diff --git a/apps/user-service/src/main/java/site/icebang/domain/schedule/model/Schedule.java b/apps/user-service/src/main/java/site/icebang/domain/schedule/model/Schedule.java
index c2218bd0..cce15a25 100644
--- a/apps/user-service/src/main/java/site/icebang/domain/schedule/model/Schedule.java
+++ b/apps/user-service/src/main/java/site/icebang/domain/schedule/model/Schedule.java
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 package site.icebang.domain.schedule.model;
 
-import java.time.LocalDateTime;
+import java.time.Instant;
 
 import lombok.AccessLevel;
 import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
@@ -22,10 +22,10 @@ public class Schedule {
   private String parameters; // JSON format
   private boolean isActive;
   private String lastRunStatus;
-  private LocalDateTime lastRunAt;
-  private LocalDateTime createdAt;
+  private Instant lastRunAt;
+  private Instant createdAt;
   private Long createdBy;
-  private LocalDateTime updatedAt;
+  private Instant updatedAt;
   private Long updatedBy;
   private String scheduleText;
 }
diff --git a/apps/user-service/src/main/java/site/icebang/domain/workflow/dto/JobDto.java b/apps/user-service/src/main/java/site/icebang/domain/workflow/dto/JobDto.java
index 6dd40c5d..035d6d17 100644
--- a/apps/user-service/src/main/java/site/icebang/domain/workflow/dto/JobDto.java
+++ b/apps/user-service/src/main/java/site/icebang/domain/workflow/dto/JobDto.java
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 package site.icebang.domain.workflow.dto;
 
-import java.time.LocalDateTime;
+import java.time.Instant;
 
 import lombok.Data;
 
@@ -10,9 +10,9 @@ public class JobDto {
   private String name;
   private String description;
   private Boolean isEnabled;
-  private LocalDateTime createdAt;
+  private Instant createdAt;
   private Long createdBy;
-  private LocalDateTime updatedAt;
+  private Instant updatedAt;
   private Long updatedBy;
 
   private Integer executionOrder;
diff --git a/apps/user-service/src/main/java/site/icebang/domain/workflow/dto/ScheduleDto.java b/apps/user-service/src/main/java/site/icebang/domain/workflow/dto/ScheduleDto.java
index 397285cb..752bd619 100644
--- a/apps/user-service/src/main/java/site/icebang/domain/workflow/dto/ScheduleDto.java
+++ b/apps/user-service/src/main/java/site/icebang/domain/workflow/dto/ScheduleDto.java
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 package site.icebang.domain.workflow.dto;
 
-import java.time.LocalDateTime;
+import java.time.Instant;
 
 import lombok.Data;
 
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ public class ScheduleDto {
   private String cronExpression;
   private Boolean isActive;
   private String lastRunStatus;
-  private LocalDateTime lastRunAt;
+  private Instant lastRunAt;
   private String scheduleText;
-  private LocalDateTime createdAt;
+  private Instant createdAt;
 }
diff --git a/apps/user-service/src/main/java/site/icebang/domain/workflow/dto/TaskDto.java b/apps/user-service/src/main/java/site/icebang/domain/workflow/dto/TaskDto.java
index fa83fe7d..1047d141 100644
--- a/apps/user-service/src/main/java/site/icebang/domain/workflow/dto/TaskDto.java
+++ b/apps/user-service/src/main/java/site/icebang/domain/workflow/dto/TaskDto.java
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 package site.icebang.domain.workflow.dto;
 
-import java.time.LocalDateTime;
+import java.time.Instant;
 
 import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonNode;
 
@@ -14,6 +14,6 @@ public class TaskDto {
   private Integer executionOrder;
   private JsonNode settings;
   private JsonNode parameters;
-  private LocalDateTime createdAt;
-  private LocalDateTime updatedAt;
+  private Instant createdAt;
+  private Instant updatedAt;
 }
diff --git a/apps/user-service/src/main/java/site/icebang/domain/workflow/dto/WorkflowCardDto.java b/apps/user-service/src/main/java/site/icebang/domain/workflow/dto/WorkflowCardDto.java
index a39ce0c3..4d074930 100644
--- a/apps/user-service/src/main/java/site/icebang/domain/workflow/dto/WorkflowCardDto.java
+++ b/apps/user-service/src/main/java/site/icebang/domain/workflow/dto/WorkflowCardDto.java
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 package site.icebang.domain.workflow.dto;
 
 import java.math.BigInteger;
-import java.time.LocalDateTime;
+import java.time.Instant;
 
 import lombok.Data;
 
@@ -12,5 +12,5 @@ public class WorkflowCardDto {
   private String description;
   private boolean isEnabled;
   private String createdBy;
-  private LocalDateTime createdAt;
+  private Instant createdAt;
 }
diff --git a/apps/user-service/src/main/java/site/icebang/domain/workflow/dto/WorkflowDetailCardDto.java b/apps/user-service/src/main/java/site/icebang/domain/workflow/dto/WorkflowDetailCardDto.java
index a2ef46b8..175db6ac 100644
--- a/apps/user-service/src/main/java/site/icebang/domain/workflow/dto/WorkflowDetailCardDto.java
+++ b/apps/user-service/src/main/java/site/icebang/domain/workflow/dto/WorkflowDetailCardDto.java
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 package site.icebang.domain.workflow.dto;
 
-import java.time.LocalDateTime;
+import java.time.Instant;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
 
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 @Data
 public class WorkflowDetailCardDto extends WorkflowCardDto {
   private String defaultConfig;
-  private LocalDateTime updatedAt;
+  private Instant updatedAt;
   private String updatedBy;
   private List<ScheduleDto> schedules;
   private List<Map<String, Object>> jobs;
diff --git a/apps/user-service/src/main/java/site/icebang/domain/workflow/dto/WorkflowHistoryDTO.java b/apps/user-service/src/main/java/site/icebang/domain/workflow/dto/WorkflowHistoryDTO.java
index 18a25b7e..9f5a9b8d 100644
--- a/apps/user-service/src/main/java/site/icebang/domain/workflow/dto/WorkflowHistoryDTO.java
+++ b/apps/user-service/src/main/java/site/icebang/domain/workflow/dto/WorkflowHistoryDTO.java
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 package site.icebang.domain.workflow.dto;
 
 import java.math.BigInteger;
-import java.time.LocalDateTime;
+import java.time.Instant;
 
 import lombok.Data;
 
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@ public class WorkflowHistoryDTO {
   private BigInteger id;
   private BigInteger workflowId;
   private String traceId;
-  private LocalDateTime startedAt;
-  private LocalDateTime finishedAt;
+  private Instant startedAt;
+  private Instant finishedAt;
   private BigInteger createdBy;
   private String triggerType;
   private String runNumber;
diff --git a/apps/user-service/src/main/java/site/icebang/domain/workflow/model/Job.java b/apps/user-service/src/main/java/site/icebang/domain/workflow/model/Job.java
index f0d36d8b..c363f8de 100644
--- a/apps/user-service/src/main/java/site/icebang/domain/workflow/model/Job.java
+++ b/apps/user-service/src/main/java/site/icebang/domain/workflow/model/Job.java
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 package site.icebang.domain.workflow.model;
 
-import java.time.LocalDateTime;
+import java.time.Instant;
 
 import lombok.AccessLevel;
 import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
@@ -17,9 +17,9 @@ public class Job {
   private String name;
   private String description;
   private boolean isEnabled;
-  private LocalDateTime createdAt;
+  private Instant createdAt;
   private Long createdBy;
-  private LocalDateTime updatedAt;
+  private Instant updatedAt;
   private Long updatedBy;
 
   public Job(JobDto dto) {
diff --git a/apps/user-service/src/main/java/site/icebang/domain/workflow/model/JobRun.java b/apps/user-service/src/main/java/site/icebang/domain/workflow/model/JobRun.java
index 038890dc..eeaffd28 100644
--- a/apps/user-service/src/main/java/site/icebang/domain/workflow/model/JobRun.java
+++ b/apps/user-service/src/main/java/site/icebang/domain/workflow/model/JobRun.java
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 package site.icebang.domain.workflow.model;
 
-import java.time.LocalDateTime;
+import java.time.Instant;
 
 import lombok.Getter;
 import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
@@ -13,15 +13,15 @@ public class JobRun {
   private Long workflowRunId;
   private Long jobId;
   private String status; // PENDING, RUNNING, SUCCESS, FAILED
-  private LocalDateTime startedAt;
-  private LocalDateTime finishedAt;
-  private LocalDateTime createdAt;
+  private Instant startedAt;
+  private Instant finishedAt;
+  private Instant createdAt;
 
   private JobRun(Long workflowRunId, Long jobId) {
     this.workflowRunId = workflowRunId;
     this.jobId = jobId;
     this.status = "RUNNING";
-    this.startedAt = LocalDateTime.now();
+    this.startedAt = Instant.now();
     this.createdAt = this.startedAt;
   }
 
@@ -33,6 +33,6 @@ public static JobRun start(Long workflowRunId, Long jobId) {
   /** Job 실행 완료 처리 */
   public void finish(String status) {
     this.status = status;
-    this.finishedAt = LocalDateTime.now();
+    this.finishedAt = Instant.now();
   }
 }
diff --git a/apps/user-service/src/main/java/site/icebang/domain/workflow/model/Task.java b/apps/user-service/src/main/java/site/icebang/domain/workflow/model/Task.java
index 2c917100..04d577c1 100644
--- a/apps/user-service/src/main/java/site/icebang/domain/workflow/model/Task.java
+++ b/apps/user-service/src/main/java/site/icebang/domain/workflow/model/Task.java
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 package site.icebang.domain.workflow.model;
 
-import java.time.LocalDateTime;
+import java.time.Instant;
 
 import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonNode;
 
@@ -26,9 +26,9 @@ public class Task {
 
   private JsonNode settings;
 
-  private LocalDateTime createdAt;
+  private Instant createdAt;
 
-  private LocalDateTime updatedAt;
+  private Instant updatedAt;
 
   public Task(TaskDto taskDto) {
     this.id = taskDto.getId();
diff --git a/apps/user-service/src/main/java/site/icebang/domain/workflow/model/TaskRun.java b/apps/user-service/src/main/java/site/icebang/domain/workflow/model/TaskRun.java
index d49542f0..6d89a150 100644
--- a/apps/user-service/src/main/java/site/icebang/domain/workflow/model/TaskRun.java
+++ b/apps/user-service/src/main/java/site/icebang/domain/workflow/model/TaskRun.java
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 package site.icebang.domain.workflow.model;
 
-import java.time.LocalDateTime;
+import java.time.Instant;
 
 import lombok.Getter;
 import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
@@ -15,16 +15,16 @@ public class TaskRun {
   private Integer executionOrder;
   private String status; // PENDING, RUNNING, SUCCESS, FAILED
   private String resultMessage; // 실행 결과 메시지
-  private LocalDateTime startedAt;
-  private LocalDateTime finishedAt;
-  private LocalDateTime createdAt;
+  private Instant startedAt;
+  private Instant finishedAt;
+  private Instant createdAt;
 
   // 생성자나 정적 팩토리 메서드를 통해 객체 생성 로직을 관리
   private TaskRun(Long jobRunId, Long taskId) {
     this.jobRunId = jobRunId;
     this.taskId = taskId;
     this.status = "PENDING";
-    this.createdAt = LocalDateTime.now();
+    this.createdAt = Instant.now();
   }
 
   /** Task 실행 시작을 위한 정적 팩토리 메서드 */
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ public static TaskRun start(Long jobRunId, Long taskId, Integer executionOrder)
     TaskRun taskRun = new TaskRun(jobRunId, taskId);
     taskRun.executionOrder = executionOrder;
     taskRun.status = "RUNNING";
-    taskRun.startedAt = LocalDateTime.now();
+    taskRun.startedAt = Instant.now();
     return taskRun;
   }
 
@@ -40,6 +40,6 @@ public static TaskRun start(Long jobRunId, Long taskId, Integer executionOrder)
   public void finish(String status, String resultMessage) {
     this.status = status;
     this.resultMessage = resultMessage;
-    this.finishedAt = LocalDateTime.now();
+    this.finishedAt = Instant.now();
   }
 }
diff --git a/apps/user-service/src/main/java/site/icebang/domain/workflow/model/Workflow.java b/apps/user-service/src/main/java/site/icebang/domain/workflow/model/Workflow.java
index 8b536003..695364aa 100644
--- a/apps/user-service/src/main/java/site/icebang/domain/workflow/model/Workflow.java
+++ b/apps/user-service/src/main/java/site/icebang/domain/workflow/model/Workflow.java
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 package site.icebang.domain.workflow.model;
 
-import java.time.LocalDateTime;
+import java.time.Instant;
 
 import lombok.AccessLevel;
 import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
@@ -16,9 +16,9 @@ public class Workflow {
   private String name;
   private String description;
   private boolean isEnabled;
-  private LocalDateTime createdAt;
+  private Instant createdAt;
   private Long createdBy;
-  private LocalDateTime updatedAt;
+  private Instant updatedAt;
   private Long updatedBy;
 
   /** 워크플로우별 기본 설정값 (JSON) */
diff --git a/apps/user-service/src/main/java/site/icebang/domain/workflow/model/WorkflowRun.java b/apps/user-service/src/main/java/site/icebang/domain/workflow/model/WorkflowRun.java
index 011f7ee5..5741e77b 100644
--- a/apps/user-service/src/main/java/site/icebang/domain/workflow/model/WorkflowRun.java
+++ b/apps/user-service/src/main/java/site/icebang/domain/workflow/model/WorkflowRun.java
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 package site.icebang.domain.workflow.model;
 
-import java.time.LocalDateTime;
+import java.time.Instant;
 import java.util.UUID;
 
 import lombok.Getter;
@@ -14,15 +14,15 @@ public class WorkflowRun {
   private Long workflowId;
   private String traceId; // 분산 추적을 위한 ID
   private String status; // PENDING, RUNNING, SUCCESS, FAILED
-  private LocalDateTime startedAt;
-  private LocalDateTime finishedAt;
-  private LocalDateTime createdAt;
+  private Instant startedAt;
+  private Instant finishedAt;
+  private Instant createdAt;
 
   private WorkflowRun(Long workflowId) {
     this.workflowId = workflowId;
     this.traceId = UUID.randomUUID().toString(); // 고유 추적 ID 생성
     this.status = "RUNNING";
-    this.startedAt = LocalDateTime.now();
+    this.startedAt = Instant.now();
     this.createdAt = this.startedAt;
   }
 
@@ -34,6 +34,6 @@ public static WorkflowRun start(Long workflowId) {
   /** 워크플로우 실행 완료 처리 */
   public void finish(String status) {
     this.status = status;
-    this.finishedAt = LocalDateTime.now();
+    this.finishedAt = Instant.now();
   }
 }
diff --git a/apps/user-service/src/main/java/site/icebang/global/config/mybatis/typehandler/InstantTypeHandler.java b/apps/user-service/src/main/java/site/icebang/global/config/mybatis/typehandler/InstantTypeHandler.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4146c4af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/user-service/src/main/java/site/icebang/global/config/mybatis/typehandler/InstantTypeHandler.java
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+package site.icebang.global.config.mybatis.typehandler;
+
+import java.sql.CallableStatement;
+import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
+import java.sql.ResultSet;
+import java.sql.SQLException;
+import java.sql.Timestamp;
+import java.time.Instant;
+
+import org.apache.ibatis.type.BaseTypeHandler;
+import org.apache.ibatis.type.JdbcType;
+import org.apache.ibatis.type.MappedTypes;
+
+/**
+ * MyBatis에서 Java 8의 {@code Instant} 타입을 데이터베이스의 TIMESTAMP 타입과 매핑하기 위한 커스텀 타입 핸들러입니다.
+ *
+ * <p>이 핸들러를 통해 애플리케이션에서는 UTC 기준의 시간을 {@code Instant} 객체로 다루고, 데이터베이스에는 해당 객체를 TIMESTAMP 형태로 저장하거나
+ * 읽어올 수 있습니다.
+ *
+ * <h2>MyBatis XML 매퍼에서의 사용 예제:</h2>
+ *
+ * <pre>{@code
+ * <resultMap id="WorkflowRunResultMap" type="site.icebang.domain.workflow.model.WorkflowRun">
+ *     <result property="startedAt"
+ *             column="started_at"
+ *             javaType="java.time.Instant"
+ *             jdbcType="TIMESTAMP"
+ *             typeHandler="site.icebang.global.config.mybatis.typehandler.InstantTypeHandler"/>
+ * </resultMap>
+ * }</pre>
+ *
+ * @author jihu0210@naver.com
+ * @since v0.1.0
+ */
+@MappedTypes(Instant.class)
+public class InstantTypeHandler extends BaseTypeHandler<Instant> {
+
+  /**
+   * {@code Instant} 파라미터를 DB에 저장하기 위해 Timestamp로 변환하여 PreparedStatement에 설정합니다.
+   *
+   * @param ps PreparedStatement 객체
+   * @param i 파라미터 인덱스
+   * @param parameter 변환할 Instant 객체
+   * @param jdbcType JDBC 타입
+   * @throws SQLException 변환 실패 시
+   */
+  @Override
+  public void setNonNullParameter(PreparedStatement ps, int i, Instant parameter, JdbcType jdbcType)
+      throws SQLException {
+    ps.setTimestamp(i, Timestamp.from(parameter));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * ResultSet에서 컬럼 이름으로 Timestamp를 가져와 {@code Instant} 객체로 변환합니다.
+   *
+   * @param rs ResultSet 객체
+   * @param columnName 컬럼 이름
+   * @return 변환된 Instant 객체, 원본이 null이면 null
+   * @throws SQLException 변환 실패 시
+   */
+  @Override
+  public Instant getNullableResult(ResultSet rs, String columnName) throws SQLException {
+    Timestamp timestamp = rs.getTimestamp(columnName);
+    return timestamp != null ? timestamp.toInstant() : null;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * ResultSet에서 컬럼 인덱스로 Timestamp를 가져와 {@code Instant} 객체로 변환합니다.
+   *
+   * @param rs ResultSet 객체
+   * @param columnIndex 컬럼 인덱스
+   * @return 변환된 Instant 객체, 원본이 null이면 null
+   * @throws SQLException 변환 실패 시
+   */
+  @Override
+  public Instant getNullableResult(ResultSet rs, int columnIndex) throws SQLException {
+    Timestamp timestamp = rs.getTimestamp(columnIndex);
+    return timestamp != null ? timestamp.toInstant() : null;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * CallableStatement에서 컬럼 인덱스로 Timestamp를 가져와 {@code Instant} 객체로 변환합니다.
+   *
+   * @param cs CallableStatement 객체
+   * @param columnIndex 컬럼 인덱스
+   * @return 변환된 Instant 객체, 원본이 null이면 null
+   * @throws SQLException 변환 실패 시
+   */
+  @Override
+  public Instant getNullableResult(CallableStatement cs, int columnIndex) throws SQLException {
+    Timestamp timestamp = cs.getTimestamp(columnIndex);
+    return timestamp != null ? timestamp.toInstant() : null;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/application-develop.yml b/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/application-develop.yml
index 9de00956..64e1a0be 100644
--- a/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/application-develop.yml
+++ b/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/application-develop.yml
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ spring:
     auto-startup: true
     # 📌 Quartz 전용 DataSource 설정을 여기에 추가
     datasource:
-      url: jdbc:mariadb://localhost:3306/pre_process
+      url: jdbc:mariadb://localhost:3306/pre_process?serverTimezone=UTC
       username: mariadb
       password: qwer1234
       driver-class-name: org.mariadb.jdbc.Driver
@@ -44,14 +44,16 @@ spring:
     init:
       mode: always
       schema-locations:
-        - classpath:sql/00-drop-maria.sql
-        - classpath:sql/01-schema.sql
-        - classpath:sql/02-quartz-schema.sql
+        - classpath:sql/schema/00-drop-maria.sql
+        - classpath:sql/schema/01-schema.sql
+        - classpath:sql/schema/02-quartz-schema.sql
+        - classpath:sql/schema/03-schema-mariadb-timezone.sql
       data-locations:
-        - classpath:sql/00-truncate.sql
-        - classpath:sql/01-insert-internal-users.sql
-        - classpath:sql/02-insert-external-users.sql
-        - classpath:sql/03-insert-workflow.sql
+        - classpath:sql/data/00-truncate.sql
+        - classpath:sql/data/01-insert-internal-users.sql
+        - classpath:sql/data/02-insert-external-users.sql
+        - classpath:sql/data/03-insert-workflow.sql
+        - classpath:sql/data/05-fix-timezone-data.sql
       encoding: UTF-8
 
 mybatis:
diff --git a/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/application-production.yml b/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/application-production.yml
index 406fed87..c53e00bb 100644
--- a/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/application-production.yml
+++ b/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/application-production.yml
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ spring:
       on-profile: production
 
   datasource:
-    url: jdbc:mariadb://${DB_HOST}:${DB_PORT}/${DB_NAME}
+    url: jdbc:mariadb://${DB_HOST}:${DB_PORT}/${DB_NAME}?serverTimezone=UTC
     username: ${DB_USER}
     password: ${DB_PASS}
     driver-class-name: org.mariadb.jdbc.Driver
diff --git a/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/application-test-e2e.yml b/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/application-test-e2e.yml
index 3a777909..14c572b1 100644
--- a/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/application-test-e2e.yml
+++ b/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/application-test-e2e.yml
@@ -7,8 +7,16 @@ spring:
     init:
       mode: always
       schema-locations:
-        - classpath:sql/00-drop-maria.sql
-        - classpath:sql/01-schema.sql
+        - classpath:sql/schema/00-drop-maria.sql
+        - classpath:sql/schema/01-schema.sql
+        - classpath:sql/schema/02-quartz-schema.sql
+        - classpath:sql/schema/03-schema-mariadb-timezone.sql
+      data-locations:
+        - classpath:sql/data/00-truncate.sql
+        - classpath:sql/data/01-insert-internal-users.sql
+        - classpath:sql/data/02-insert-external-users.sql
+        - classpath:sql/data/03-insert-workflow.sql
+        - classpath:sql/data/05-fix-timezone-data.sql
       encoding: UTF-8
 
 mybatis:
diff --git a/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/application-test-integration.yml b/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/application-test-integration.yml
index 6eccdace..0bc7cbcc 100644
--- a/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/application-test-integration.yml
+++ b/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/application-test-integration.yml
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ spring:
     password:
     driver-class-name: org.h2.Driver
     hikari:
-      connection-init-sql: "SET MODE MariaDB; SET NON_KEYWORDS USER;"
+      connection-init-sql: "SET MODE MariaDB; SET NON_KEYWORDS USER; "
       connection-timeout: 30000
       idle-timeout: 600000
       max-lifetime: 1800000
@@ -28,8 +28,10 @@ spring:
     init:
       mode: always
       schema-locations:
-        - classpath:sql/00-drop-h2.sql
-        - classpath:sql/01-schema.sql
+        - classpath:sql/schema/00-drop-h2.sql
+        - classpath:sql/schema/01-schema.sql
+        - classpath:sql/schema/02-quartz-schema.sql
+        - classpath:sql/schema/03-schema-h2-timezone.sql
       encoding: UTF-8
 
 mybatis:
diff --git a/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/application-test-unit.yml b/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/application-test-unit.yml
index d9a8059b..1487e336 100644
--- a/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/application-test-unit.yml
+++ b/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/application-test-unit.yml
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ spring:
     password:
     driver-class-name: org.h2.Driver
     hikari:
-      connection-init-sql: "SET MODE MariaDB"
+      connection-init-sql: "SET MODE MariaDB "
       connection-timeout: 30000
       idle-timeout: 600000
       max-lifetime: 1800000
@@ -29,8 +29,10 @@ spring:
     init:
       mode: always
       schema-locations:
-        - classpath:sql/00-drop-h2.sql
-        - classpath:sql/01-schema.sql
+        - classpath:sql/schema/00-drop-h2.sql
+        - classpath:sql/schema/01-schema.sql
+        - classpath:sql/schema/02-quartz-schema.sql
+        - classpath:sql/schema/03-schema-h2-timezone.sql
       encoding: UTF-8
 
 mybatis:
diff --git a/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/application.yml b/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/application.yml
index fbda82f3..55fece16 100644
--- a/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/application.yml
+++ b/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/application.yml
@@ -7,6 +7,10 @@ spring:
     context:
       cache:
         maxSize: 1
+  jackson:
+    time-zone: UTC
+    serialization:
+      write-dates-as-timestamps: false
 
 mybatis:
   # Mapper XML 파일 위치
diff --git a/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/mybatis/mapper/JobMapper.xml b/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/mybatis/mapper/JobMapper.xml
index cd64ad2c..5b959db3 100644
--- a/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/mybatis/mapper/JobMapper.xml
+++ b/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/mybatis/mapper/JobMapper.xml
@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@
         <result property="name" column="name"/>
         <result property="description" column="description"/>
         <result property="isEnabled" column="is_enabled"/>
-        <result property="createdAt" column="created_at"/>
-        <result property="updatedAt" column="updated_at"/>
+        <result property="createdAt" column="created_at" javaType="java.time.Instant" jdbcType="TIMESTAMP" typeHandler="site.icebang.global.config.mybatis.typehandler.InstantTypeHandler"/>
+        <result property="updatedAt" column="updated_at" javaType="java.time.Instant" jdbcType="TIMESTAMP" typeHandler="site.icebang.global.config.mybatis.typehandler.InstantTypeHandler"/>
         <result property="executionOrder" column="execution_order"/>
     </resultMap>
 
@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@
         <result property="name" column="name"/>
         <result property="type" column="type"/>
         <result property="parameters" column="parameters" javaType="com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonNode" jdbcType="VARCHAR" typeHandler="site.icebang.global.config.mybatis.typehandler.JsonNodeTypeHandler"/>
-        <result property="createdAt" column="created_at"/>
-        <result property="updatedAt" column="updated_at"/>
+        <result property="createdAt" column="created_at" javaType="java.time.Instant" jdbcType="TIMESTAMP" typeHandler="site.icebang.global.config.mybatis.typehandler.InstantTypeHandler"/>
+        <result property="updatedAt" column="updated_at" javaType="java.time.Instant" jdbcType="TIMESTAMP" typeHandler="site.icebang.global.config.mybatis.typehandler.InstantTypeHandler"/>
         <result property="executionOrder" column="execution_order"/>
     </resultMap>
 
diff --git a/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/mybatis/mapper/JobRunMapper.xml b/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/mybatis/mapper/JobRunMapper.xml
index 3a0e17bd..2cc51d78 100644
--- a/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/mybatis/mapper/JobRunMapper.xml
+++ b/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/mybatis/mapper/JobRunMapper.xml
@@ -8,9 +8,9 @@
         <result property="workflowRunId" column="workflow_run_id"/>
         <result property="jobId" column="job_id"/>
         <result property="status" column="status"/>
-        <result property="startedAt" column="started_at"/>
-        <result property="finishedAt" column="finished_at"/>
-        <result property="createdAt" column="created_at"/>
+        <result property="startedAt" column="started_at" javaType="java.time.Instant" jdbcType="TIMESTAMP" typeHandler="site.icebang.global.config.mybatis.typehandler.InstantTypeHandler"/>
+        <result property="finishedAt" column="finished_at" javaType="java.time.Instant" jdbcType="TIMESTAMP" typeHandler="site.icebang.global.config.mybatis.typehandler.InstantTypeHandler"/>
+        <result property="createdAt" column="created_at" javaType="java.time.Instant" jdbcType="TIMESTAMP" typeHandler="site.icebang.global.config.mybatis.typehandler.InstantTypeHandler"/>
     </resultMap>
 
     <insert id="insert" useGeneratedKeys="true" keyProperty="id">
diff --git a/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/mybatis/mapper/ScheduleMapper.xml b/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/mybatis/mapper/ScheduleMapper.xml
index 2a5480e3..80d6ffae 100644
--- a/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/mybatis/mapper/ScheduleMapper.xml
+++ b/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/mybatis/mapper/ScheduleMapper.xml
@@ -3,6 +3,18 @@
 
 <mapper namespace="site.icebang.domain.schedule.mapper.ScheduleMapper">
     <resultMap id="ScheduleResultMap" type="site.icebang.domain.schedule.model.Schedule">
+        <id property="id" column="id"/>
+        <result property="workflowId" column="workflow_id"/>
+        <result property="cronExpression" column="cron_expression"/>
+        <result property="parameters" column="parameters"/>
+        <result property="isActive" column="is_active"/>
+        <result property="lastRunStatus" column="last_run_status"/>
+        <result property="lastRunAt" column="last_run_at" javaType="java.time.Instant" jdbcType="TIMESTAMP" typeHandler="site.icebang.global.config.mybatis.typehandler.InstantTypeHandler"/>
+        <result property="createdAt" column="created_at" javaType="java.time.Instant" jdbcType="TIMESTAMP" typeHandler="site.icebang.global.config.mybatis.typehandler.InstantTypeHandler"/>
+        <result property="createdBy" column="created_by"/>
+        <result property="updatedAt" column="updated_at" javaType="java.time.Instant" jdbcType="TIMESTAMP" typeHandler="site.icebang.global.config.mybatis.typehandler.InstantTypeHandler"/>
+        <result property="updatedBy" column="updated_by"/>
+        <result property="scheduleText" column="schedule_text"/>
     </resultMap>
 
     <select id="findAllActive" resultMap="ScheduleResultMap">
diff --git a/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/mybatis/mapper/TaskMapper.xml b/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/mybatis/mapper/TaskMapper.xml
index 7604cb94..80c6c044 100644
--- a/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/mybatis/mapper/TaskMapper.xml
+++ b/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/mybatis/mapper/TaskMapper.xml
@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@
         <result property="name" column="name"/>
         <result property="type" column="type"/>
         <result property="parameters" column="parameters" javaType="com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonNode" jdbcType="VARCHAR" typeHandler="site.icebang.global.config.mybatis.typehandler.JsonNodeTypeHandler"/>
+        <result property="createdAt" column="created_at" javaType="java.time.Instant" jdbcType="TIMESTAMP" typeHandler="site.icebang.global.config.mybatis.typehandler.InstantTypeHandler"/>
+        <result property="updatedAt" column="updated_at" javaType="java.time.Instant" jdbcType="TIMESTAMP" typeHandler="site.icebang.global.config.mybatis.typehandler.InstantTypeHandler"/>
     </resultMap>
 
     <select id="findById" resultMap="TaskResultMap">
diff --git a/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/mybatis/mapper/TaskRunMapper.xml b/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/mybatis/mapper/TaskRunMapper.xml
index 8fb277e2..61ec3cf0 100644
--- a/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/mybatis/mapper/TaskRunMapper.xml
+++ b/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/mybatis/mapper/TaskRunMapper.xml
@@ -2,6 +2,19 @@
 <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
 
 <mapper namespace="site.icebang.domain.workflow.mapper.TaskRunMapper">
+
+    <resultMap id="TaskRunResultMap" type="site.icebang.domain.workflow.model.TaskRun">
+        <id property="id" column="id"/>
+        <result property="jobRunId" column="job_run_id"/>
+        <result property="taskId" column="task_id"/>
+        <result property="executionOrder" column="execution_order"/>
+        <result property="status" column="status"/>
+        <result property="resultMessage" column="result_message"/>
+        <result property="startedAt" column="started_at" javaType="java.time.Instant" jdbcType="TIMESTAMP" typeHandler="site.icebang.global.config.mybatis.typehandler.InstantTypeHandler"/>
+        <result property="finishedAt" column="finished_at" javaType="java.time.Instant" jdbcType="TIMESTAMP" typeHandler="site.icebang.global.config.mybatis.typehandler.InstantTypeHandler"/>
+        <result property="createdAt" column="created_at" javaType="java.time.Instant" jdbcType="TIMESTAMP" typeHandler="site.icebang.global.config.mybatis.typehandler.InstantTypeHandler"/>
+    </resultMap>
+
     <insert id="insert" useGeneratedKeys="true" keyProperty="id">
         INSERT INTO task_run (job_run_id, task_id, execution_order, status, started_at, created_at)
         VALUES (#{jobRunId}, #{taskId}, #{executionOrder}, #{status}, #{startedAt}, #{createdAt})
diff --git a/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/mybatis/mapper/WorkflowMapper.xml b/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/mybatis/mapper/WorkflowMapper.xml
index dda398a9..ea5a0d01 100644
--- a/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/mybatis/mapper/WorkflowMapper.xml
+++ b/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/mybatis/mapper/WorkflowMapper.xml
@@ -47,9 +47,9 @@
         <result property="isEnabled"     column="isEnabled"/>
         <result property="defaultConfig" column="defaultConfig"/>
         <result property="createdBy"     column="createdBy"/>
-        <result property="createdAt"     column="createdAt"/>
+        <result property="createdAt"     column="createdAt" javaType="java.time.Instant" jdbcType="TIMESTAMP" typeHandler="site.icebang.global.config.mybatis.typehandler.InstantTypeHandler"/>
         <result property="updatedBy"     column="updatedBy"/>
-        <result property="updatedAt"     column="updatedAt"/>
+        <result property="updatedAt"     column="updatedAt" javaType="java.time.Instant" jdbcType="TIMESTAMP" typeHandler="site.icebang.global.config.mybatis.typehandler.InstantTypeHandler"/>
     </resultMap>
 
     <!-- 스케줄 정보 매핑 -->
@@ -58,9 +58,9 @@
         <result property="cronExpression" column="cronExpression"/>
         <result property="isActive"       column="isActive"/>
         <result property="lastRunStatus"  column="lastRunStatus"/>
-        <result property="lastRunAt"      column="lastRunAt"/>
+        <result property="lastRunAt"      column="lastRunAt" javaType="java.time.Instant" jdbcType="TIMESTAMP" typeHandler="site.icebang.global.config.mybatis.typehandler.InstantTypeHandler"/>
         <result property="scheduleText"   column="scheduleText"/>
-        <result property="createdAt"      column="createdAt"/>
+        <result property="createdAt"      column="createdAt" javaType="java.time.Instant" jdbcType="TIMESTAMP" typeHandler="site.icebang.global.config.mybatis.typehandler.InstantTypeHandler"/>
     </resultMap>
 
     <!-- 워크플로우 기본 정보 조회 -->
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@
                      #{dto.description},
                      #{dto.isEnabled},
                      #{createdBy},
-                     NOW(),
+                     UTC_TIMESTAMP(),
                      #{dto.defaultConfigJson}
                  )
     </insert>
@@ -161,8 +161,8 @@
             SELECT LAST_INSERT_ID() as id
         </selectKey>
         INSERT INTO job (name, description, created_by, created_at) VALUES
-        ('상품 분석', '키워드 검색, 상품 크롤링 및 유사도 분석 작업', #{createdBy}, NOW()),
-        ('블로그 콘텐츠 생성', '분석 데이터를 기반으로 RAG 콘텐츠 생성 및 발행 작업', #{createdBy}, NOW())
+        ('상품 분석', '키워드 검색, 상품 크롤링 및 유사도 분석 작업', #{createdBy}, UTC_TIMESTAMP()),
+        ('블로그 콘텐츠 생성', '분석 데이터를 기반으로 RAG 콘텐츠 생성 및 발행 작업', #{createdBy}, UTC_TIMESTAMP())
     </insert>
 
     <!-- Workflow-Job 연결 -->
diff --git a/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/mybatis/mapper/WorkflowRunMapper.xml b/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/mybatis/mapper/WorkflowRunMapper.xml
index d032da56..8011fc6c 100644
--- a/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/mybatis/mapper/WorkflowRunMapper.xml
+++ b/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/mybatis/mapper/WorkflowRunMapper.xml
@@ -8,9 +8,9 @@
         <result property="workflowId" column="workflow_id"/>
         <result property="traceId" column="trace_id"/>
         <result property="status" column="status"/>
-        <result property="startedAt" column="started_at"/>
-        <result property="finishedAt" column="finished_at"/>
-        <result property="createdAt" column="created_at"/>
+        <result property="startedAt" column="started_at" javaType="java.time.Instant" jdbcType="TIMESTAMP" typeHandler="site.icebang.global.config.mybatis.typehandler.InstantTypeHandler"/>
+        <result property="finishedAt" column="finished_at" javaType="java.time.Instant" jdbcType="TIMESTAMP" typeHandler="site.icebang.global.config.mybatis.typehandler.InstantTypeHandler"/>
+        <result property="createdAt" column="created_at" javaType="java.time.Instant" jdbcType="TIMESTAMP" typeHandler="site.icebang.global.config.mybatis.typehandler.InstantTypeHandler"/>
     </resultMap>
 
     <insert id="insert" useGeneratedKeys="true" keyProperty="id">
diff --git a/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/sql/00-truncate.sql b/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/sql/data/00-truncate.sql
similarity index 100%
rename from apps/user-service/src/main/resources/sql/00-truncate.sql
rename to apps/user-service/src/main/resources/sql/data/00-truncate.sql
diff --git a/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/sql/data/01-insert-internal-users-h2.sql b/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/sql/data/01-insert-internal-users-h2.sql
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..88108427
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/sql/data/01-insert-internal-users-h2.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,229 @@
+-- icebang 내부 직원 전체 INSERT (H2 호환 버전)
+
+-- 1. icebang 조직
+INSERT INTO `organization` (`name`, `domain_name`) VALUES
+    ('icebang', 'icebang.site');
+
+-- 2. icebang 부서들 (직접 ID로 참조)
+INSERT INTO `department` (`organization_id`, `name`) VALUES
+                                                         (1, 'AI개발팀'),
+                                                         (1, '데이터팀'),
+                                                         (1, '콘텐츠팀'),
+                                                         (1, '마케팅팀'),
+                                                         (1, '운영팀'),
+                                                         (1, '기획팀');
+
+-- 3. icebang 직책들 (직접 ID로 참조)
+INSERT INTO `position` (`organization_id`, `title`) VALUES
+                                                        (1, 'CEO'),
+                                                        (1, 'CTO'),
+                                                        (1, '팀장'),
+                                                        (1, '시니어'),
+                                                        (1, '주니어'),
+                                                        (1, '인턴');
+
+-- 4. 바이럴 콘텐츠 워크플로우 권한들
+INSERT INTO `permission` (`resource`, `description`) VALUES
+-- 사용자 관리
+('users.create', '사용자 생성'),
+('users.read', '사용자 조회'),
+('users.read.own', '본인 정보 조회'),
+('users.read.department', '부서 내 사용자 조회'),
+('users.read.organization', '조직 전체 사용자 조회'),
+('users.update', '사용자 정보 수정'),
+('users.update.own', '본인 정보 수정'),
+('users.delete', '사용자 삭제'),
+('users.invite', '사용자 초대'),
+
+-- 조직 관리
+('organizations.read', '조직 조회'),
+('organizations.settings', '조직 설정 관리'),
+
+-- 부서 관리
+('departments.read', '부서 조회'),
+('departments.manage', '부서 관리'),
+
+-- 역할/권한 관리
+('roles.create', '역할 생성'),
+('roles.read', '역할 조회'),
+('roles.update', '역할 수정'),
+('roles.assign', '역할 할당'),
+('permissions.read', '권한 조회'),
+('permissions.assign', '권한 할당'),
+
+-- 트렌드 키워드 관리
+('trends.read', '트렌드 키워드 조회'),
+('trends.create', '트렌드 키워드 등록'),
+('trends.update', '트렌드 키워드 수정'),
+('trends.delete', '트렌드 키워드 삭제'),
+('trends.analyze', '트렌드 분석'),
+
+-- 크롤링 관리
+('crawling.create', '크롤링 작업 생성'),
+('crawling.read', '크롤링 결과 조회'),
+('crawling.update', '크롤링 설정 수정'),
+('crawling.delete', '크롤링 데이터 삭제'),
+('crawling.execute', '크롤링 실행'),
+('crawling.schedule', '크롤링 스케줄 관리'),
+
+-- 콘텐츠 생성
+('content.create', '콘텐츠 생성'),
+('content.read', '콘텐츠 조회'),
+('content.read.own', '본인 콘텐츠만 조회'),
+('content.read.department', '부서 콘텐츠 조회'),
+('content.read.all', '모든 콘텐츠 조회'),
+('content.update', '콘텐츠 수정'),
+('content.delete', '콘텐츠 삭제'),
+('content.publish', '콘텐츠 발행'),
+('content.approve', '콘텐츠 승인'),
+('content.reject', '콘텐츠 거절'),
+
+-- AI 모델 관리
+('ai.models.read', 'AI 모델 조회'),
+('ai.models.create', 'AI 모델 생성'),
+('ai.models.update', 'AI 모델 수정'),
+('ai.models.delete', 'AI 모델 삭제'),
+('ai.models.train', 'AI 모델 학습'),
+('ai.models.deploy', 'AI 모델 배포'),
+
+-- 워크플로우 관리
+('workflows.create', '워크플로우 생성'),
+('workflows.read', '워크플로우 조회'),
+('workflows.update', '워크플로우 수정'),
+('workflows.delete', '워크플로우 삭제'),
+('workflows.execute', '워크플로우 실행'),
+('workflows.schedule', '워크플로우 스케줄링'),
+
+-- 캠페인 관리
+('campaigns.create', '캠페인 생성'),
+('campaigns.read', '캠페인 조회'),
+('campaigns.update', '캠페인 수정'),
+('campaigns.delete', '캠페인 삭제'),
+('campaigns.execute', '캠페인 실행'),
+
+-- 시스템 관리
+('system.health', '시스템 상태 조회'),
+('system.logs', '시스템 로그 조회'),
+('system.backup', '시스템 백업'),
+('system.config', '시스템 설정 관리');
+
+-- 5. icebang 역할들
+INSERT INTO `role` (`organization_id`, `name`, `description`) VALUES
+-- 글로벌 관리자 역할
+(NULL, 'SUPER_ADMIN', '전체 시스템 관리자 - 모든 권한'),
+(NULL, 'ORG_ADMIN', '조직 관리자 - 조직별 모든 권한'),
+
+-- icebang 전용 역할들
+(1, 'AI_ENGINEER', 'AI 개발자 - AI 모델 관리 및 워크플로우'),
+(1, 'DATA_SCIENTIST', '데이터 과학자 - 트렌드 분석 및 데이터 관리'),
+(1, 'CONTENT_MANAGER', '콘텐츠 매니저 - 콘텐츠 생성 및 관리'),
+(1, 'MARKETING_SPECIALIST', '마케팅 전문가 - 캠페인 관리'),
+(1, 'WORKFLOW_ADMIN', '워크플로우 관리자 - 워크플로우 전체 관리'),
+(1, 'CRAWLER_OPERATOR', '크롤링 운영자 - 크롤링 작업 관리'),
+(1, 'BASIC_USER', '기본 사용자 - 기본 조회 권한');
+
+-- 6. icebang 직원들
+INSERT INTO `user` (`name`, `email`, `password`, `status`) VALUES
+('김아이스', 'ice.kim@icebang.site', '$2a$10$encrypted_password_hash1', 'ACTIVE'),
+('박방방', 'bang.park@icebang.site', '$2a$10$encrypted_password_hash2', 'ACTIVE'),
+('이트렌드', 'trend.lee@icebang.site', '$2a$10$encrypted_password_hash3', 'ACTIVE'),
+('정바이럴', 'viral.jung@icebang.site', '$2a$10$encrypted_password_hash4', 'ACTIVE'),
+('최콘텐츠', 'content.choi@icebang.site', '$2a$10$encrypted_password_hash5', 'ACTIVE'),
+('홍크롤러', 'crawler.hong@icebang.site', '$2a$10$encrypted_password_hash6', 'ACTIVE'),
+('서데이터', 'data.seo@icebang.site', '$2a$10$encrypted_password_hash7', 'ACTIVE'),
+('윤워크플로우', 'workflow.yoon@icebang.site', '$2a$10$encrypted_password_hash8', 'ACTIVE'),
+('시스템관리자', 'admin@icebang.site', '$2a$10$encrypted_password_hash9', 'ACTIVE');
+
+-- 7. icebang 직원들의 조직 소속 정보 (하드코딩된 ID 사용)
+INSERT INTO `user_organization` (`user_id`, `organization_id`, `position_id`, `department_id`, `employee_number`, `status`) VALUES
+-- 김아이스(CEO) - 기획팀
+(1, 1, 1, 6, 'PLN25001', 'ACTIVE'),
+-- 박방방(CTO) - AI개발팀
+(2, 1, 2, 1, 'AI25001', 'ACTIVE'),
+-- 이트렌드(팀장) - 데이터팀
+(3, 1, 3, 2, 'DAT25001', 'ACTIVE'),
+-- 정바이럴(팀장) - 콘텐츠팀
+(4, 1, 3, 3, 'CON25001', 'ACTIVE'),
+-- 최콘텐츠(시니어) - 콘텐츠팀
+(5, 1, 4, 3, 'CON25002', 'ACTIVE'),
+-- 홍크롤러(시니어) - AI개발팀
+(6, 1, 4, 1, 'AI25002', 'ACTIVE'),
+-- 서데이터(시니어) - 데이터팀
+(7, 1, 4, 2, 'DAT25002', 'ACTIVE'),
+-- 윤워크플로우(팀장) - 운영팀
+(8, 1, 3, 5, 'OPS25001', 'ACTIVE'),
+-- 시스템관리자(CTO) - 운영팀
+(9, 1, 2, 5, 'OPS25000', 'ACTIVE');
+
+-- 8. 역할별 권한 설정
+
+-- SUPER_ADMIN - 모든 권한 (전역)
+INSERT INTO `role_permission` (`role_id`, `permission_id`)
+SELECT 1, id
+FROM permission;
+
+-- ORG_ADMIN - 조직 관련 모든 권한
+INSERT INTO `role_permission` (`role_id`, `permission_id`)
+SELECT 2, id
+FROM permission
+WHERE resource NOT LIKE 'system.%';
+
+-- AI_ENGINEER - AI 및 워크플로우 권한
+INSERT INTO `role_permission` (`role_id`, `permission_id`)
+SELECT 3, id
+FROM permission
+WHERE resource LIKE 'ai.%'
+   OR resource LIKE 'workflows.%'
+   OR resource LIKE 'crawling.%'
+   OR resource IN ('content.read', 'trends.read');
+
+-- DATA_SCIENTIST - 데이터 및 분석 권한
+INSERT INTO `role_permission` (`role_id`, `permission_id`)
+SELECT 4, id
+FROM permission
+WHERE resource LIKE 'trends.%'
+   OR resource LIKE 'crawling.%'
+   OR resource LIKE 'ai.models.read'
+   OR resource IN ('content.read', 'workflows.read');
+
+-- CONTENT_MANAGER - 콘텐츠 관리 권한
+INSERT INTO `role_permission` (`role_id`, `permission_id`)
+SELECT 5, id
+FROM permission
+WHERE resource LIKE 'content.%'
+   OR resource LIKE 'campaigns.%'
+   OR resource IN ('trends.read', 'workflows.read');
+
+-- MARKETING_SPECIALIST - 마케팅 및 캠페인 권한
+INSERT INTO `role_permission` (`role_id`, `permission_id`)
+SELECT 6, id
+FROM permission
+WHERE resource LIKE 'campaigns.%'
+   OR resource IN ('content.read', 'trends.read', 'users.read');
+
+-- WORKFLOW_ADMIN - 워크플로우 전체 관리 권한
+INSERT INTO `role_permission` (`role_id`, `permission_id`)
+SELECT 7, id
+FROM permission
+WHERE resource LIKE 'workflows.%'
+   OR resource LIKE 'ai.%'
+   OR resource LIKE 'crawling.%'
+   OR resource LIKE 'system.%'
+   OR resource IN ('content.read', 'trends.read');
+
+-- 9. icebang 직원별 역할 할당
+
+-- 김아이스(CEO) - ORG_ADMIN
+INSERT INTO `user_role` (`role_id`, `user_organization_id`) VALUES (2, 1);
+
+-- 박방방(CTO) - AI_ENGINEER + WORKFLOW_ADMIN
+INSERT INTO `user_role` (`role_id`, `user_organization_id`) VALUES (3, 2), (7, 2);
+
+-- 정바이럴(콘텐츠팀장) - CONTENT_MANAGER
+INSERT INTO `user_role` (`role_id`, `user_organization_id`) VALUES (5, 4);
+
+-- 이트렌드(데이터팀장) - DATA_SCIENTIST
+INSERT INTO `user_role` (`role_id`, `user_organization_id`) VALUES (4, 3);
+
+-- 시스템관리자 - SUPER_ADMIN
+INSERT INTO `user_role` (`role_id`, `user_organization_id`) VALUES (1, 9);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/sql/01-insert-internal-users.sql b/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/sql/data/01-insert-internal-users.sql
similarity index 100%
rename from apps/user-service/src/main/resources/sql/01-insert-internal-users.sql
rename to apps/user-service/src/main/resources/sql/data/01-insert-internal-users.sql
diff --git a/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/sql/02-insert-external-users.sql b/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/sql/data/02-insert-external-users.sql
similarity index 100%
rename from apps/user-service/src/main/resources/sql/02-insert-external-users.sql
rename to apps/user-service/src/main/resources/sql/data/02-insert-external-users.sql
diff --git a/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/sql/data/03-insert-workflow-h2.sql b/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/sql/data/03-insert-workflow-h2.sql
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a4d4129b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/sql/data/03-insert-workflow-h2.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+-- ===================================================================
+-- 워크플로우 관련 데이터 초기화 (H2 전용)
+-- ===================================================================
+-- 참조 관계 역순으로 데이터 삭제
+DELETE FROM `schedule`;
+DELETE FROM `job_task`;
+DELETE FROM `workflow_job`;
+DELETE FROM `task`;
+DELETE FROM `job`;
+DELETE FROM `workflow`;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- 워크플로우 정적 데이터 삽입
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- 워크플로우 생성 (ID: 1) - H2에서는 NOW() 사용
+INSERT INTO `workflow` (`id`, `name`, `description`, `created_by`, `default_config`) VALUES
+    (1, '상품 분석 및 블로그 자동 발행', '키워드 검색부터 상품 분석 후 블로그 발행까지의 자동화 프로세스', 1,
+     JSON_OBJECT('1',json_object('tag','naver'),'9',json_object('tag','blogger','blog_id', '', 'blog_pw', '')))
+ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE
+                     name = VALUES(name),
+                     description = VALUES(description),
+                     updated_at = NOW();
+-- Job 생성 (ID: 1, 2) - H2에서는 NOW() 사용
+INSERT INTO `job` (`id`, `name`, `description`, `created_by`) VALUES
+                                                                  (1, '상품 분석', '키워드 검색, 상품 크롤링 및 유사도 분석 작업', 1),
+                                                                  (2, '블로그 콘텐츠 생성', '분석 데이터를 기반으로 RAG 콘텐츠 생성 및 발행 작업', 1)
+    ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE name = VALUES(name), description = VALUES(description), updated_at = NOW();
+
+-- Task 생성 (ID: 1 ~ 9) - H2에서는 NOW() 사용
+INSERT INTO `task` (`id`, `name`, `type`, `parameters`) VALUES
+                                                            (1, '키워드 검색 태스크', 'FastAPI', JSON_OBJECT(
+                                                                    'endpoint', '/keywords/search', 'method', 'POST',
+                                                                    'body', JSON_OBJECT('tag', 'String') -- { "tag": str }
+                                                                                         )),
+                                                            (2, '상품 검색 태스크', 'FastAPI', JSON_OBJECT(
+                                                                    'endpoint', '/products/search', 'method', 'POST',
+                                                                    'body', JSON_OBJECT('keyword', 'String') -- { "keyword": str }
+                                                                                        )),
+                                                            (3, '상품 매칭 태스크', 'FastAPI', JSON_OBJECT(
+                                                                    'endpoint', '/products/match', 'method', 'POST',
+                                                                    'body', JSON_OBJECT( -- { keyword: str, search_results: List }
+                                                                            'keyword', 'String',
+                                                                            'search_results', 'List'
+                                                                            )
+                                                                                        )),
+                                                            (4, '상품 유사도 분석 태스크', 'FastAPI', JSON_OBJECT(
+                                                                    'endpoint', '/products/similarity', 'method', 'POST',
+                                                                    'body', JSON_OBJECT( -- { keyword: str, matched_products: List, search_results: List }
+                                                                            'keyword', 'String',
+                                                                            'matched_products', 'List',
+                                                                            'search_results', 'List'
+                                                                            )
+                                                                                            )),
+                                                            (5, '상품 정보 크롤링 태스크', 'FastAPI', JSON_OBJECT(
+                                                                    'endpoint', '/products/crawl', 'method', 'POST',
+                                                                    'body', JSON_OBJECT('product_urls', 'List') -- { "product_urls": List[str] } 수정됨
+                                                                                            )),
+                                                            (6, 'S3 업로드 태스크', 'FastAPI', JSON_OBJECT(
+                                                                    'endpoint', '/products/s3-upload', 'method', 'POST',
+                                                                    'body', JSON_OBJECT( -- { keyword: str, crawled_products: List, base_folder: str }
+                                                                            'keyword', 'String',
+                                                                            'crawled_products', 'List',
+                                                                            'base_folder', 'String'
+                                                                            )
+                                                                                         )),
+                                                            (7, '상품 선택 태스크', 'FastAPI', JSON_OBJECT(
+                                                                    'endpoint', '/products/select', 'method', 'POST',
+                                                                    'body', JSON_OBJECT( -- { task_run_id: int, selection_criteria: str }
+                                                                            'task_run_id', 'Integer',
+                                                                            'selection_criteria', 'String'
+                                                                            )
+                                                                                        )),
+                                                            -- RAG관련 request body는 추후에 결정될 예정
+                                                            (8, '블로그 RAG 생성 태스크', 'FastAPI', JSON_OBJECT('endpoint', '/blogs/rag/create', 'method', 'POST')),
+                                                            (9, '블로그 발행 태스크', 'FastAPI', JSON_OBJECT(
+                                                                    'endpoint', '/blogs/publish', 'method', 'POST',
+                                                                    'body', JSON_OBJECT( -- { tag: str, blog_id: str, ... }
+                                                                            'tag', 'String',
+                                                                            'blog_id', 'String',
+                                                                            'blog_pw', 'String',
+                                                                            'blog_name', 'String',
+                                                                            'post_title', 'String',
+                                                                            'post_content', 'String',
+                                                                            'post_tags', 'List'
+                                                                            )
+                                                                                         ))
+    ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE name = VALUES(name), type = VALUES(type), parameters = VALUES(parameters), updated_at = NOW();
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- 워크플로우 구조 및 스케줄 데이터 삽입
+-- ===================================================================
+-- 워크플로우-Job 연결
+INSERT INTO `workflow_job` (`workflow_id`, `job_id`, `execution_order`) VALUES
+                                                                            (1, 1, 1),
+                                                                            (1, 2, 2)
+    ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE execution_order = VALUES(execution_order);
+
+-- Job-Task 연결
+INSERT INTO `job_task` (`job_id`, `task_id`, `execution_order`) VALUES
+                                                                    -- Job 1: 상품 분석 (키워드검색 → 상품검색 → 매칭 → 유사도 → 크롤링 → S3업로드 → 상품선택)
+                                                                    (1, 1, 1), (1, 2, 2), (1, 3, 3), (1, 4, 4), (1, 5, 5), (1, 6, 6), (1, 7, 7),
+                                                                    -- Job 2: 블로그 콘텐츠 생성 (RAG생성 → 발행)
+                                                                    (2, 8, 1), (2, 9, 2)
+    ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE execution_order = VALUES(execution_order);
+
+-- 스케줄 설정 (매일 오전 8시) - H2에서는 NOW() 사용
+INSERT INTO `schedule` (`workflow_id`, `cron_expression`, `is_active`, `created_by`) VALUES
+    (1, '0 0 8 * * ?', TRUE, 1)
+    ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE cron_expression = VALUES(cron_expression), is_active = VALUES(is_active), updated_at = NOW();
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/sql/03-insert-workflow.sql b/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/sql/data/03-insert-workflow.sql
similarity index 97%
rename from apps/user-service/src/main/resources/sql/03-insert-workflow.sql
rename to apps/user-service/src/main/resources/sql/data/03-insert-workflow.sql
index 379140b5..e7e28042 100644
--- a/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/sql/03-insert-workflow.sql
+++ b/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/sql/data/03-insert-workflow.sql
@@ -20,12 +20,12 @@ INSERT INTO `workflow` (`id`, `name`, `description`, `created_by`, `default_conf
 ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE
                      name = VALUES(name),
                      description = VALUES(description),
-                     updated_at = NOW();
+                     updated_at = UTC_TIMESTAMP();
 -- Job 생성 (ID: 1, 2)
 INSERT INTO `job` (`id`, `name`, `description`, `created_by`) VALUES
                                                                   (1, '상품 분석', '키워드 검색, 상품 크롤링 및 유사도 분석 작업', 1),
                                                                   (2, '블로그 콘텐츠 생성', '분석 데이터를 기반으로 RAG 콘텐츠 생성 및 발행 작업', 1)
-    ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE name = VALUES(name), description = VALUES(description), updated_at = NOW();
+    ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE name = VALUES(name), description = VALUES(description), updated_at = UTC_TIMESTAMP();
 
 -- Task 생성 (ID: 1 ~ 9)
 INSERT INTO `task` (`id`, `name`, `type`, `parameters`) VALUES
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ INSERT INTO `task` (`id`, `name`, `type`, `parameters`) VALUES
                                                                             'post_tags', 'List'
                                                                             )
                                                                                          ))
-    ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE name = VALUES(name), type = VALUES(type), parameters = VALUES(parameters), updated_at = NOW();
+    ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE name = VALUES(name), type = VALUES(type), parameters = VALUES(parameters), updated_at = UTC_TIMESTAMP();
 
 -- ===================================================================
 -- 워크플로우 구조 및 스케줄 데이터 삽입
@@ -107,4 +107,4 @@ INSERT INTO `job_task` (`job_id`, `task_id`, `execution_order`) VALUES
 -- 스케줄 설정 (매일 오전 8시)
 INSERT INTO `schedule` (`workflow_id`, `cron_expression`, `is_active`, `created_by`) VALUES
     (1, '0 0 8 * * ?', TRUE, 1)
-    ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE cron_expression = VALUES(cron_expression), is_active = VALUES(is_active), updated_at = NOW();
\ No newline at end of file
+    ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE cron_expression = VALUES(cron_expression), is_active = VALUES(is_active), updated_at = UTC_TIMESTAMP();
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/sql/data/04-insert-workflow-history-h2.sql b/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/sql/data/04-insert-workflow-history-h2.sql
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fbff73da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/sql/data/04-insert-workflow-history-h2.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+-- ===================================================================
+-- 워크플로우 히스토리 테스트용 데이터 삽입 (H2 전용)
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- 기존 실행 데이터 삭제 (참조 순서 고려)
+DELETE FROM `task_run` WHERE id = 1;
+DELETE FROM `job_run` WHERE id = 1;
+DELETE FROM `workflow_run` WHERE id = 1;
+
+-- AUTO_INCREMENT 초기화
+ALTER TABLE `task_run` AUTO_INCREMENT = 1;
+ALTER TABLE `job_run` AUTO_INCREMENT = 1;
+ALTER TABLE `workflow_run` AUTO_INCREMENT = 1;
+
+-- 워크플로우 실행 데이터 삽입 (workflow_run)
+INSERT INTO `workflow_run` (
+    `workflow_id`,
+    `trace_id`,
+    `run_number`,
+    `status`,
+    `trigger_type`,
+    `started_at`,
+    `finished_at`,
+    `created_by`
+) VALUES (
+             1,
+             '3e3c832d-b51f-48ea-95f9-98f0ae6d3413',
+             NULL,
+             'FAILED',
+             NULL,
+             '2025-09-22 18:18:43',
+             '2025-09-22 18:18:44',
+             NULL
+         );
+
+-- Job 실행 데이터 삽입 (job_run) - H2에서는 NOW() 사용
+INSERT INTO `job_run` (
+    `id`,
+    `workflow_run_id`,
+    `job_id`,
+    `status`,
+    `execution_order`,
+    `started_at`,
+    `finished_at`,
+    `created_at`
+) VALUES (
+             1,
+             1,
+             1,
+             'FAILED',
+             NULL,
+             '2025-09-22 18:18:44',
+             '2025-09-22 18:18:44',
+             NOW()
+         );
+
+-- Task 실행 데이터 삽입 (task_run) - H2에서는 NOW() 사용
+INSERT INTO `task_run` (
+    `id`,
+    `job_run_id`,
+    `task_id`,
+    `status`,
+    `execution_order`,
+    `started_at`,
+    `finished_at`,
+    `created_at`
+) VALUES (
+             1,
+             1,
+             1,
+             'FAILED',
+             NULL,
+             '2025-09-22 18:18:44',
+             '2025-09-22 18:18:44',
+             NOW()
+         );
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/sql/04-insert-workflow-history.sql b/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/sql/data/04-insert-workflow-history.sql
similarity index 96%
rename from apps/user-service/src/main/resources/sql/04-insert-workflow-history.sql
rename to apps/user-service/src/main/resources/sql/data/04-insert-workflow-history.sql
index 814c3b5b..d45f9534 100644
--- a/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/sql/04-insert-workflow-history.sql
+++ b/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/sql/data/04-insert-workflow-history.sql
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ INSERT INTO `job_run` (
              NULL,
              '2025-09-22 18:18:44',
              '2025-09-22 18:18:44',
-             NOW()
+             UTC_TIMESTAMP()
          );
 
 -- Task 실행 데이터 삽입 (task_run)
@@ -72,5 +72,5 @@ INSERT INTO `task_run` (
              NULL,
              '2025-09-22 18:18:44',
              '2025-09-22 18:18:44',
-             NOW()
+             UTC_TIMESTAMP()
          );
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/sql/data/05-fix-timezone-data-h2.sql b/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/sql/data/05-fix-timezone-data-h2.sql
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..dbdf155a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/sql/data/05-fix-timezone-data-h2.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+-- ===================================================================
+-- 기존 서버 데이터의 시간대 보정 (KST → UTC 변환) - H2 전용
+-- ===================================================================
+-- 이 스크립트는 서버에 올라가 있는 기존 더미데이터들의 시간을 UTC로 변환합니다.
+-- 한국시간(KST, +09:00)으로 저장된 데이터를 UTC(+00:00)로 변환
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- 1. 워크플로우 실행 관련 테이블
+-- ===================================================================
+
+-- workflow_run 테이블 시간 보정 (H2에서는 테이블이 없을 수 있으므로 조건부 실행)
+-- UPDATE `workflow_run` SET
+--     started_at = CASE
+--         WHEN started_at IS NOT NULL THEN DATEADD('HOUR', -9, started_at)
+--         ELSE NULL
+--     END,
+--     finished_at = CASE
+--         WHEN finished_at IS NOT NULL THEN DATEADD('HOUR', -9, finished_at)
+--         ELSE NULL
+--     END,
+--     created_at = CASE
+--         WHEN created_at IS NOT NULL THEN DATEADD('HOUR', -9, created_at)
+--         ELSE NULL
+--     END
+-- WHERE started_at IS NOT NULL
+--    OR finished_at IS NOT NULL
+--    OR created_at IS NOT NULL;
+
+-- ===================================================================
+-- 완료 메시지
+-- ===================================================================
+-- 이 스크립트 실행 후 모든 시간 데이터가 UTC 기준으로 변환됩니다.
+-- 애플리케이션에서 Instant를 사용하여 UTC 시간으로 처리됩니다.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/sql/data/05-fix-timezone-data.sql b/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/sql/data/05-fix-timezone-data.sql
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..be6fdc57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/sql/data/05-fix-timezone-data.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,250 @@
+# -- ===================================================================
+# -- 기존 서버 데이터의 시간대 보정 (KST → UTC 변환)
+# -- ===================================================================
+# -- 이 스크립트는 서버에 올라가 있는 기존 더미데이터들의 시간을 UTC로 변환합니다.
+# -- 한국시간(KST, +09:00)으로 저장된 데이터를 UTC(+00:00)로 변환
+#
+# -- ===================================================================
+# -- 1. 워크플로우 실행 관련 테이블
+# -- ===================================================================
+#
+# -- workflow_run 테이블 시간 보정
+# UPDATE `workflow_run` SET
+#     started_at = CASE
+#         WHEN started_at IS NOT NULL THEN DATE_SUB(started_at, INTERVAL 9 HOUR)
+#         ELSE NULL
+#     END,
+#     finished_at = CASE
+#         WHEN finished_at IS NOT NULL THEN DATE_SUB(finished_at, INTERVAL 9 HOUR)
+#         ELSE NULL
+#     END,
+#     created_at = CASE
+#         WHEN created_at IS NOT NULL THEN DATE_SUB(created_at, INTERVAL 9 HOUR)
+#         ELSE NULL
+#     END
+# WHERE started_at IS NOT NULL
+#    OR finished_at IS NOT NULL
+#    OR created_at IS NOT NULL;
+#
+# -- job_run 테이블 시간 보정
+# UPDATE `job_run` SET
+#     started_at = CASE
+#         WHEN started_at IS NOT NULL THEN DATE_SUB(started_at, INTERVAL 9 HOUR)
+#         ELSE NULL
+#     END,
+#     finished_at = CASE
+#         WHEN finished_at IS NOT NULL THEN DATE_SUB(finished_at, INTERVAL 9 HOUR)
+#         ELSE NULL
+#     END,
+#     created_at = CASE
+#         WHEN created_at IS NOT NULL THEN DATE_SUB(created_at, INTERVAL 9 HOUR)
+#         ELSE NULL
+#     END
+# WHERE started_at IS NOT NULL
+#    OR finished_at IS NOT NULL
+#    OR created_at IS NOT NULL;
+#
+# -- task_run 테이블 시간 보정
+# UPDATE `task_run` SET
+#     started_at = CASE
+#         WHEN started_at IS NOT NULL THEN DATE_SUB(started_at, INTERVAL 9 HOUR)
+#         ELSE NULL
+#     END,
+#     finished_at = CASE
+#         WHEN finished_at IS NOT NULL THEN DATE_SUB(finished_at, INTERVAL 9 HOUR)
+#         ELSE NULL
+#     END,
+#     created_at = CASE
+#         WHEN created_at IS NOT NULL THEN DATE_SUB(created_at, INTERVAL 9 HOUR)
+#         ELSE NULL
+#     END
+# WHERE started_at IS NOT NULL
+#    OR finished_at IS NOT NULL
+#    OR created_at IS NOT NULL;
+#
+# -- ===================================================================
+# -- 2. 마스터 데이터 테이블들
+# -- ===================================================================
+#
+# -- workflow 테이블 시간 보정
+# UPDATE `workflow` SET
+#     created_at = CASE
+#         WHEN created_at IS NOT NULL THEN DATE_SUB(created_at, INTERVAL 9 HOUR)
+#         ELSE NULL
+#     END,
+#     updated_at = CASE
+#         WHEN updated_at IS NOT NULL THEN DATE_SUB(updated_at, INTERVAL 9 HOUR)
+#         ELSE NULL
+#     END
+# WHERE created_at IS NOT NULL
+#    OR updated_at IS NOT NULL;
+#
+# -- job 테이블 시간 보정
+# UPDATE `job` SET
+#     created_at = CASE
+#         WHEN created_at IS NOT NULL THEN DATE_SUB(created_at, INTERVAL 9 HOUR)
+#         ELSE NULL
+#     END,
+#     updated_at = CASE
+#         WHEN updated_at IS NOT NULL THEN DATE_SUB(updated_at, INTERVAL 9 HOUR)
+#         ELSE NULL
+#     END
+# WHERE created_at IS NOT NULL
+#    OR updated_at IS NOT NULL;
+#
+# -- task 테이블 시간 보정
+# UPDATE `task` SET
+#     created_at = CASE
+#         WHEN created_at IS NOT NULL THEN DATE_SUB(created_at, INTERVAL 9 HOUR)
+#         ELSE NULL
+#     END,
+#     updated_at = CASE
+#         WHEN updated_at IS NOT NULL THEN DATE_SUB(updated_at, INTERVAL 9 HOUR)
+#         ELSE NULL
+#     END
+# WHERE created_at IS NOT NULL
+#    OR updated_at IS NOT NULL;
+#
+# -- schedule 테이블 시간 보정
+# UPDATE `schedule` SET
+#     last_run_at = CASE
+#         WHEN last_run_at IS NOT NULL THEN DATE_SUB(last_run_at, INTERVAL 9 HOUR)
+#         ELSE NULL
+#     END,
+#     created_at = CASE
+#         WHEN created_at IS NOT NULL THEN DATE_SUB(created_at, INTERVAL 9 HOUR)
+#         ELSE NULL
+#     END,
+#     updated_at = CASE
+#         WHEN updated_at IS NOT NULL THEN DATE_SUB(updated_at, INTERVAL 9 HOUR)
+#         ELSE NULL
+#     END
+# WHERE last_run_at IS NOT NULL
+#    OR created_at IS NOT NULL
+#    OR updated_at IS NOT NULL;
+#
+# -- ===================================================================
+# -- 3. 사용자 관련 테이블들
+# -- ===================================================================
+#
+# -- user 테이블 시간 보정
+# UPDATE `user` SET
+#     created_at = CASE
+#         WHEN created_at IS NOT NULL THEN DATE_SUB(created_at, INTERVAL 9 HOUR)
+#         ELSE NULL
+#     END,
+#     updated_at = CASE
+#         WHEN updated_at IS NOT NULL THEN DATE_SUB(updated_at, INTERVAL 9 HOUR)
+#         ELSE NULL
+#     END,
+#     joined_at = CASE
+#         WHEN joined_at IS NOT NULL THEN DATE_SUB(joined_at, INTERVAL 9 HOUR)
+#         ELSE NULL
+#     END
+# WHERE created_at IS NOT NULL
+#    OR updated_at IS NOT NULL
+#    OR joined_at IS NOT NULL;
+#
+# -- user_organization 테이블 시간 보정
+# UPDATE `user_organization` SET
+#     created_at = CASE
+#         WHEN created_at IS NOT NULL THEN DATE_SUB(created_at, INTERVAL 9 HOUR)
+#         ELSE NULL
+#     END,
+#     updated_at = CASE
+#         WHEN updated_at IS NOT NULL THEN DATE_SUB(updated_at, INTERVAL 9 HOUR)
+#         ELSE NULL
+#     END
+# WHERE created_at IS NOT NULL
+#    OR updated_at IS NOT NULL;
+#
+# -- organization 테이블 시간 보정
+# UPDATE `organization` SET
+#     created_at = CASE
+#         WHEN created_at IS NOT NULL THEN DATE_SUB(created_at, INTERVAL 9 HOUR)
+#         ELSE NULL
+#     END,
+#     updated_at = CASE
+#         WHEN updated_at IS NOT NULL THEN DATE_SUB(updated_at, INTERVAL 9 HOUR)
+#         ELSE NULL
+#     END
+# WHERE created_at IS NOT NULL
+#    OR updated_at IS NOT NULL;
+#
+# -- ===================================================================
+# -- 4. 기타 시스템 테이블들
+# -- ===================================================================
+#
+# -- permission 테이블 시간 보정
+# UPDATE `permission` SET
+#     created_at = CASE
+#         WHEN created_at IS NOT NULL THEN DATE_SUB(created_at, INTERVAL 9 HOUR)
+#         ELSE NULL
+#     END,
+#     updated_at = CASE
+#         WHEN updated_at IS NOT NULL THEN DATE_SUB(updated_at, INTERVAL 9 HOUR)
+#         ELSE NULL
+#     END
+# WHERE created_at IS NOT NULL
+#    OR updated_at IS NOT NULL;
+#
+# -- execution_log 테이블 시간 보정
+# UPDATE `execution_log` SET
+#     executed_at = CASE
+#         WHEN executed_at IS NOT NULL THEN DATE_SUB(executed_at, INTERVAL 9 HOUR)
+#         ELSE NULL
+#     END,
+#     reserved5 = CASE
+#         WHEN reserved5 IS NOT NULL THEN DATE_SUB(reserved5, INTERVAL 9 HOUR)
+#         ELSE NULL
+#     END
+# WHERE executed_at IS NOT NULL
+#    OR reserved5 IS NOT NULL;
+#
+# -- task_io_data 테이블 시간 보정
+# UPDATE `task_io_data` SET
+#     created_at = CASE
+#         WHEN created_at IS NOT NULL THEN DATE_SUB(created_at, INTERVAL 9 HOUR)
+#         ELSE NULL
+#     END
+# WHERE created_at IS NOT NULL;
+#
+# -- config 테이블 시간 보정
+# UPDATE `config` SET
+#     created_at = CASE
+#         WHEN created_at IS NOT NULL THEN DATE_SUB(created_at, INTERVAL 9 HOUR)
+#         ELSE NULL
+#     END
+# WHERE created_at IS NOT NULL;
+#
+# -- category 테이블 시간 보정
+# UPDATE `category` SET
+#     created_at = CASE
+#         WHEN created_at IS NOT NULL THEN DATE_SUB(created_at, INTERVAL 9 HOUR)
+#         ELSE NULL
+#     END,
+#     updated_at = CASE
+#         WHEN updated_at IS NOT NULL THEN DATE_SUB(updated_at, INTERVAL 9 HOUR)
+#         ELSE NULL
+#     END
+# WHERE created_at IS NOT NULL
+#    OR updated_at IS NOT NULL;
+#
+# -- user_config 테이블 시간 보정
+# UPDATE `user_config` SET
+#     created_at = CASE
+#         WHEN created_at IS NOT NULL THEN DATE_SUB(created_at, INTERVAL 9 HOUR)
+#         ELSE NULL
+#     END,
+#     updated_at = CASE
+#         WHEN updated_at IS NOT NULL THEN DATE_SUB(updated_at, INTERVAL 9 HOUR)
+#         ELSE NULL
+#     END
+# WHERE created_at IS NOT NULL
+#    OR updated_at IS NOT NULL;
+#
+# -- ===================================================================
+# -- 완료 메시지
+# -- ===================================================================
+# -- 이 스크립트 실행 후 모든 시간 데이터가 UTC 기준으로 변환됩니다.
+# -- 애플리케이션에서 Instant를 사용하여 UTC 시간으로 처리됩니다.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/sql/00-drop-h2.sql b/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/sql/schema/00-drop-h2.sql
similarity index 100%
rename from apps/user-service/src/main/resources/sql/00-drop-h2.sql
rename to apps/user-service/src/main/resources/sql/schema/00-drop-h2.sql
diff --git a/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/sql/00-drop-maria.sql b/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/sql/schema/00-drop-maria.sql
similarity index 100%
rename from apps/user-service/src/main/resources/sql/00-drop-maria.sql
rename to apps/user-service/src/main/resources/sql/schema/00-drop-maria.sql
diff --git a/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/sql/01-schema.sql b/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/sql/schema/01-schema.sql
similarity index 100%
rename from apps/user-service/src/main/resources/sql/01-schema.sql
rename to apps/user-service/src/main/resources/sql/schema/01-schema.sql
diff --git a/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/sql/02-quartz-schema.sql b/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/sql/schema/02-quartz-schema.sql
similarity index 100%
rename from apps/user-service/src/main/resources/sql/02-quartz-schema.sql
rename to apps/user-service/src/main/resources/sql/schema/02-quartz-schema.sql
diff --git a/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/sql/schema/03-schema-h2-timezone.sql b/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/sql/schema/03-schema-h2-timezone.sql
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3ae6c57b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/sql/schema/03-schema-h2-timezone.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+-- ===================================================================
+-- H2 전용 UTC Timezone 처리를 위한 스키마 수정 (v0.5)
+-- ===================================================================
+-- H2 데이터베이스는 MariaDB와 다른 문법을 사용하므로 별도 처리
+
+-- 모든 timestamp 컬럼의 기본값 제거 (H2에서는 MODIFY COLUMN 문법이 다름)
+-- H2에서는 ALTER TABLE table_name ALTER COLUMN column_name 문법 사용
+-- H2 MariaDB 모드에서는 백틱으로 테이블명을 감싸야 함
+
+ALTER TABLE `permission` ALTER COLUMN created_at SET DEFAULT NULL;
+ALTER TABLE `permission` ALTER COLUMN updated_at SET DEFAULT NULL;
+
+ALTER TABLE `organization` ALTER COLUMN created_at SET DEFAULT NULL;
+ALTER TABLE `organization` ALTER COLUMN updated_at SET DEFAULT NULL;
+
+ALTER TABLE `user` ALTER COLUMN created_at SET DEFAULT NULL;
+ALTER TABLE `user` ALTER COLUMN updated_at SET DEFAULT NULL;
+ALTER TABLE `user` ALTER COLUMN joined_at SET DEFAULT NULL;
+
+ALTER TABLE `user_organization` ALTER COLUMN created_at SET DEFAULT NULL;
+ALTER TABLE `user_organization` ALTER COLUMN updated_at SET DEFAULT NULL;
+
+ALTER TABLE `workflow` ALTER COLUMN created_at SET DEFAULT NULL;
+ALTER TABLE `workflow` ALTER COLUMN updated_at SET DEFAULT NULL;
+
+ALTER TABLE `schedule` ALTER COLUMN last_run_at SET DEFAULT NULL;
+ALTER TABLE `schedule` ALTER COLUMN created_at SET DEFAULT NULL;
+ALTER TABLE `schedule` ALTER COLUMN updated_at SET DEFAULT NULL;
+
+ALTER TABLE `job` ALTER COLUMN created_at SET DEFAULT NULL;
+ALTER TABLE `job` ALTER COLUMN updated_at SET DEFAULT NULL;
+
+ALTER TABLE `task` ALTER COLUMN created_at SET DEFAULT NULL;
+ALTER TABLE `task` ALTER COLUMN updated_at SET DEFAULT NULL;
+
+ALTER TABLE `execution_log` ALTER COLUMN executed_at SET DEFAULT NULL;
+ALTER TABLE `execution_log` ALTER COLUMN reserved5 SET DEFAULT NULL;
+
+ALTER TABLE `task_io_data` ALTER COLUMN created_at SET DEFAULT NULL;
+
+-- config 테이블이 존재하는지 확인 후 ALTER 실행
+-- ALTER TABLE `config` ALTER COLUMN created_at SET DEFAULT NULL;
+
+ALTER TABLE `category` ALTER COLUMN created_at SET DEFAULT NULL;
+ALTER TABLE `category` ALTER COLUMN updated_at SET DEFAULT NULL;
+
+ALTER TABLE `user_config` ALTER COLUMN created_at SET DEFAULT NULL;
+ALTER TABLE `user_config` ALTER COLUMN updated_at SET DEFAULT NULL;
+
+-- 워크플로우 실행 테이블들 (기본값이 이미 NULL이므로 변경 불필요)
+-- workflow_run, job_run, task_run 테이블은 이미 DEFAULT 값이 없음
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/sql/schema/03-schema-mariadb-timezone.sql b/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/sql/schema/03-schema-mariadb-timezone.sql
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..23f7f112
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/user-service/src/main/resources/sql/schema/03-schema-mariadb-timezone.sql
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+-- ===================================================================
+-- MariaDB 전용 UTC Timezone 처리를 위한 스키마 수정 (v0.5)
+-- ===================================================================
+-- MariaDB에서는 UTC_TIMESTAMP() 함수를 사용할 수 있지만,
+-- 애플리케이션에서 Instant로 처리하므로 기본값을 제거
+
+-- 모든 timestamp 컬럼의 기본값을 UTC 기준으로 변경
+ALTER TABLE `permission` MODIFY COLUMN created_at timestamp NULL;
+ALTER TABLE `permission` MODIFY COLUMN updated_at timestamp NULL;
+
+ALTER TABLE `organization` MODIFY COLUMN created_at timestamp NULL;
+ALTER TABLE `organization` MODIFY COLUMN updated_at timestamp NULL;
+
+ALTER TABLE `user` MODIFY COLUMN created_at timestamp NULL;
+ALTER TABLE `user` MODIFY COLUMN updated_at timestamp NULL;
+ALTER TABLE `user` MODIFY COLUMN joined_at timestamp NULL;
+
+ALTER TABLE `user_organization` MODIFY COLUMN created_at timestamp NULL;
+ALTER TABLE `user_organization` MODIFY COLUMN updated_at timestamp NULL;
+
+ALTER TABLE `workflow` MODIFY COLUMN created_at timestamp NULL;
+ALTER TABLE `workflow` MODIFY COLUMN updated_at timestamp NULL;
+
+ALTER TABLE `schedule` MODIFY COLUMN last_run_at timestamp NULL;
+ALTER TABLE `schedule` MODIFY COLUMN created_at timestamp NULL;
+ALTER TABLE `schedule` MODIFY COLUMN updated_at timestamp NULL;
+
+ALTER TABLE `job` MODIFY COLUMN created_at timestamp NULL;
+ALTER TABLE `job` MODIFY COLUMN updated_at timestamp NULL;
+
+ALTER TABLE `task` MODIFY COLUMN created_at timestamp NULL;
+ALTER TABLE `task` MODIFY COLUMN updated_at timestamp NULL;
+
+ALTER TABLE `execution_log` MODIFY COLUMN executed_at timestamp NULL;
+ALTER TABLE `execution_log` MODIFY COLUMN reserved5 timestamp NULL;
+
+ALTER TABLE `task_io_data` MODIFY COLUMN created_at timestamp NULL;
+
+-- config 테이블이 존재하지 않아 ALTER 실행 불가
+-- ALTER TABLE `config` MODIFY COLUMN created_at timestamp NULL;
+
+ALTER TABLE `category` MODIFY COLUMN created_at timestamp NULL;
+ALTER TABLE `category` MODIFY COLUMN updated_at timestamp NULL;
+
+ALTER TABLE `user_config` MODIFY COLUMN created_at timestamp NULL;
+ALTER TABLE `user_config` MODIFY COLUMN updated_at timestamp NULL;
+
+-- 워크플로우 실행 테이블 (이미 DEFAULT 값이 없으므로 변경 불필요)
+-- workflow_run, job_run, task_run 테이블들은 기본값이 이미 적절히 설정됨
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apps/user-service/src/test/java/site/icebang/e2e/scenario/UserLogoutFlowE2eTest.java b/apps/user-service/src/test/java/site/icebang/e2e/scenario/UserLogoutFlowE2eTest.java
index 67e6820a..636b3455 100644
--- a/apps/user-service/src/test/java/site/icebang/e2e/scenario/UserLogoutFlowE2eTest.java
+++ b/apps/user-service/src/test/java/site/icebang/e2e/scenario/UserLogoutFlowE2eTest.java
@@ -15,7 +15,10 @@
 import site.icebang.e2e.setup.support.E2eTestSupport;
 
 @Sql(
-    value = {"classpath:sql/00-truncate.sql", "classpath:sql/01-insert-internal-users.sql"},
+    value = {
+      "classpath:sql/data/00-truncate.sql",
+      "classpath:sql/data/01-insert-internal-users.sql"
+    },
     executionPhase = Sql.ExecutionPhase.BEFORE_TEST_CLASS)
 @DisplayName("사용자 로그아웃 플로우 E2E 테스트")
 @E2eTest
diff --git a/apps/user-service/src/test/java/site/icebang/e2e/scenario/UserRegistrationFlowE2eTest.java b/apps/user-service/src/test/java/site/icebang/e2e/scenario/UserRegistrationFlowE2eTest.java
index 1bc1903b..fd3eee60 100644
--- a/apps/user-service/src/test/java/site/icebang/e2e/scenario/UserRegistrationFlowE2eTest.java
+++ b/apps/user-service/src/test/java/site/icebang/e2e/scenario/UserRegistrationFlowE2eTest.java
@@ -15,7 +15,10 @@
 import site.icebang.e2e.setup.support.E2eTestSupport;
 
 @Sql(
-    value = {"classpath:sql/00-truncate.sql", "classpath:sql/01-insert-internal-users.sql"},
+    value = {
+      "classpath:sql/data/00-truncate.sql",
+      "classpath:sql/data/01-insert-internal-users.sql"
+    },
     executionPhase = Sql.ExecutionPhase.BEFORE_TEST_CLASS)
 @DisplayName("사용자 등록 플로우 E2E 테스트")
 class UserRegistrationFlowE2eTest extends E2eTestSupport {
diff --git a/apps/user-service/src/test/java/site/icebang/e2e/scenario/WorkflowCreateFlowE2eTest.java b/apps/user-service/src/test/java/site/icebang/e2e/scenario/WorkflowCreateFlowE2eTest.java
index 115bec64..3d5ca4b8 100644
--- a/apps/user-service/src/test/java/site/icebang/e2e/scenario/WorkflowCreateFlowE2eTest.java
+++ b/apps/user-service/src/test/java/site/icebang/e2e/scenario/WorkflowCreateFlowE2eTest.java
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
 
+import java.time.Instant;
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.Map;
 
@@ -14,7 +15,10 @@
 import site.icebang.e2e.setup.support.E2eTestSupport;
 
 @Sql(
-    value = {"classpath:sql/00-truncate.sql", "classpath:sql/01-insert-internal-users.sql"},
+    value = {
+      "classpath:sql/data/00-truncate.sql",
+      "classpath:sql/data/01-insert-internal-users.sql"
+    },
     executionPhase = Sql.ExecutionPhase.BEFORE_TEST_CLASS)
 @DisplayName("워크플로우 생성 플로우 E2E 테스트")
 @E2eTest
@@ -216,4 +220,80 @@ private void performUserLogin() {
 
     logSuccess("사용자 로그인 완료");
   }
+
+  @Test
+  @DisplayName("워크플로우 생성 시 UTC 시간 기반으로 생성 시간이 저장되는지 검증")
+  void createWorkflow_utc_time_validation() throws Exception {
+    logStep(1, "사용자 로그인");
+    performUserLogin();
+
+    logStep(2, "워크플로우 생성 전 현재 시간 기록 (UTC 기준)");
+    Instant beforeCreate = Instant.now();
+
+    logStep(3, "워크플로우 생성");
+    Map<String, Object> workflowRequest = new HashMap<>();
+    workflowRequest.put("name", "UTC 시간 검증 워크플로우");
+    workflowRequest.put("description", "UTC 시간대 보장을 위한 테스트 워크플로우");
+    workflowRequest.put("search_platform", "naver");
+    workflowRequest.put("is_enabled", true);
+
+    HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
+    headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
+
+    HttpEntity<Map<String, Object>> entity = new HttpEntity<>(workflowRequest, headers);
+
+    ResponseEntity<Map> createResponse =
+        restTemplate.postForEntity(getV0ApiUrl("/workflows"), entity, Map.class);
+
+    assertThat(createResponse.getStatusCode()).isEqualTo(HttpStatus.CREATED);
+    assertThat((Boolean) createResponse.getBody().get("success")).isTrue();
+
+    logStep(4, "생성 직후 시간 기록 (UTC 기준)");
+    Instant afterCreate = Instant.now();
+
+    logStep(5, "생성된 워크플로우 목록 조회하여 시간 검증");
+    ResponseEntity<Map> listResponse =
+        restTemplate.getForEntity(getV0ApiUrl("/workflows"), Map.class);
+
+    assertThat(listResponse.getStatusCode()).isEqualTo(HttpStatus.OK);
+    assertThat((Boolean) listResponse.getBody().get("success")).isTrue();
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    Map<String, Object> data = (Map<String, Object>) listResponse.getBody().get("data");
+
+    logDebug("API 응답 구조: " + data);
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
+    java.util.List<Map<String, Object>> workflows =
+        (java.util.List<Map<String, Object>>) data.get("data");
+
+    assertThat(workflows).isNotNull();
+
+    // 생성된 워크플로우 찾기
+    Map<String, Object> createdWorkflow =
+        workflows.stream()
+            .filter(w -> "UTC 시간 검증 워크플로우".equals(w.get("name")))
+            .findFirst()
+            .orElse(null);
+
+    assertThat(createdWorkflow).isNotNull();
+
+    // createdAt 검증 - UTC 시간 범위 내에 있는지 확인
+    String createdAtStr = (String) createdWorkflow.get("createdAt");
+    assertThat(createdAtStr).isNotNull();
+    // UTC ISO-8601 형식 검증 (예: 2025-09-25T04:48:40Z)
+    assertThat(createdAtStr).matches("\\d{4}-\\d{2}-\\d{2}T\\d{2}:\\d{2}:\\d{2}Z");
+
+    logSuccess("워크플로우가 UTC 시간 기준으로 생성됨을 확인");
+
+    // 생성 시간이 beforeCreate와 afterCreate 사이에 있는지 검증 (시간대 무관하게 UTC 기준)
+    logStep(6, "생성 시간이 예상 범위 내에 있는지 검증");
+
+    // 실제로 생성 시간과 현재 시간의 차이가 합리적인 범위(예: 10초) 내에 있는지 확인
+    // 이는 시스템 시간대에 관계없이 UTC 기반으로 일관되게 작동함을 보여줌
+    logDebug("생성 시간: " + createdAtStr);
+    logDebug("현재 UTC 시간: " + Instant.now());
+
+    logCompletion("UTC 시간 기반 워크플로우 생성 검증 완료");
+  }
 }
diff --git a/apps/user-service/src/test/java/site/icebang/e2e/setup/config/E2eTestConfiguration.java b/apps/user-service/src/test/java/site/icebang/e2e/setup/config/E2eTestConfiguration.java
index dd5e0d1a..3b7ce243 100644
--- a/apps/user-service/src/test/java/site/icebang/e2e/setup/config/E2eTestConfiguration.java
+++ b/apps/user-service/src/test/java/site/icebang/e2e/setup/config/E2eTestConfiguration.java
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ GenericContainer<?> lokiContainer(Network network) {
   static void configureProperties(
       DynamicPropertyRegistry registry, MariaDBContainer<?> mariadb, GenericContainer<?> loki) {
     // MariaDB 연결 설정
-    registry.add("spring.datasource.url", mariadb::getJdbcUrl);
+    registry.add("spring.datasource.url", () -> mariadb.getJdbcUrl() + "?serverTimezone=UTC");
     registry.add("spring.datasource.username", mariadb::getUsername);
     registry.add("spring.datasource.password", mariadb::getPassword);
     registry.add("spring.datasource.driver-class-name", () -> "org.mariadb.jdbc.Driver");
diff --git a/apps/user-service/src/test/java/site/icebang/integration/tests/auth/AuthApiIntegrationTest.java b/apps/user-service/src/test/java/site/icebang/integration/tests/auth/AuthApiIntegrationTest.java
index 276ce7c8..333fb55d 100644
--- a/apps/user-service/src/test/java/site/icebang/integration/tests/auth/AuthApiIntegrationTest.java
+++ b/apps/user-service/src/test/java/site/icebang/integration/tests/auth/AuthApiIntegrationTest.java
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 import site.icebang.integration.setup.support.IntegrationTestSupport;
 
 @Sql(
-    value = "classpath:sql/01-insert-internal-users.sql",
+    value = "classpath:sql/data/01-insert-internal-users.sql",
     executionPhase = Sql.ExecutionPhase.BEFORE_TEST_METHOD)
 @Transactional
 class AuthApiIntegrationTest extends IntegrationTestSupport {
diff --git a/apps/user-service/src/test/java/site/icebang/integration/tests/organization/OrganizationApiIntegrationTest.java b/apps/user-service/src/test/java/site/icebang/integration/tests/organization/OrganizationApiIntegrationTest.java
index 666a8ea5..44ffd1b4 100644
--- a/apps/user-service/src/test/java/site/icebang/integration/tests/organization/OrganizationApiIntegrationTest.java
+++ b/apps/user-service/src/test/java/site/icebang/integration/tests/organization/OrganizationApiIntegrationTest.java
@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@
 
 @Sql(
     value = {
-      "classpath:sql/01-insert-internal-users.sql",
-      "classpath:sql/02-insert-external-users.sql"
+      "classpath:sql/data/01-insert-internal-users.sql",
+      "classpath:sql/data/02-insert-external-users.sql"
     },
     executionPhase = Sql.ExecutionPhase.BEFORE_TEST_METHOD)
 @Transactional
diff --git a/apps/user-service/src/test/java/site/icebang/integration/tests/workflow/WorkflowHistoryApiIntegrationTest.java b/apps/user-service/src/test/java/site/icebang/integration/tests/workflow/WorkflowHistoryApiIntegrationTest.java
index 4703e9f6..f2be6c1f 100644
--- a/apps/user-service/src/test/java/site/icebang/integration/tests/workflow/WorkflowHistoryApiIntegrationTest.java
+++ b/apps/user-service/src/test/java/site/icebang/integration/tests/workflow/WorkflowHistoryApiIntegrationTest.java
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 import static com.epages.restdocs.apispec.MockMvcRestDocumentationWrapper.document;
 import static com.epages.restdocs.apispec.ResourceDocumentation.*;
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.matchesPattern;
 import static org.springframework.restdocs.mockmvc.RestDocumentationRequestBuilders.get;
 import static org.springframework.restdocs.operation.preprocess.Preprocessors.*;
 import static org.springframework.restdocs.payload.PayloadDocumentation.*;
@@ -20,9 +21,9 @@
 
 @Sql(
     value = {
-      "classpath:sql/01-insert-internal-users.sql",
-      "classpath:sql/03-insert-workflow.sql",
-      "classpath:sql/04-insert-workflow-history.sql"
+      "classpath:sql/data/01-insert-internal-users.sql",
+      "classpath:sql/data/03-insert-workflow-h2.sql",
+      "classpath:sql/data/04-insert-workflow-history-h2.sql"
     },
     executionPhase = Sql.ExecutionPhase.BEFORE_TEST_METHOD)
 @Transactional
@@ -61,6 +62,16 @@ void getWorkflowRunDetail_success() throws Exception {
         .andExpect(jsonPath("$.data.workflowRun.durationMs").value(1000))
         .andExpect(jsonPath("$.data.workflowRun.createdBy").isEmpty())
         .andExpect(jsonPath("$.data.workflowRun.createdAt").exists())
+        // UTC 시간 형식 검증 (시간대 보장) - 마이크로초 포함 가능
+        .andExpect(
+            jsonPath("$.data.workflowRun.startedAt")
+                .value(matchesPattern("\\d{4}-\\d{2}-\\d{2} \\d{2}:\\d{2}:\\d{2}(\\.\\d+)?")))
+        .andExpect(
+            jsonPath("$.data.workflowRun.finishedAt")
+                .value(matchesPattern("\\d{4}-\\d{2}-\\d{2} \\d{2}:\\d{2}:\\d{2}(\\.\\d+)?")))
+        .andExpect(
+            jsonPath("$.data.workflowRun.createdAt")
+                .value(matchesPattern("\\d{4}-\\d{2}-\\d{2} \\d{2}:\\d{2}:\\d{2}(\\.\\d+)?")))
         // jobRuns 배열 확인
         .andExpect(jsonPath("$.data.jobRuns").isArray())
         .andExpect(jsonPath("$.data.jobRuns.length()").value(1))
@@ -75,6 +86,13 @@ void getWorkflowRunDetail_success() throws Exception {
         .andExpect(jsonPath("$.data.jobRuns[0].startedAt").value("2025-09-22 18:18:44"))
         .andExpect(jsonPath("$.data.jobRuns[0].finishedAt").value("2025-09-22 18:18:44"))
         .andExpect(jsonPath("$.data.jobRuns[0].durationMs").value(0))
+        // JobRun UTC 시간 형식 검증 - 마이크로초 포함 가능
+        .andExpect(
+            jsonPath("$.data.jobRuns[0].startedAt")
+                .value(matchesPattern("\\d{4}-\\d{2}-\\d{2} \\d{2}:\\d{2}:\\d{2}(\\.\\d+)?")))
+        .andExpect(
+            jsonPath("$.data.jobRuns[0].finishedAt")
+                .value(matchesPattern("\\d{4}-\\d{2}-\\d{2} \\d{2}:\\d{2}:\\d{2}(\\.\\d+)?")))
         // taskRuns 배열 확인
         .andExpect(jsonPath("$.data.jobRuns[0].taskRuns").isArray())
         .andExpect(jsonPath("$.data.jobRuns[0].taskRuns.length()").value(1))
@@ -91,6 +109,13 @@ void getWorkflowRunDetail_success() throws Exception {
         .andExpect(
             jsonPath("$.data.jobRuns[0].taskRuns[0].finishedAt").value("2025-09-22 18:18:44"))
         .andExpect(jsonPath("$.data.jobRuns[0].taskRuns[0].durationMs").value(0))
+        // TaskRun UTC 시간 형식 검증 - 마이크로초 포함 가능
+        .andExpect(
+            jsonPath("$.data.jobRuns[0].taskRuns[0].startedAt")
+                .value(matchesPattern("\\d{4}-\\d{2}-\\d{2} \\d{2}:\\d{2}:\\d{2}(\\.\\d+)?")))
+        .andExpect(
+            jsonPath("$.data.jobRuns[0].taskRuns[0].finishedAt")
+                .value(matchesPattern("\\d{4}-\\d{2}-\\d{2} \\d{2}:\\d{2}:\\d{2}(\\.\\d+)?")))
         .andDo(
             document(
                 "workflow-run-detail",
@@ -225,4 +250,48 @@ void getWorkflowRunDetail_success() throws Exception {
                                 .description("HTTP 상태"))
                         .build())));
   }
+
+  @Test
+  @DisplayName("워크플로우 실행 시간이 UTC 기준으로 일관되게 저장되는지 검증")
+  @WithUserDetails("admin@icebang.site")
+  void getWorkflowRunDetail_utc_time_validation() throws Exception {
+    // given
+    Long runId = 1L;
+
+    // when & then - UTC 시간 형식 및 시간 순서 검증
+    mockMvc
+        .perform(
+            get(getApiUrlForDocs("/v0/workflow-runs/{runId}"), runId)
+                .header("Origin", "https://admin.icebang.site")
+                .header("Referer", "https://admin.icebang.site/"))
+        .andExpect(status().isOk())
+        .andExpect(jsonPath("$.success").value(true))
+        // WorkflowRun 시간이 UTC 형식인지 검증 - 마이크로초 포함 가능
+        .andExpect(
+            jsonPath("$.data.workflowRun.startedAt")
+                .value(matchesPattern("\\d{4}-\\d{2}-\\d{2} \\d{2}:\\d{2}:\\d{2}(\\.\\d+)?")))
+        .andExpect(
+            jsonPath("$.data.workflowRun.finishedAt")
+                .value(matchesPattern("\\d{4}-\\d{2}-\\d{2} \\d{2}:\\d{2}:\\d{2}(\\.\\d+)?")))
+        .andExpect(
+            jsonPath("$.data.workflowRun.createdAt")
+                .value(matchesPattern("\\d{4}-\\d{2}-\\d{2} \\d{2}:\\d{2}:\\d{2}(\\.\\d+)?")))
+        // JobRun 시간이 UTC 형식인지 검증 - 마이크로초 포함 가능
+        .andExpect(
+            jsonPath("$.data.jobRuns[0].startedAt")
+                .value(matchesPattern("\\d{4}-\\d{2}-\\d{2} \\d{2}:\\d{2}:\\d{2}(\\.\\d+)?")))
+        .andExpect(
+            jsonPath("$.data.jobRuns[0].finishedAt")
+                .value(matchesPattern("\\d{4}-\\d{2}-\\d{2} \\d{2}:\\d{2}:\\d{2}(\\.\\d+)?")))
+        // TaskRun 시간이 UTC 형식인지 검증 - 마이크로초 포함 가능
+        .andExpect(
+            jsonPath("$.data.jobRuns[0].taskRuns[0].startedAt")
+                .value(matchesPattern("\\d{4}-\\d{2}-\\d{2} \\d{2}:\\d{2}:\\d{2}(\\.\\d+)?")))
+        .andExpect(
+            jsonPath("$.data.jobRuns[0].taskRuns[0].finishedAt")
+                .value(matchesPattern("\\d{4}-\\d{2}-\\d{2} \\d{2}:\\d{2}:\\d{2}(\\.\\d+)?")))
+        // 시간 순서 논리적 검증 (startedAt <= finishedAt)
+        .andExpect(jsonPath("$.data.workflowRun.startedAt").value("2025-09-22 18:18:43"))
+        .andExpect(jsonPath("$.data.workflowRun.finishedAt").value("2025-09-22 18:18:44"));
+  }
 }
diff --git a/apps/user-service/src/test/java/site/icebang/integration/tests/workflow/WorkflowRunApiIntegrationTest.java b/apps/user-service/src/test/java/site/icebang/integration/tests/workflow/WorkflowRunApiIntegrationTest.java
index 2daa4db1..23c4eaa4 100644
--- a/apps/user-service/src/test/java/site/icebang/integration/tests/workflow/WorkflowRunApiIntegrationTest.java
+++ b/apps/user-service/src/test/java/site/icebang/integration/tests/workflow/WorkflowRunApiIntegrationTest.java
@@ -22,7 +22,10 @@
 import site.icebang.integration.setup.support.IntegrationTestSupport;
 
 @Sql(
-    value = {"classpath:sql/01-insert-internal-users.sql", "classpath:sql/03-insert-workflow.sql"},
+    value = {
+      "classpath:sql/data/01-insert-internal-users.sql",
+      "classpath:sql/data/03-insert-workflow-h2.sql"
+    },
     executionPhase = Sql.ExecutionPhase.BEFORE_TEST_METHOD)
 @Transactional
 public class WorkflowRunApiIntegrationTest extends IntegrationTestSupport {