diff --git a/crates/coldvox-text-injection/src/focus.rs b/crates/coldvox-text-injection/src/focus.rs
index 9283640b..d3fdebce 100644
--- a/crates/coldvox-text-injection/src/focus.rs
+++ b/crates/coldvox-text-injection/src/focus.rs
@@ -87,15 +87,106 @@ impl<B: FocusBackend> FocusProvider for FocusTracker<B> {
 #[derive(Default, Clone)]
 pub struct SystemFocusAdapter;
 
+#[cfg(not(feature = "atspi"))]
 #[async_trait]
 impl FocusBackend for SystemFocusAdapter {
     async fn query_focus(&self) -> Result<FocusStatus, InjectionError> {
-        // Temporarily disabled due to AT-SPI API changes
-        // TODO(#38): Update to work with current atspi crate API
+        // Stub implementation when AT-SPI is not enabled.
         Ok(FocusStatus::Unknown)
     }
 }
 
+#[cfg(feature = "atspi")]
+#[async_trait]
+impl FocusBackend for SystemFocusAdapter {
+    async fn query_focus(&self) -> Result<FocusStatus, InjectionError> {
+        use crate::log_throttle::log_atspi_connection_failure;
+        use atspi::{
+            connection::AccessibilityConnection, proxy::accessible::AccessibleProxy,
+            proxy::collection::CollectionProxy, Interface, MatchType, ObjectMatchRule, SortOrder,
+            State,
+        };
+
+        let conn = match AccessibilityConnection::new().await {
+            Ok(c) => c,
+            Err(e) => {
+                log_atspi_connection_failure(&e.to_string());
+                return Ok(FocusStatus::Unknown);
+            }
+        };
+
+        let zbus_conn = conn.connection();
+
+        let collection = match CollectionProxy::builder(zbus_conn)
+            .destination("org.a11y.atspi.Registry")
+            .map_err(|e| InjectionError::Other(format!("Collection destination failed: {e}")))?
+            .path("/org/a11y/atspi/accessible/root")
+            .map_err(|e| InjectionError::Other(format!("Collection path failed: {e}")))?
+            .build()
+            .await
+        {
+            Ok(p) => p,
+            Err(e) => {
+                debug!("Failed to build CollectionProxy: {}", e);
+                return Ok(FocusStatus::Unknown);
+            }
+        };
+
+        let mut rule = ObjectMatchRule::default();
+        rule.states = State::Focused.into();
+        rule.states_mt = MatchType::All;
+
+        let matches = match collection
+            .get_matches(rule, SortOrder::Canonical, 1, false)
+            .await
+        {
+            Ok(m) => m,
+            Err(e) => {
+                debug!("Failed to get matches from CollectionProxy: {}", e);
+                return Ok(FocusStatus::Unknown);
+            }
+        };
+
+        if let Some(obj_ref) = matches.first() {
+            let accessible = match AccessibleProxy::builder(zbus_conn)
+                .destination(obj_ref.name.clone())
+                .map_err(|e| {
+                    InjectionError::Other(format!("AccessibleProxy destination failed: {e}"))
+                })?
+                .path(obj_ref.path.clone())
+                .map_err(|e| InjectionError::Other(format!("AccessibleProxy path failed: {e}")))?
+                .build()
+                .await
+            {
+                Ok(p) => p,
+                Err(e) => {
+                    debug!("Failed to build AccessibleProxy: {}", e);
+                    return Ok(FocusStatus::Unknown);
+                }
+            };
+
+            let ifaces = match accessible.get_interfaces().await {
+                Ok(i) => i,
+                Err(e) => {
+                    debug!("Failed to get interfaces: {}", e);
+                    return Ok(FocusStatus::Unknown);
+                }
+            };
+
+            if ifaces.contains(Interface::EditableText) {
+                debug!("Focused element is editable: {:?}", obj_ref.name);
+                Ok(FocusStatus::EditableText)
+            } else {
+                debug!("Focused element is not editable: {:?}", obj_ref.name);
+                Ok(FocusStatus::NonEditable)
+            }
+        } else {
+            debug!("No focused element found");
+            Ok(FocusStatus::Unknown)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 #[async_trait]
 impl<T> FocusBackend for std::sync::Arc<T>
 where
diff --git a/crates/coldvox-text-injection/src/tests/focus_backend_test.rs b/crates/coldvox-text-injection/src/tests/focus_backend_test.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..02d553e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates/coldvox-text-injection/src/tests/focus_backend_test.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+
+use crate::focus::{FocusStatus, FocusTracker};
+use crate::tests::test_harness::{TestAppManager, TestEnvironment};
+use crate::types::InjectionConfig;
+
+#[tokio::test]
+#[cfg_attr(
+    not(feature = "live-hardware-tests"),
+    ignore = "Skipping live hardware test for focus backend"
+)]
+async fn test_atspi_focus_backend_identifies_editable_text() {
+    let env = TestEnvironment::current();
+    if !env.can_run_real_tests() {
+        println!("Skipping focus backend test: No display available.");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Launch the GTK test application.
+    let _test_app = TestAppManager::launch_gtk_app()
+        .expect("Failed to launch GTK test app. Is 'build.rs' configured correctly?");
+
+    // Give the app a moment to launch and gain focus.
+    tokio::time::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(500)).await;
+
+    // Create a FocusTracker and check the focus status.
+    let config = InjectionConfig::default();
+    let mut focus_tracker = FocusTracker::new(config);
+
+    let status = focus_tracker
+        .get_focus_status()
+        .await
+        .expect("Failed to get focus status");
+
+    // The GTK test app should have a focused, editable text field.
+    assert_eq!(
+        status,
+        FocusStatus::EditableText,
+        "Focus backend should have identified the GTK app's focused text field as editable."
+    );
+}
diff --git a/crates/coldvox-text-injection/src/tests/mod.rs b/crates/coldvox-text-injection/src/tests/mod.rs
index b576f697..d82968eb 100644
--- a/crates/coldvox-text-injection/src/tests/mod.rs
+++ b/crates/coldvox-text-injection/src/tests/mod.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,11 @@
 //! Test modules for coldvox-text-injection
 
 // pub mod real_injection;
+pub mod test_harness;
 pub mod test_utils;
 pub mod wl_copy_basic_test;
 pub mod wl_copy_simple_test;
 pub mod wl_copy_stdin_test;
+
+#[cfg(all(test, feature = "atspi"))]
+mod focus_backend_test;