diff --git a/base/loading.jl b/base/loading.jl
index 1bea8ee01ed87..075b3f27d5ece 100644
--- a/base/loading.jl
+++ b/base/loading.jl
@@ -2694,6 +2694,7 @@ function require_stdlib(package_uuidkey::PkgId, ext::Union{Nothing, String}, fro
         return newm
     end
     env = Sys.STDLIB
+    loading_started = false
     try
         depot_path = append_bundled_depot_path!(empty(DEPOT_PATH))
         from_stdlib = true # set to false if `from` is a normal package so we do not want the internal loader for the extension either
@@ -2718,10 +2719,11 @@ function require_stdlib(package_uuidkey::PkgId, ext::Union{Nothing, String}, fro
             set_pkgorigin_version_path(this_uuidkey, sourcepath)
             newm = start_loading(this_uuidkey, UInt128(0), true)
             newm === nothing || return newm
+            loading_started = true
             newm = _require_search_from_serialized(this_uuidkey, sourcepath, UInt128(0), false; DEPOT_PATH=depot_path)
         end
     finally
-        end_loading(this_uuidkey, newm)
+        loading_started && end_loading(this_uuidkey, newm)
     end
     if newm isa Module
         # After successfully loading, notify downstream consumers
diff --git a/test/loading.jl b/test/loading.jl
index 47ef536d8f7aa..c96bf49c00edc 100644
--- a/test/loading.jl
+++ b/test/loading.jl
@@ -1639,3 +1639,22 @@ end
         end
     end
 end
+@testset "require_stdlib extension with non-stdlib from module" begin
+    # Test that require_stdlib doesn't error when called with an extension
+    # and the `from` module is not from the bundled depot (from_stdlib=false path)
+    # This is a regression test for https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/60392
+    cmd = `$(Base.julia_cmd()) --startup-file=no -e '
+        Pkg_pkgid = Base.PkgId(Base.UUID("44cfe95a-1eb2-52ea-b672-e2afdf69b78f"), "Pkg")
+        REPLExt_pkgid = Base.PkgId(Base.uuid5(Pkg_pkgid.uuid, "REPLExt"), "REPLExt")
+        # Create and register a fake REPL module to simulate a non-stdlib module being loaded
+        # This triggers the from_stdlib=false path since the fake module is not from the bundled depot
+        FakeREPL = Module(:REPL)
+        FakeREPL_pkgid = Base.PkgId(Base.UUID("3fa0cd96-eef1-5676-8a61-b3b8758bbffb"), "REPL")
+        Base.register_root_module(FakeREPL)
+        # This should not throw a KeyError from end_loading
+        Base.require_stdlib(Pkg_pkgid, "REPLExt", FakeREPL)
+        # Verify the extension was loaded
+        Base.maybe_root_module(REPLExt_pkgid) isa Module || error("Something is wrong")
+    '`
+    @test success(cmd)
+end
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