diff --git a/qiskit/circuit/instruction.py b/qiskit/circuit/instruction.py
index 84e3f344bf07..9fbe77a04f82 100644
--- a/qiskit/circuit/instruction.py
+++ b/qiskit/circuit/instruction.py
@@ -618,12 +618,11 @@ def repeat(self, n):
     @property
     def condition_bits(self) -> List[Clbit]:
         """Get Clbits in condition."""
+        from qiskit.circuit.controlflow import condition_resources  # pylint: disable=cyclic-import
+
         if self.condition is None:
             return []
-        if isinstance(self.condition[0], Clbit):
-            return [self.condition[0]]
-        else:  # ClassicalRegister
-            return list(self.condition[0])
+        return list(condition_resources(self.condition).clbits)
 
     @property
     def name(self):
diff --git a/releasenotes/notes/fix-instruction-condition-bits-17694f98628b30ad.yaml b/releasenotes/notes/fix-instruction-condition-bits-17694f98628b30ad.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..4f044b6a468f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/releasenotes/notes/fix-instruction-condition-bits-17694f98628b30ad.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+fixes:
+  - |
+    The property :attr:`.Instruction.condition_bits` will now correctly handle runtime classical
+    expressions (:mod:`qiskit.circuit.classical`).
diff --git a/test/python/circuit/test_instructions.py b/test/python/circuit/test_instructions.py
index fc60be60fdc1..d111d2d21181 100644
--- a/test/python/circuit/test_instructions.py
+++ b/test/python/circuit/test_instructions.py
@@ -18,16 +18,20 @@
 
 import numpy as np
 
-from qiskit.circuit import Gate
-from qiskit.circuit import Parameter
-from qiskit.circuit import Instruction, InstructionSet
-from qiskit.circuit import QuantumCircuit
-from qiskit.circuit import QuantumRegister, ClassicalRegister, Qubit, Clbit
-from qiskit.circuit.library.standard_gates.h import HGate
-from qiskit.circuit.library.standard_gates.rz import RZGate
-from qiskit.circuit.library.standard_gates.x import CXGate
-from qiskit.circuit.library.standard_gates.s import SGate
-from qiskit.circuit.library.standard_gates.t import TGate
+from qiskit.circuit import (
+    Gate,
+    Parameter,
+    Instruction,
+    InstructionSet,
+    QuantumCircuit,
+    QuantumRegister,
+    ClassicalRegister,
+    Qubit,
+    Clbit,
+    IfElseOp,
+)
+from qiskit.circuit.library import HGate, RZGate, CXGate, SGate, TGate
+from qiskit.circuit.classical import expr
 from qiskit.test import QiskitTestCase
 from qiskit.circuit.exceptions import CircuitError
 from qiskit.circuit.random import random_circuit
@@ -426,6 +430,26 @@ def test_repr_of_instructions(self):
             ),
         )
 
+    def test_instruction_condition_bits(self):
+        """Test that the ``condition_bits`` property behaves correctly until it is deprecated and
+        removed."""
+        bits = [Clbit(), Clbit()]
+        cr1 = ClassicalRegister(2, "cr1")
+        cr2 = ClassicalRegister(2, "cr2")
+        body = QuantumCircuit(cr1, cr2, bits)
+
+        def key(bit):
+            return body.find_bit(bit).index
+
+        op = IfElseOp((bits[0], False), body)
+        self.assertEqual(op.condition_bits, [bits[0]])
+
+        op = IfElseOp((cr1, 3), body)
+        self.assertEqual(op.condition_bits, list(cr1))
+
+        op = IfElseOp(expr.logic_and(bits[1], expr.equal(cr2, 3)), body)
+        self.assertEqual(sorted(op.condition_bits, key=key), sorted([bits[1]] + list(cr2), key=key))
+
     def test_instructionset_c_if_direct_resource(self):
         """Test that using :meth:`.InstructionSet.c_if` with an exact classical resource always
         works, and produces the expected condition."""