Add descriptive exception handling to linker and program options which are not supported on a CTK version basis + handle in tests

[ksimpson-work]

no-cache, for example, is not supported when using an environment with cuda 12.4 . Find a compatibility matrix and apply it to supported options when users construct a LinkerOptions instance.

It is possible that the issue is not related to compatibility, in which case it should be resolved appropriately.

repro:

run cuda core linker tests in an environment with nvjitlink from cuda 12.4

[ksimpson-work]

edit: adding ProgramOptions to this suse, whcih experiences the same CTK version compatibility issues

[leofang]

Q: What is the current error/traceback if the underlying CTK does not support an option? I assume it says "invalid option"?