quantum-flytrap.bib

@article{zurek_decoherence_2003,
	title = {Decoherence, einselection, and the quantum origins of the classical},
	volume = {75},
	issn = {0034-6861, 1539-0756},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0105127},
	doi = {10.1103/RevModPhys.75.715},
	abstract = {Decoherence is caused by the interaction with the environment. Environment monitors certain observables of the system, destroying interference between the pointer states corresponding to their eigenvalues. This leads to environment-induced superselection or einselection, a quantum process associated with selective loss of information. Einselected pointer states are stable. They can retain correlations with the rest of the Universe in spite of the environment. Einselection enforces classicality by imposing an effective ban on the vast majority of the Hilbert space, eliminating especially the flagrantly non-local "Schr{\textbackslash}"odinger cat" states. Classical structure of phase space emerges from the quantum Hilbert space in the appropriate macroscopic limit: Combination of einselection with dynamics leads to the idealizations of a point and of a classical trajectory. In measurements, einselection replaces quantum entanglement between the apparatus and the measured system with the classical correlation.},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2022-02-12},
	journal = {Reviews of Modern Physics},
	author = {Zurek, Wojciech H.},
	month = may,
	year = {2003},
	note = {arXiv: quant-ph/0105127},
	keywords = {Quantum Physics},
	pages = {715--775},
	annote = {Comment: Final version of the review, with brutally compressed figures. Apart from the changes introduced in the editorial process the text is identical with that in the Rev. Mod. Phys. July issue. Also available from http://www.vjquantuminfo.org},
	file = {arXiv Fulltext PDF:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/9I2N2NF3/Zurek - 2003 - Decoherence, einselection, and the quantum origins.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/86MSTVLR/0105127.html:text/html},
}

@article{preskill_quantum_2018,
	title = {Quantum {Computing} in the {NISQ} era and beyond},
	volume = {2},
	issn = {2521-327X},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1801.00862},
	doi = {10.22331/q-2018-08-06-79},
	abstract = {Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) technology will be available in the near future. Quantum computers with 50-100 qubits may be able to perform tasks which surpass the capabilities of today's classical digital computers, but noise in quantum gates will limit the size of quantum circuits that can be executed reliably. NISQ devices will be useful tools for exploring many-body quantum physics, and may have other useful applications, but the 100-qubit quantum computer will not change the world right away --- we should regard it as a significant step toward the more powerful quantum technologies of the future. Quantum technologists should continue to strive for more accurate quantum gates and, eventually, fully fault-tolerant quantum computing.},
	urldate = {2022-02-15},
	journal = {Quantum},
	author = {Preskill, John},
	month = aug,
	year = {2018},
	note = {arXiv: 1801.00862},
	keywords = {Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons},
	pages = {79},
	annote = {Comment: 20 pages. Based on a Keynote Address at Quantum Computing for Business, 5 December 2017. (v3) Formatted for publication in Quantum, minor revisions},
	file = {arXiv Fulltext PDF:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/QBAKBRK6/Preskill - 2018 - Quantum Computing in the NISQ era and beyond.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/AB7T8GZU/1801.html:text/html},
}

@article{kim_physics_2017,
	title = {The {Physics} of {Rick} and {Morty}},
	issn = {1091-2339},
	url = {https://slate.com/technology/2017/07/rick-and-morty-gets-multiverse-theory-wrong-thats-ok.html},
	abstract = {The show gets multiverse theory totally wrong—but it’s still wonderful.},
	language = {en-US},
	urldate = {2022-02-15},
	journal = {Slate},
	author = {Kim, Meeri},
	month = jul,
	year = {2017},
	file = {Snapshot:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/VD8APNXN/rick-and-morty-gets-multiverse-theory-wrong-thats-ok.html:text/html},
}

@misc{migdal_quantum_2022,
	title = {Quantum {Game} with {Photons} (2014-2016)},
	copyright = {MIT},
	url = {https://github.com/stared/quantum-game},
	abstract = {Quantum Game (old version) - a puzzle game with real quantum mechanics in a browser},
	urldate = {2022-02-15},
	author = {Migdał, Piotr and Hes, Patryk and Krupiński, Michał},
	month = feb,
	year = {2022},
	note = {original-date: 2015-12-31T12:03:25Z},
	keywords = {physics, game, javascript, puzzle, quantum-game, quantum-mechanics},
}

@misc{wootton_history_2020,
	title = {The {History} of {Games} for {Quantum} {Computers}},
	url = {https://decodoku.medium.com/the-history-of-games-for-quantum-computers-a1de98859b5a},
	abstract = {When I started this article, it had been over a year since the first ever quantum computer game was created. It was time to write their…},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2022-02-15},
	journal = {Medium},
	author = {Wootton, Dr James},
	month = apr,
	year = {2020},
}

@article{nita_challenge_2021,
	title = {The challenge and opportunities of quantum literacy for future education and transdisciplinary problem-solving},
	issn = {0263-5143, 1470-1138},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/2004.07957},
	doi = {10.1080/02635143.2021.1920905},
	abstract = {Resulting from cross-disciplinary dialogue between physicists, computer scientists, educationalists, and industrial end users, we propose the concept of quantum literacy as one means of addressing the transdisciplinary nature of the complex problems that we see at the heart of issues around global sustainability. In this way, quantum literacy can contribute to UN Sustainable Development Goal 4, Quality Education. We argue that quantum literacy, as defined here, addresses the challenges of learning and skills acquisition within a highly bounded discipline and of access to the kind of powerful knowledge that should be more accessible to a wide group of learners throughout the life course, both students and professionals. It is increasingly important that the knowledge of quantum technologies is accessible to those who work with real world applications in a more inclusive way. We therefore argue for the importance of addressing pedagogic issues when powerful knowledge consists of dense concepts, as well as complex and hierarchical relations between concepts, in addition to presenting a strong barrier to entry in the form of mathematics. We introduce a specific puzzle visualization learning tool through which to achieve these pedagogic ends with respect to quantum computation. Visualization through puzzles can enable non-specialists to develop an intuitive, but still rigorous, understanding of universal quantum computation and provide a facility for non-specialists to discover increasingly complex and new quantum algorithms. Using the Hong-Ou-Mandel optical effect from quantum mechanics, we demonstrate how visual methods such as those made possible through the puzzle visualization tool, can be very useful for understanding underlying complex processes in quantum physics and beyond and therefore support the aims of quantum literacy.},
	urldate = {2022-02-15},
	journal = {Research in Science \& Technological Education},
	author = {Nita, Laurentiu and Smith, Laura Mazzoli and Chancellor, Nicholas and Cramman, Helen},
	month = may,
	year = {2021},
	note = {arXiv: 2004.07957},
	keywords = {Quantum Physics, Physics - Physics and Society, Mathematics - Quantum Algebra, Physics - Physics Education},
	pages = {1--17},
	annote = {Comment: 20 pages, 4 figures, position paper, typo in author name fixed in v2},
	file = {arXiv Fulltext PDF:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/BUQLCV4L/Nita et al. - 2021 - The challenge and opportunities of quantum literac.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/HADDA2HY/2004.html:text/html},
}

@misc{migdal_quantum_2022-1,
	title = {Quantum {Game} 2},
	copyright = {MIT},
	url = {https://github.com/Quantum-Game/quantum-game-2},
	abstract = {LEGACY open-source version of Quantum Game 2 (Sept 2019 - Oct 2020)},
	urldate = {2022-02-15},
	publisher = {Quantum Game},
	author = {Migdał, Piotr and Cochin, Phillipe and Jankiewicz, Klementyna and Decaroli, Chiara and Strebeyko, Jakub},
	month = jan,
	year = {2022},
	note = {original-date: 2019-09-16T09:47:21Z},
	keywords = {optics, game, quantum-game, quantum-mechanics},
}

@misc{jankiewicz_braketvue_2022,
	title = {{BraKetVue} - a {Vue}-based visualization of quantum states and operations},
	url = {https://github.com/Quantum-Flytrap/bra-ket-vue},
	abstract = {A Vue-based visualization of quantum states and operations},
	urldate = {2022-02-15},
	publisher = {Quantum Flytrap},
	author = {Jankiewicz, Klementyna and Migdał, Piotr},
	month = feb,
	year = {2022},
	note = {original-date: 2020-01-21T18:41:31Z},
	keywords = {complex-numbers, javascript, ket, matrices, quantum, quantum-game, visualizer, vuejs},
}

@book{scarani_six_2010,
	title = {Six {Quantum} {Pieces}: {A} {First} {Course} in {Quantum} {Physics}},
	isbn = {978-981-4327-53-4 978-981-4335-03-4},
	shorttitle = {Six {Quantum} {Pieces}},
	url = {https://www.worldscientific.com/worldscibooks/10.1142/7965},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2022-02-15},
	publisher = {World Scientific},
	author = {Scarani, Valerio and Chua, Lynn and Liu, Shi Yang},
	month = sep,
	year = {2010},
	doi = {10.1142/7965},
}

@book{susskind_theoretical_2014,
	address = {New York},
	edition = {Reprint edition},
	title = {The {Theoretical} {Minimum}: {What} {You} {Need} to {Know} to {Start} {Doing} {Physics}},
	isbn = {978-0-465-07568-3},
	shorttitle = {The {Theoretical} {Minimum}},
	language = {English},
	publisher = {Basic Books},
	author = {Susskind, Leonard and Hrabovsky, George},
	month = apr,
	year = {2014},
}

@book{dragan_unusually_2021,
	title = {Unusually {Special} {Relativity}},
	isbn = {978-1-80061-080-4 978-1-80061-081-1},
	url = {https://www.worldscientific.com/worldscibooks/10.1142/q0319},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2022-02-15},
	publisher = {World Scientific},
	author = {Dragan, Andrzej},
	month = dec,
	year = {2021},
	doi = {10.1142/q0319},
}

@book{kaiser_how_2012,
	address = {New York London},
	edition = {1. publ. as a Norton paperback},
	title = {How the {Hippies} {Saved} {Physics}: {Science}, {Counterculture}, and the {Quantum} {Revival}},
	isbn = {978-0-393-34231-4 978-0-393-07636-3},
	shorttitle = {How the {Hippies} {Saved} {Physics}},
	url = {https://www.hippiessavedphysics.com/},
	language = {eng},
	publisher = {Norton},
	author = {Kaiser, David},
	year = {2012},
}

@misc{matuschak_quantum_2019,
	title = {Quantum {Country}},
	url = {https://quantum.country},
	abstract = {A free introduction to quantum computing and quantum mechanics},
	urldate = {2022-02-15},
	author = {Matuschak, Andy and Nielsen, Michael},
	year = {2019},
	file = {Snapshot:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/XE8WP3I3/quantum.country.html:text/html},
}

@misc{bobier_what_2021,
	title = {What {Happens} {When} ‘{If}’ {Turns} to ‘{When}’ in {Quantum} {Computing}?},
	url = {https://www.bcg.com/publications/2021/building-quantum-advantage},
	abstract = {No one can afford to sit on the sidelines as this transformative technology accelerates toward several critical milestones. It’s time to plan when and where to place your bets.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2022-02-15},
	journal = {BCG Global},
	author = {Bobier, Jean-François and Langione, Matt and Tao, Edward and Gourévitch, Antoine},
	month = jun,
	year = {2021},
	file = {Snapshot:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/Y6PIKSGM/building-quantum-advantage.html:text/html},
}

@article{waters_goldman_2021,
	title = {Goldman {Sachs} predicts quantum computing 5 years away from use in markets},
	issn = {0307-1766},
	url = {https://www.ft.com/content/bbff5dfd-caa3-4481-a111-c79f0d38d486},
	urldate = {2022-02-15},
	journal = {Financial Times},
	author = {Waters, Richard},
	month = apr,
	year = {2021},
	file = {Goldman Sachs predicts quantum computing 5 years away from use in markets | Financial Times:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/RKHWIW7Q/bbff5dfd-caa3-4481-a111-c79f0d38d486.html:text/html},
}

@article{migdal_level_2021,
	title = {Level generation and style enhancement -- deep learning for game development overview},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/2107.07397},
	abstract = {We present practical approaches of using deep learning to create and enhance level maps and textures for video games -- desktop, mobile, and web. We aim to present new possibilities for game developers and level artists. The task of designing levels and filling them with details is challenging. It is both time-consuming and takes effort to make levels rich, complex, and with a feeling of being natural. Fortunately, recent progress in deep learning provides new tools to accompany level designers and visual artists. Moreover, they offer a way to generate infinite worlds for game replayability and adjust educational games to players' needs. We present seven approaches to create level maps, each using statistical methods, machine learning, or deep learning. In particular, we include: - Generative Adversarial Networks for creating new images from existing examples (e.g. ProGAN). - Super-resolution techniques for upscaling images while preserving crisp detail (e.g. ESRGAN). - Neural style transfer for changing visual themes. - Image translation - turning semantic maps into images (e.g. GauGAN). - Semantic segmentation for turning images into semantic masks (e.g. U-Net). - Unsupervised semantic segmentation for extracting semantic features (e.g. Tile2Vec). - Texture synthesis - creating large patterns based on a smaller sample (e.g. InGAN).},
	urldate = {2022-02-15},
	journal = {arXiv:2107.07397 [cs]},
	author = {Migdał, Piotr and Olechno, Bartłomiej and Podgórski, Błażej},
	month = jul,
	year = {2021},
	note = {arXiv: 2107.07397},
	keywords = {Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, I.2.10, I.4.3, J.5},
	annote = {Comment: 16 pages, 10 figures, submitted to the 52nd International Simulation and Gaming Association (ISAGA) Conference 2021},
	file = {arXiv Fulltext PDF:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/273XVI65/Migdał et al. - 2021 - Level generation and style enhancement -- deep lea.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/M7HRVX3G/2107.html:text/html},
}

@article{leifer_gamifying_2017,
	title = {Gamifying {Quantum} {Theory}},
	url = {https://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/scs_articles/541},
	journal = {Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research},
	author = {Leifer, Matthew},
	month = jan,
	year = {2017},
}

@misc{hazan_next_2020,
	title = {The next tech revolution: quantum computing},
	url = {https://www.mckinsey.com/fr/our-insights/the-next-tech-revolution-quantum-computing},
	language = {en},
	journal = {McKinsey},
	author = {Hazan, Eric and Ménard, Alexandre and Ostojic, Ivan and Patel, Mark},
	month = mar,
	year = {2020},
	file = {Hazan et al. - The next tech revolution quantum computing.pdf:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/EDWUSP5T/Hazan et al. - The next tech revolution quantum computing.pdf:application/pdf},
}

@misc{falstad_quantum_2002,
	title = {Quantum {Mechanics}: 1-{Dimensional} {Particle} {States} {Applet}},
	url = {http://www.falstad.com/qm1d/},
	urldate = {2022-02-15},
	author = {Falstad, Paul},
	year = {2002},
	file = {Quantum Mechanics\: 1-Dimensional Particle States Applet:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/3UCMK73E/qm1d.html:text/html},
}

@misc{gidney_quirk_2022,
	title = {Quirk},
	copyright = {Apache-2.0},
	url = {https://github.com/Strilanc/Quirk},
	abstract = {A drag-and-drop quantum circuit simulator that runs in your browser. A toy for exploring and understanding small quantum circuits.},
	urldate = {2022-02-15},
	author = {Gidney, Craig},
	month = feb,
	year = {2022},
	note = {original-date: 2014-03-05T23:31:28Z},
	keywords = {quantum-circuit, quantum-computing, simulation},
}

@misc{fingerhuth_open-source_2022,
	title = {Open-{Source} {Quantum} {Software} {Projects}},
	copyright = {CC0-1.0},
	url = {https://github.com/qosf/awesome-quantum-software},
	abstract = {Curated list of open-source quantum software projects.},
	urldate = {2022-02-15},
	publisher = {Quantum Open Source Foundation},
	author = {Fingerhuth, Mark},
	month = feb,
	year = {2022},
	note = {original-date: 2018-04-25T16:35:33Z},
	keywords = {quantum-computing, compilers, quantum-algorithms, quantum-annealing, quantum-assembly, quantum-chemistry, quantum-circuit-simulator, quantum-circuits, quantum-compiler, quantum-computer, quantum-computer-simulator, quantum-programming-language, quantum-programs, quantum-simulators},
}

@article{johansson_qutip_2012,
	title = {{QuTiP}: {An} open-source {Python} framework for the dynamics of open quantum systems},
	volume = {183},
	issn = {00104655},
	shorttitle = {{QuTiP}},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1110.0573},
	doi = {10.1016/j.cpc.2012.02.021},
	abstract = {We present an object-oriented open-source framework for solving the dynamics of open quantum systems written in Python. Arbitrary Hamiltonians, including time-dependent systems, may be built up from operators and states defined by a quantum object class, and then passed on to a choice of master equation or Monte-Carlo solvers. We give an overview of the basic structure for the framework before detailing the numerical simulation of open system dynamics. Several examples are given to illustrate the build up to a complete calculation. Finally, we measure the performance of our library against that of current implementations. The framework described here is particularly well-suited to the fields of quantum optics, superconducting circuit devices, nanomechanics, and trapped ions, while also being ideal for use in classroom instruction.},
	number = {8},
	urldate = {2022-02-15},
	journal = {Computer Physics Communications},
	author = {Johansson, J. R. and Nation, P. D. and Nori, Franco},
	month = aug,
	year = {2012},
	note = {arXiv: 1110.0573},
	keywords = {Quantum Physics, Physics - Computational Physics, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity},
	pages = {1760--1772},
	annote = {Comment: 16 pages, 12 figures},
	file = {arXiv Fulltext PDF:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/QKTNHHDK/Johansson et al. - 2012 - QuTiP An open-source Python framework for the dyn.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/TLIYLULF/1110.html:text/html},
}

@article{silverio_pulser_2022,
	title = {Pulser: {An} open-source package for the design of pulse sequences in programmable neutral-atom arrays},
	volume = {6},
	shorttitle = {Pulser},
	url = {https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2022-01-24-629/},
	doi = {10.22331/q-2022-01-24-629},
	abstract = {Henrique Silvério, Sebastián Grijalva, Constantin Dalyac, Lucas Leclerc, Peter J. Karalekas, Nathan Shammah, Mourad Beji, Louis-Paul Henry, and Loïc Henriet,
Quantum 6, 629 (2022).
Programmable arrays of hundreds of Rydberg atoms have recently enabled the exploration of remarkable phenomena in many-body quantum physics. In addition, the development of high-fidelity qua…},
	language = {en-GB},
	urldate = {2022-02-15},
	journal = {Quantum},
	author = {Silvério, Henrique and Grijalva, Sebastián and Dalyac, Constantin and Leclerc, Lucas and Karalekas, Peter J. and Shammah, Nathan and Beji, Mourad and Henry, Louis-Paul and Henriet, Loïc},
	month = jan,
	year = {2022},
	note = {arXiv: 2104.15044},
	pages = {629},
	file = {Full Text PDF:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/NCH9MPZ3/Silvério et al. - 2022 - Pulser An open-source package for the design of p.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/WMWJFX3D/q-2022-01-24-629.html:text/html},
}

@article{killoran_strawberry_2019,
	title = {Strawberry {Fields}: {A} {Software} {Platform} for {Photonic} {Quantum} {Computing}},
	volume = {3},
	shorttitle = {Strawberry {Fields}},
	url = {https://quantum-journal.org/papers/q-2019-03-11-129/},
	doi = {10.22331/q-2019-03-11-129},
	abstract = {Nathan Killoran, Josh Izaac, Nicolás Quesada, Ville Bergholm, Matthew Amy, and Christian Weedbrook,
Quantum 3, 129 (2019).
We introduce Strawberry Fields, an open-source quantum programming architecture for light-based quantum computers, and detail its key features. Built in Python, Strawberry Fields is a full-s…},
	language = {en-GB},
	urldate = {2022-02-15},
	journal = {Quantum},
	author = {Killoran, Nathan and Izaac, Josh and Quesada, Nicolás and Bergholm, Ville and Amy, Matthew and Weedbrook, Christian},
	month = mar,
	year = {2019},
	note = {arXiv: 1804.03159},
	pages = {129},
	file = {Full Text PDF:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/B7KRV4ZH/Killoran et al. - 2019 - Strawberry Fields A Software Platform for Photoni.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/YEYJ4GES/q-2019-03-11-129.html:text/html},
}

@misc{noauthor_ibm_nodate,
	title = {{IBM} {Quantum} {Experience}},
	url = {https://quantum-computing.ibm.com/},
	abstract = {Program real quantum systems with the leading quantum cloud application.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2022-02-15},
	journal = {IBM Quantum},
}

@article{bonawitz_double-edged_2011,
	series = {Probabilistic models of cognitive development},
	title = {The double-edged sword of pedagogy: {Instruction} limits spontaneous exploration and discovery},
	volume = {120},
	issn = {0010-0277},
	shorttitle = {The double-edged sword of pedagogy},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010027710002258},
	doi = {10.1016/j.cognition.2010.10.001},
	abstract = {Motivated by computational analyses, we look at how teaching affects exploration and discovery. In Experiment 1, we investigated children’s exploratory play after an adult pedagogically demonstrated a function of a toy, after an interrupted pedagogical demonstration, after a naïve adult demonstrated the function, and at baseline. Preschoolers in the pedagogical condition focused almost exclusively on the target function; by contrast, children in the other conditions explored broadly. In Experiment 2, we show that children restrict their exploration both after direct instruction to themselves and after overhearing direct instruction given to another child; they do not show this constraint after observing direct instruction given to an adult or after observing a non-pedagogical intentional action. We discuss these findings as the result of rational inductive biases. In pedagogical contexts, a teacher’s failure to provide evidence for additional functions provides evidence for their absence; such contexts generalize from child to child (because children are likely to have comparable states of knowledge) but not from adult to child. Thus, pedagogy promotes efficient learning but at a cost: children are less likely to perform potentially irrelevant actions but also less likely to discover novel information.},
	language = {en},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2022-02-15},
	journal = {Cognition},
	author = {Bonawitz, Elizabeth and Shafto, Patrick and Gweon, Hyowon and Goodman, Noah D. and Spelke, Elizabeth and Schulz, Laura},
	month = sep,
	year = {2011},
	keywords = {Bayesian model, Causal learning, Cognitive development, Discovery, Exploratory play, Pedagogy},
	pages = {322--330},
	file = {Full Text:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/VXFIAFZP/Bonawitz et al. - 2011 - The double-edged sword of pedagogy Instruction li.pdf:application/pdf;ScienceDirect Snapshot:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/S9UYCZ2Q/S0010027710002258.html:text/html},
}

@misc{riffle_understanding_2011,
	title = {Understanding the {Fourier} transform},
	url = {https://web.archive.org/web/20130318211259/http://www.altdevblogaday.com/2011/05/17/understanding-the-fourier-transform},
	urldate = {2022-02-15},
	journal = {\#AltDevBlogADay},
	author = {Riffle, Stuart},
	month = may,
	year = {2011},
	file = {Snapshot:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/N98VPC9N/understanding-the-fourier-transform.html:text/html},
}

@misc{rougeux_byrnes_2018,
	title = {Byrne's {Euclid}},
	url = {https://www.c82.net/euclid/},
	abstract = {A reproduction of Oliver Byrne's celebrated work from 1847 plus interactive diagrams, cross references, and posters designed by Nicholas Rougeux},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2022-02-15},
	author = {Rougeux, Nicholas},
	year = {2018},
	file = {Snapshot:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/X3DLYNJV/euclid.html:text/html},
}

@misc{zendejas-morales_quantum_2021,
	title = {Quantum logic gates for a single qubit, interactively},
	url = {https://quantumflytrap.com/blog/2021/qubit-interactively/},
	abstract = {Drag and drop quantum gates to see how they act on a qubit.},
	urldate = {2022-02-15},
	journal = {Quantum Flytrap},
	author = {Zendejas-Morales, Claudia and Migdał, Piotr},
	month = apr,
	year = {2021},
	file = {Snapshot:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/LV7LVDB3/qubit-interactively.html:text/html},
}

@article{rodriguez-laguna_qubism_2012,
	title = {Qubism: self-similar visualization of many-body wavefunctions},
	volume = {14},
	issn = {1367-2630},
	shorttitle = {Qubism},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1112.3560},
	doi = {10.1088/1367-2630/14/5/053028},
	abstract = {A visualization scheme for quantum many-body wavefunctions is described, which we have termed qubism. Its main property is its recursivity: increasing the number of qubits reflects in an increase in the image resolution. Thus, the plots are typically fractal. As examples, we provide images for the ground states of commonly used Hamiltonians in condensed matter and cold atom physics, such as Heisenberg or ITF. Many features of the wavefunction, such as magnetization, correlations and criticality, can be visualized as properties of the images. In particular, factorizability can be easily spotted, and a way to estimate the entanglement entropy from the image is provided.},
	number = {5},
	urldate = {2022-02-15},
	journal = {New Journal of Physics},
	author = {Rodriguez-Laguna, Javier and Migdał, Piotr and Berganza, Miguel Ibáñez and Lewenstein, Maciej and Sierra, Germán},
	month = may,
	year = {2012},
	note = {arXiv: 1112.3560},
	keywords = {Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons, Condensed Matter - Quantum Gases},
	pages = {053028},
	file = {arXiv Fulltext PDF:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/U4IJITMF/Rodriguez-Laguna et al. - 2012 - Qubism self-similar visualization of many-body wa.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/FWGL4CTA/1112.html:text/html},
}

@misc{noauthor_visualizing_nodate,
	title = {Visualizing complex-valued functions with {Matplotlib} and {Mayavi} - {Domain} coloring method},
	url = {https://nbviewer.org/github/empet/Math/blob/master/DomainColoring.ipynb},
	urldate = {2022-02-15},
	file = {Jupyter Notebook Viewer:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/2NS8EH3H/DomainColoring.html:text/html},
}

@article{schlosshauer_snapshot_2013,
	title = {A {Snapshot} of {Foundational} {Attitudes} {Toward} {Quantum} {Mechanics}},
	volume = {44},
	issn = {13552198},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1301.1069},
	doi = {10.1016/j.shpsb.2013.04.004},
	abstract = {Foundational investigations in quantum mechanics, both experimental and theoretical, gave birth to the field of quantum information science. Nevertheless, the foundations of quantum mechanics themselves remain hotly debated in the scientific community, and no consensus on essential questions has been reached. Here, we present the results of a poll carried out among 33 participants of a conference on the foundations of quantum mechanics. The participants completed a questionnaire containing 16 multiple-choice questions probing opinions on quantum-foundational issues. Participants included physicists, philosophers, and mathematicians. We describe our findings, identify commonly held views, and determine strong, medium, and weak correlations between the answers. Our study provides a unique snapshot of current views in the field of quantum foundations, as well as an analysis of the relationships between these views.},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2022-02-15},
	journal = {Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics},
	author = {Schlosshauer, Maximilian and Kofler, Johannes and Zeilinger, Anton},
	month = aug,
	year = {2013},
	note = {arXiv: 1301.1069},
	keywords = {Quantum Physics, Physics - History and Philosophy of Physics},
	pages = {222--230},
	annote = {Comment: 17 pages, 3 figures},
	file = {arXiv Fulltext PDF:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/38T4L4QT/Schlosshauer et al. - 2013 - A Snapshot of Foundational Attitudes Toward Quantu.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/PEX7WEUV/1301.html:text/html},
}

@article{sivasundaram_surveying_2016,
	title = {Surveying the {Attitudes} of {Physicists} {Concerning} {Foundational} {Issues} of {Quantum} {Mechanics}},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1612.00676},
	abstract = {Even though quantum mechanics has existed for almost 100 years, questions concerning the foundation and interpretation of the theory still remain. These issues have gathered more attention in recent years, but does this mean that physicists are more aware of foundational issues concerning quantum mechanics? A survey was sent out to 1234 physicists affiliated to 8 different universities. 149 responded to the questions, which both concerned foundational issues related to quantum mechanics, specifically, as well as questions concerning interpretations of physical theories in general. The answers to the survey revealed that foundational concepts in quantum mechanics are still a topic that only a minority of physicists are familiar with, although a clear majority of physicists find that interpretations of physical theories are important. The various questions, as well as how the respondents answered, are presented. The survey intends to give an overview of what the opinion of the physics community, in general, is concerning issues related to quantum mechanics.},
	urldate = {2022-02-15},
	journal = {arXiv:1612.00676 [physics, physics:quant-ph]},
	author = {Sivasundaram, Sujeevan and Nielsen, Kristian Hvidtfelt},
	month = dec,
	year = {2016},
	note = {arXiv: 1612.00676},
	keywords = {Quantum Physics, Physics - Physics and Society, Physics - Physics Education, Physics - History and Philosophy of Physics},
	annote = {Comment: 20 pages, 20 figures},
	file = {arXiv Fulltext PDF:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/SRG9D4WP/Sivasundaram and Nielsen - 2016 - Surveying the Attitudes of Physicists Concerning F.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/U6EDUB3E/1612.html:text/html},
}

@article{blanco_patterns_2020,
	title = {Patterns in {Mainstream} {Programming} {Games}},
	volume = {7},
	copyright = {Copyright (c) 2020 Ander Areizaga Blanco, Henrik Engström},
	issn = {2384-8766},
	url = {https://journal.seriousgamessociety.org/index.php/IJSG/article/view/335},
	doi = {10.17083/ijsg.v7i1.335},
	abstract = {Studies have found serious games to be good tools for programming education. As an outcome from such research, several game solutions for learning computer programming have appeared. Most of these games are only used in the research field where only a few are published and made available for the public. There are however numerous examples of programming games in commercial stores that have reached a large audience.This article presents a systematic review of publicly available and popular programming games. It analyses which fundamental software development concepts, as defined by the ACM/IEEE Computer Science Curricula, are represented in these games and identifies game design patterns used to represent these concepts.This study shows that fundamental programming concepts and programming methods have a good representation in mainstream games. There is however a lack of games addressing data structures, algorithms and design. There is a strong domination of puzzle games. Only two of the 20 studied games belong to a different genre. The eleven game design patterns identified in this study have potential to contribute to future efforts in creating engaging serious games for programming education.},
	language = {en},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2022-02-15},
	journal = {International Journal of Serious Games},
	author = {Blanco, Ander Areizaga and Engström, Henrik},
	month = mar,
	year = {2020},
	note = {Number: 1},
	keywords = {game design patterns},
	pages = {97--126},
	file = {Full Text PDF:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/8JEY32BW/Blanco and Engström - 2020 - Patterns in Mainstream Programming Games.pdf:application/pdf},
}

@article{michelson_relative_1887,
	title = {On the relative motion of the {Earth} and the luminiferous ether},
	volume = {s3-34},
	copyright = {GeoRef, Copyright 2008, American Geological Institute.},
	issn = {0002-9599, 1945-452X},
	url = {https://www.ajsonline.org/content/s3-34/203/333},
	doi = {10.2475/ajs.s3-34.203.333},
	language = {en},
	number = {203},
	urldate = {2022-02-15},
	journal = {American Journal of Science},
	author = {Michelson, A. A. and Morley, E. W.},
	month = nov,
	year = {1887},
	note = {Publisher: American Journal of Science
Section: Extraterrestrial geology},
	pages = {333--345},
	file = {Snapshot:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/JY6WLTSM/333.html:text/html;Submitted Version:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/T7KYHXFP/Michelson and Morley - 1887 - On the relative motion of the Earth and the lumini.pdf:application/pdf},
}

@phdthesis{migdal_symmetries_2014,
	title = {Symmetries and self-similarity of many-body wavefunctions},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1412.6796},
	abstract = {This PhD thesis is dedicated to the study of the interplay between symmetries of quantum states and their self-similar properties. It consists of three connected threads of research: polynomial invariants for multiphoton states, visualization schemes for quantum many-body systems and a complex networks approach to quantum walks on a graph. First, we study the problem of which many-photon states are equivalent up to the action of passive linear optics. We prove that it can be converted into the problem of equivalence of two permutation-symmetric states, not necessarily restricted to the same operation on all parties. We show that the problem can be formulated in terms of symmetries of complex polynomials of many variables, and provide two families of invariants, which are straightforward to compute and provide analytical results. Second, we study a family of recursive visualization schemes for many-particle systems, for which we have coined the name 'qubism'. While all many-qudit states can be plotted with qubism, it is especially useful for spin chains and one-dimensional translationally invariant states. This symmetry results in self-similarity of the plot, making it more comprehensible and allowing to discover certain structures. Third, we study quantum walks of a single particle on graphs, which are classical analogues of random walks. Our focus is on the long-time limit of the probability distribution and we study how (especially in the long-time limit) off-diagonal elements of the density matrix behave. We use them to perform quantum community detection - splitting of a graph into subgraphs in such a way that the coherence between them is small. Our method captures properties that classical methods cannot - the impact of constructive and destructive interference, as well as the dependence of the results on the tunneling phase.},
	urldate = {2022-02-15},
	school = {ICFO},
	author = {Migdał, Piotr},
	month = dec,
	year = {2014},
	note = {arXiv: 1412.6796},
	keywords = {Quantum Physics},
	annote = {Comment: PhD thesis, 156 pages; defended on 12 Dec 2014 at ICFO; advisors: Maciej Lewenstein, Javier Rodr{\textbackslash}'\{{\textbackslash}i\}guez-Laguna; reviewers: Seth Lloyd, Karol {\textbackslash}.Zyczkowski; chapter on qubism was completely rewritten; other match closely the respective papers},
	file = {arXiv Fulltext PDF:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/9JF24EQP/Migdał - 2014 - Symmetries and self-similarity of many-body wavefu.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/7CXE63I4/1412.html:text/html},
}

@article{migdal_which_2014,
	title = {Which multiphoton states are related via linear optics?},
	volume = {89},
	issn = {1050-2947, 1094-1622},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1403.3069},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevA.89.062329},
	abstract = {We investigate which pure states of \$n\$ photons in \$d\$ modes can be transformed into each other via linear optics, without post-selection. In other words, we study the local unitary (LU) equivalence classes of symmetric many-qudit states. Writing our state as \$f{\textasciicircum}{\textbackslash}dagger{\textbar}{\textbackslash}Omega{\textbackslash}rangle\$, with \$f{\textasciicircum}{\textbackslash}dagger\$ a homogeneous polynomial in the mode creation operators, we propose two sets of LU-invariants: (a) spectral invariants, which are the eigenvalues of the operator \$ff{\textasciicircum}{\textbackslash}dagger\$, and (b) moments, each given by the norm of the symmetric component of a tensor power of the initial state, which can be computed as vacuum expectation values of \$f{\textasciicircum}k(f{\textasciicircum}{\textbackslash}dagger){\textasciicircum}k\$. We provide scheme for experimental measurement of the later, as related to the post-selection probability of creating state \$f{\textasciicircum}\{{\textbackslash}dagger k\}{\textbar}{\textbackslash}Omega{\textbackslash}rangle\$ from \$k\$ copies of \$f{\textasciicircum}\{{\textbackslash}dagger\}{\textbar}{\textbackslash}Omega{\textbackslash}rangle\$.},
	number = {6},
	urldate = {2022-02-15},
	journal = {Physical Review A},
	author = {Migdał, Piotr and Rodríguez-Laguna, Javier and Oszmaniec, Michał and Lewenstein, Maciej},
	month = jun,
	year = {2014},
	note = {arXiv: 1403.3069},
	keywords = {Quantum Physics, Mathematical Physics},
	pages = {062329},
	annote = {Comment: 14 pages, 3 figures; minor changes (3 new citations, a remark on fermionic systems)},
	file = {arXiv Fulltext PDF:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/5HKWLDQC/Migdał et al. - 2014 - Which multiphoton states are related via linear op.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/XGGASC6N/1403.html:text/html},
}

@article{chiang_named_2021,
	title = {Named {Tensor} {Notation}},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/2102.13196},
	abstract = {We propose a notation for tensors with named axes, which relieves the author, reader, and future implementers from the burden of keeping track of the order of axes and the purpose of each. It also makes it easy to extend operations on low-order tensors to higher order ones (e.g., to extend an operation on images to minibatches of images, or extend the attention mechanism to multiple attention heads). After a brief overview of our notation, we illustrate it through several examples from modern machine learning, from building blocks like attention and convolution to full models like Transformers and LeNet. Finally, we give formal definitions and describe some extensions. Our proposals build on ideas from many previous papers and software libraries. We hope that this document will encourage more authors to use named tensors, resulting in clearer papers and less bug-prone implementations. The source code for this document can be found at https://github.com/namedtensor/notation/. We invite anyone to make comments on this proposal by submitting issues or pull requests on this repository.},
	urldate = {2022-02-15},
	journal = {arXiv:2102.13196 [cs]},
	author = {Chiang, David and Rush, Alexander M. and Barak, Boaz},
	month = feb,
	year = {2021},
	note = {arXiv: 2102.13196},
	keywords = {Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computer Science - Machine Learning},
	file = {arXiv Fulltext PDF:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/LG5JAQI5/Chiang et al. - 2021 - Named Tensor Notation.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/3FTIHIMT/2102.html:text/html},
}

@book{ernst_dorn_zeitschrift_1881,
	title = {Zeitschrift für {Instrumentenkunde}},
	url = {http://archive.org/details/zeitschriftfrin14gergoog},
	abstract = {Book digitized by Google from the library of the University of Michigan and uploaded to the Internet Archive by user tpb.; "Organ für Mittheilungen aus dem gesammten Gebiete der wissenschaftlichen Technik; With supplements; Mode of access: Internet},
	language = {ger},
	urldate = {2022-02-15},
	publisher = {Berlin [etc.]},
	author = {Ernst Dorn, Physikalisch-Technische Reichsanstalt (Germany)},
	collaborator = {{University of Michigan}},
	year = {1881},
	keywords = {Physical instruments},
}

@misc{noauthor_zeitschrift_nodate,
	title = {Zeitschrift für {Instrumentenkunde} : {Ernst} {Dorn} , {Physikalisch} -{Technische} {Reichsanstalt} ({Germany}) : {Free} {Download}, {Borrow}, and {Streaming} : {Internet} {Archive}},
	url = {https://archive.org/details/zeitschriftfrin11gergoog/page/n289/mode/2up},
	urldate = {2022-02-15},
	file = {Zeitschrift für Instrumentenkunde \: Ernst Dorn , Physikalisch -Technische Reichsanstalt (Germany) \: Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming \: Internet Archive:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/J3YV4GFT/2up.html:text/html},
}

@article{lloyd_quantum_1999,
	title = {Quantum search without entanglement},
	volume = {61},
	issn = {1050-2947, 1094-1622},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/9903057},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevA.61.010301},
	abstract = {Entanglement of quantum variables is usually thought to be a prerequisite for obtaining quantum speed-ups of information processing tasks such as searching databases. This paper presents methods for quantum search that give a speed-up over classical methods, but that do not require entanglement. These methods rely instead on interference to provide a speed-up. Search without entanglement comes at a cost: although they outperform analogous classical devices, the quantum devices that perform the search are not universal quantum computers and require exponentially greater overhead than a quantum computer that operates using entanglement. Quantum search without entanglement is compared to classical search using waves.},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2022-02-15},
	journal = {Physical Review A},
	author = {Lloyd, Seth},
	month = dec,
	year = {1999},
	note = {arXiv: quant-ph/9903057},
	keywords = {Quantum Physics},
	pages = {010301},
	annote = {Comment: 9 pages, TeX, submitted to Physical Review Letters},
	file = {arXiv Fulltext PDF:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/BBXBVH6J/Lloyd - 1999 - Quantum search without entanglement.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/G8UZ7KAE/9903057.html:text/html},
}

@article{carr_measuring_2020,
	title = {Measuring the {Faraday} effect in olive oil using permanent magnets and {Malus}' law},
	volume = {41},
	issn = {0143-0807, 1361-6404},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1908.08120},
	doi = {10.1088/1361-6404/ab50dd},
	abstract = {We present a simple permanent magnet set-up that can be used to measure the Faraday effect in gases, liquids and solids. By fitting the transmission curve as a function of polarizer angle (Malus' law) we average over fluctuations in the laser intensity and can extract phase shifts as small as \${\textbackslash}pm\$ 50 \${\textbackslash}mu\$rads. We have focused on measuring the Faraday effect in olive oil and find a Verdet coefficient of \$V\$ = 192 \${\textbackslash}pm\$ 1 deg T\${\textasciicircum}\{-1\}\$ m\${\textasciicircum}\{-1\}\$ at approximately 20 \${\textasciicircum}\{{\textbackslash}circ\}\$C for a wavelength of 659.2 nm. We show that the Verdet coefficient can be fit with a Drude-like dispersion law \$A/({\textbackslash}lambda{\textasciicircum}2 - {\textbackslash}lambda\_0{\textasciicircum}2)\$ with coefficients \$A\$ = 7.9 \${\textbackslash}pm\$ 0.2 \${\textbackslash}times\$ 10\${\textasciicircum}\{7\}\$ deg T\${\textasciicircum}\{-1\}\$ m\${\textasciicircum}\{-1\}\$ nm\${\textasciicircum}2\$ and \${\textbackslash}lambda\_0\$ = 142 \${\textbackslash}pm\$ 13 nm.},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2022-02-15},
	journal = {European Journal of Physics},
	author = {Carr, Daniel L. and Spong, Nicholas L. R. and Hughes, Ifan G. and Adams, Charles S.},
	month = mar,
	year = {2020},
	note = {arXiv: 1908.08120},
	keywords = {Physics - Optics, Physics - Physics Education, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors},
	pages = {025301},
	annote = {Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures This is the version of the article before peer review or editing, as submitted by an author to European Journal of Physics. IOP Publishing Ltd is not responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from it. The Version of Record is available online at https://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6404/ab50dd},
	file = {arXiv Fulltext PDF:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/GYYRCC4X/Carr et al. - 2020 - Measuring the Faraday effect in olive oil using pe.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/GV7LRZFF/1908.html:text/html},
}

@book{nielsen_quantum_2010,
	address = {Cambridge ; New York},
	edition = {10th anniversary ed},
	title = {Quantum {Computation} and {Quantum} {Information}},
	isbn = {978-1-107-00217-3},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	author = {Nielsen, Michael A. and Chuang, Isaac L.},
	year = {2010},
	keywords = {Quantum computers},
}

@article{scully_quantum_1982,
	title = {Quantum eraser: {A} proposed photon correlation experiment concerning observation and "delayed choice" in quantum mechanics},
	volume = {25},
	shorttitle = {Quantum eraser},
	url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevA.25.2208},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevA.25.2208},
	abstract = {We propose and analyze an experiment designed to probe the extent to which information accessible to an observer and the "eraser" of this information affects measured results. The proposed experiment could also be operated in a "delayed-choice" mode.},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2022-02-15},
	journal = {Physical Review A},
	author = {Scully, Marlan O. and Drühl, Kai},
	month = apr,
	year = {1982},
	note = {Publisher: American Physical Society},
	pages = {2208--2213},
	file = {APS Snapshot:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/JMSSIF4D/PhysRevA.25.html:text/html},
}

@article{cleve_quantum_1998,
	title = {Quantum {Algorithms} {Revisited}},
	volume = {454},
	issn = {1364-5021, 1471-2946},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/9708016},
	doi = {10.1098/rspa.1998.0164},
	abstract = {Quantum computers use the quantum interference of different computational paths to enhance correct outcomes and suppress erroneous outcomes of computations. A common pattern underpinning quantum algorithms can be identified when quantum computation is viewed as multi-particle interference. We use this approach to review (and improve) some of the existing quantum algorithms and to show how they are related to different instances of quantum phase estimation. We provide an explicit algorithm for generating any prescribed interference pattern with an arbitrary precision.},
	number = {1969},
	urldate = {2022-02-15},
	journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences},
	author = {Cleve, Richard and Ekert, Artur and Macchiavello, Chiara and Mosca, Michele},
	month = jan,
	year = {1998},
	note = {arXiv: quant-ph/9708016},
	keywords = {Quantum Physics},
	pages = {339--354},
	annote = {Comment: 18 pages, LaTeX, 7 figures. Submitted to Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. A},
	file = {arXiv Fulltext PDF:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/LQDE7YW3/Cleve et al. - 1998 - Quantum Algorithms Revisited.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/V4VFKZ84/9708016.html:text/html},
}

@article{sanguinetti_quantum_2014,
	title = {Quantum {Random} {Number} {Generation} on a {Mobile} {Phone}},
	volume = {4},
	url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevX.4.031056},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevX.4.031056},
	abstract = {Quantum random number generators (QRNGs) can significantly improve the security of cryptographic protocols by ensuring that generated keys cannot be predicted. However, the cost, size, and power requirements of current Quantum random number generators have prevented them from becoming widespread. In the meantime, the quality of the cameras integrated in mobile telephones has improved significantly so that now they are sensitive to light at the few-photon level. We demonstrate how these can be used to generate random numbers of a quantum origin.},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2022-02-15},
	journal = {Physical Review X},
	author = {Sanguinetti, Bruno and Martin, Anthony and Zbinden, Hugo and Gisin, Nicolas},
	month = sep,
	year = {2014},
	note = {arXiv: 1405.0435},
	pages = {031056},
	file = {Full Text PDF:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/NUNW8J6H/Sanguinetti et al. - 2014 - Quantum Random Number Generation on a Mobile Phone.pdf:application/pdf},
}

@article{barnett_quantum_2008,
	title = {Quantum state discrimination},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/0810.1970},
	abstract = {It is a fundamental consequence of the superposition principle for quantum states that there must exist non-orthogonal states, that is states that, although different, have a non-zero overlap. This finite overlap means that there is no way of determining with certainty in which of two such states a given physical system has been prepared. We review the various strategies that have been devised to discriminate optimally between non-orthogonal states and some of the optical experiments that have been performed to realise these.},
	urldate = {2022-02-15},
	journal = {arXiv:0810.1970 [quant-ph]},
	author = {Barnett, Stephen M. and Croke, Sarah},
	month = oct,
	year = {2008},
	note = {arXiv: 0810.1970},
	keywords = {Quantum Physics},
	annote = {Comment: 43 pages, submitted to Advances in Optics and Photonics},
	file = {arXiv Fulltext PDF:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/NFTAAWTJ/Barnett and Croke - 2008 - Quantum state discrimination.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/7SJK2JY9/0810.html:text/html},
}

@article{elitzur_quantum_1993,
	title = {Quantum {Mechanical} {Interaction}-{Free} {Measurements}},
	volume = {23},
	issn = {0015-9018, 1572-9516},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/9305002},
	doi = {10.1007/BF00736012},
	abstract = {A novel manifestation of nonlocality of quantum mechanics is presented. It is shown that it is possible to ascertain the existence of an object in a given region of space without interacting with it. The method might have practical applications for delicate quantum experiments.},
	number = {7},
	urldate = {2022-02-15},
	journal = {Foundations of Physics},
	author = {Elitzur, Avshalom C. and Vaidman, Lev},
	month = jul,
	year = {1993},
	note = {arXiv: hep-th/9305002},
	keywords = {High Energy Physics - Theory},
	pages = {987--997},
	annote = {Comment: (revised file with no need for macro), 12, TAUP 1865-91\#},
	file = {arXiv Fulltext PDF:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/QC2TK8CW/Elitzur and Vaidman - 1993 - Quantum Mechanical Interaction-Free Measurements.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/KYAJ4P9R/9305002.html:text/html},
}

@article{kwiat_experimental_1995,
	title = {Experimental {Realization} of {Interaction}-free {Measurementsa}},
	volume = {755},
	issn = {1749-6632},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1995.tb38981.x},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1749-6632.1995.tb38981.x},
	language = {en},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2022-02-15},
	journal = {Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences},
	author = {Kwiat, Paul and Weinfurter, Harald and Herzog, Thomas and Zeilinger, Anton and Kasevich, Mark},
	year = {1995},
	pages = {383--393},
}

@article{wootters_single_1982,
	title = {A single quantum cannot be cloned},
	volume = {299},
	copyright = {1982 Nature Publishing Group},
	issn = {1476-4687},
	url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/299802a0},
	doi = {10.1038/299802a0},
	abstract = {If a photon of definite polarization encounters an excited atom, there is typically some nonvanishing probability that the atom will emit a second photon by stimulated emission. Such a photon is guaranteed to have the same polarization as the original photon. But is it possible by this or any other process to amplify a quantum state, that is, to produce several copies of a quantum system (the polarized photon in the present case) each having the same state as the original? If it were, the amplifying process could be used to ascertain the exact state of a quantum system: in the case of a photon, one could determine its polarization by first producing a beam of identically polarized copies and then measuring the Stokes parameters1. We show here that the linearity of quantum mechanics forbids such replication and that this conclusion holds for all quantum systems.},
	language = {en},
	number = {5886},
	urldate = {2022-02-15},
	journal = {Nature},
	author = {Wootters, W. K. and Zurek, W. H.},
	month = oct,
	year = {1982},
	note = {Number: 5886
Publisher: Nature Publishing Group},
	keywords = {Humanities and Social Sciences, multidisciplinary, Science},
	pages = {802--803},
	file = {Snapshot:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/6MGR4YBS/299802a0.html:text/html},
}

@article{la_cour_virtual_2021,
	title = {The {Virtual} {Quantum} {Optics} {Laboratory}},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/2105.07300},
	abstract = {We present a web-based software tool, the Virtual Quantum Optics Laboratory (VQOL), that may be used for designing and executing realistic simulations of quantum optics experiments. A graphical user interface allows one to rapidly build and configure a variety of different optical experiments, while the runtime environment provides unique capabilities for visualization and analysis. All standard linear optical components are available as well as sources of thermal, coherent, and entangled Gaussian states. A unique aspect of VQOL is the introduction of non-Gaussian measurements using detectors modeled as deterministic devices that "click" when the amplitude of the light falls above a given threshold. We describe the underlying theoretical models and provide several illustrative examples. We find that VQOL provides a a faithful representation of many experimental quantum optics phenomena and may serve as both a useful instructional tool for students as well as a valuable research tool for practitioners.},
	urldate = {2022-02-15},
	journal = {arXiv:2105.07300 [quant-ph]},
	author = {La Cour, Brian R. and Maynard, Maria and Shroff, Parth and Ko, Gabriel and Ellis, Evan},
	month = may,
	year = {2021},
	note = {arXiv: 2105.07300},
	keywords = {Quantum Physics},
	annote = {Comment: 27 pages, 32 figures},
	file = {arXiv Fulltext PDF:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/C9HVFGLW/La Cour et al. - 2021 - The Virtual Quantum Optics Laboratory.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/PH3F6EWT/2105.html:text/html},
}

@article{deutsch_rapid_1992,
	title = {Rapid solution of problems by quantum computation},
	volume = {439},
	url = {https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspa.1992.0167},
	doi = {10.1098/rspa.1992.0167},
	abstract = {A class of problems is described which can be solved more efficiently by quantum computation than by any classical or stochastic method. The quantum computation solves the problem with certainty in exponentially less time than any classical deterministic computation.},
	number = {1907},
	urldate = {2022-02-15},
	journal = {Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Mathematical and Physical Sciences},
	author = {Deutsch, David and Jozsa, Richard},
	month = dec,
	year = {1992},
	note = {Publisher: Royal Society},
	pages = {553--558},
	file = {Full Text PDF:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/BH76TKYZ/Deutsch and Jozsa - 1992 - Rapid solution of problems by quantum computation.pdf:application/pdf},
}

@misc{noauthor_quantum_2021,
	title = {Quantum {Flytrap} {\textbar} {D}\&{AD} {Awards} 2021 {Shortlist} {\textbar} {Start}-{Up} / {Established} {Professional} {\textbar} {D}\&{AD}},
	url = {https://www.dandad.org/awards/professional/2021/234167/quantum-flytrap/},
	urldate = {2022-02-15},
	year = {2021},
	file = {Quantum Flytrap | Quantum Flytrap | D&AD Awards 2021 Shortlist | Start-Up / Established Professional | D&AD:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/HLY9NBG8/quantum-flytrap.html:text/html},
}

@article{englert_universal_2001,
	title = {Universal unitary gate for single-photon 2-qubit states},
	volume = {63},
	issn = {1050-2947, 1094-1622},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0101064},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevA.63.032303},
	abstract = {Upon entangling a spatial binary alternative of a photon with its polarization, one can use single photons to study arbitrary 2-qubit states. Sending the photon through a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, equipped with sets of wave plates that change the polarization, amounts to performing a unitary transformation on the 2-qubit state. We show that any desired unitary gate can be realized by a judicious choice of the parameters of the set-up and discuss a number of applications. They include the diagnosis of an unknown 2-qubit state, an optical Grover search, and the realization of a thought experiment invented by Vaidman, Aharonov, and Albert.},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2022-02-15},
	journal = {Physical Review A},
	author = {Englert, Berthold-Georg and Kurtsiefer, Christian and Weinfurter, Harald},
	month = feb,
	year = {2001},
	note = {arXiv: quant-ph/0101064},
	keywords = {Quantum Physics},
	pages = {032303},
	annote = {Comment: to appear in Phys. Rev. A, 10 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables},
	file = {arXiv Fulltext PDF:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/RN5PMNZS/Englert et al. - 2001 - Universal unitary gate for single-photon 2-qubit s.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/KLYLI8PL/0101064.html:text/html},
}

@misc{noauthor_outreach_nodate,
	title = {Outreach - {Quantum} {Flagship}},
	url = {https://qt.eu/about-quantum-flagship/outreach/},
	abstract = {Webportal of the Quantum Flagship initiative. The Second Quantum Revolution is unfolding now and the Quantum Flagship is driving this revolution in Europe. Discover Quantum Technologies, learn more about the project and engage with the Quantum Technology Community.},
	language = {en-US},
	urldate = {2022-02-15},
	journal = {Quantum Technology},
	file = {Snapshot:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/DUIQXHSQ/outreach.html:text/html},
}

@inproceedings{dorland_quantum_2019,
	address = {Cham},
	series = {Lecture {Notes} in {Computer} {Science}},
	title = {Quantum {Physics} vs. {Classical} {Physics}: {Introducing} the {Basics} with a {Virtual} {Reality} {Game}},
	isbn = {978-3-030-34350-7},
	shorttitle = {Quantum {Physics} vs. {Classical} {Physics}},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-34350-7_37},
	abstract = {Unlike classical physics, quantum physics is harder to explain, as it involves very small scales and phenomena that are not visible to the naked eye. Understanding the differences between classical and quantum physics is difficult, especially for children, who cannot grasp the subtleties conveyed in complicated formulae.We propose to achieve this in a playful and immersive manner, which is a more familiar and convenient way to introduce children to new concepts. For this we developed Save Schrödinger’s Cat, a puzzle game in virtual reality featuring a classical physics mode and a quantum physics mode. As virtual objects and phenomena behave differently in each mode, this mechanic encourages players to toggle between modes, in order to explore the differences between quantum and classical physics in an immersive, entertaining and challenging way. A preliminary evaluation showed that players could better identify various distinguishing features of either mode.},
	language = {en},
	booktitle = {Games and {Learning} {Alliance}},
	publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
	author = {Dorland, Bob and van Hal, Lennard and Lageweg, Stanley and Mulder, Jurgen and Schreuder, Rinke and Zaidi, Amir and Alderliesten, Jan Willem David and Bidarra, Rafael},
	editor = {Liapis, Antonios and Yannakakis, Georgios N. and Gentile, Manuel and Ninaus, Manuel},
	year = {2019},
	keywords = {Classical physics, Educational games, Quantum physics, Virtual reality},
	pages = {383--393},
	file = {Full Text:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/IVPUH2FK/Dorland et al. - 2019 - Quantum Physics vs. Classical Physics Introducing.pdf:application/pdf},
}

@article{ornes_science_2018,
	title = {Science and {Culture}: {Quantum} games aim to demystify heady science},
	volume = {115},
	copyright = {© 2018 . http://www.pnas.org/site/aboutpnas/licenses.xhtmlPublished under the PNAS license.},
	issn = {0027-8424, 1091-6490},
	shorttitle = {Science and {Culture}},
	url = {https://www.pnas.org/content/115/8/1667},
	doi = {10.1073/pnas.1800744115},
	abstract = {In a video game called Quantum Moves, the players’ goal is straightforward: Move an atom from one place to another as quickly and efficiently as possible while a timer counts down the seconds. Atoms in the game aren’t represented as mini solar systems with electron “planets” moving around them, like those you see in a middle-school textbook. Rather, they’re liquid-like waves sloshing in a roughly U-shaped curve. To move the atoms, players have to move the curve.



In one level of the game Quantum Moves, called “Bring Home Water,” players must use a laser (round marker on the left) to pick up atoms (light purple areas inside the valleys) and deposit them in the trap (vertical purple strip). Users drag the valleys toward the trap and deposit as much of the atom as possible. Image courtesy of Scienceathome.org.



The antagonists in video games tend to be monsters or zombies, but Quantum Moves pits players against the fundamental laws of nature. The waves represent the changing probability distribution of the atom’s location, showing where it’s most likely to be measured. Players get points when they shuffle the waves into a designated location, and the more waves that get there, the more points players earn. But that’s tricky. The atom-waves slosh around, often high enough to splash out of the curve and disappear.

As levels advance, the atomic waves become less predictable: It's harder to tell where they'll move. Other quantum phenomena come into play, such as tunneling, which is the probability that a particle will pass through a solid barrier. On screen, that means the waves might vanish from one curve—and show up in another.

Quantum mechanics may be among the strangest and most abstruse subject matters in science. Its fundamental ideas are fussy, counterintuitive, and difficult to explain to …},
	language = {en},
	number = {8},
	urldate = {2022-02-15},
	journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
	author = {Ornes, Stephen},
	month = feb,
	year = {2018},
	pmid = {29463780},
	note = {Publisher: National Academy of Sciences
Section: Science and Culture},
	pages = {1667--1669},
	file = {Full Text PDF:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/54R27DIZ/Ornes - 2018 - Science and Culture Quantum games aim to demystif.pdf:application/pdf},
}

@inproceedings{ashktorab_thinking_2019,
	address = {New York, NY, USA},
	series = {{CHI} '19},
	title = {Thinking {Too} {Classically}: {Research} {Topics} in {Human}-{Quantum} {Computer} {Interaction}},
	isbn = {978-1-4503-5970-2},
	shorttitle = {Thinking {Too} {Classically}},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3290605.3300486},
	doi = {10.1145/3290605.3300486},
	abstract = {Quantum computing is a fundamentally different way of performing computation than classical computing. Many problems that are considered hard for classical computers may have efficient solutions using quantum computers. Recently, technology companies including IBM, Microsoft, and Google have invested in developing both quantum computing hardware and software to explore the potential of quantum computing. Because of the radical shift in computing paradigms that quantum represents, we see an opportunity to study the unique needs people have when interacting with quantum systems, what we call Quantum HCI (QHCI). Based on interviews with experts in quantum computing, we identify four areas in which HCI researchers can contribute to the field of quantum computing. These areas include understanding current and future quantum users, tools for programming and debugging quantum algorithms, visualizations of quantum states, and educational materials to train the first generation of "quantum native" programmers.},
	urldate = {2022-02-15},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2019 {CHI} {Conference} on {Human} {Factors} in {Computing} {Systems}},
	publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
	author = {Ashktorab, Zahra and Weisz, Justin D. and Ashoori, Maryam},
	month = may,
	year = {2019},
	keywords = {human-quantum computer interaction, qhci, quantum computing education},
	pages = {1--12},
}

@inproceedings{weisz_entanglion_2018,
	address = {New York, NY, USA},
	series = {{CHI} {PLAY} '18},
	title = {Entanglion: {A} {Board} {Game} for {Teaching} the {Principles} of {Quantum} {Computing}},
	isbn = {978-1-4503-5624-4},
	shorttitle = {Entanglion},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3242671.3242696},
	doi = {10.1145/3242671.3242696},
	abstract = {Educational games are a creative, enjoyable way for students to learn about technical concepts. We present Entanglion, a board game that aims to introduce the fundamental concepts of quantum computing -- a highly technical domain -- to students and enthusiasts of all ages. We describe our iterative design process and feedback from evaluations we conducted with students and professionals. Our playtesters gave positive feedback on our game, indicating it was engaging while simultaneously educational. We discuss a number of lessons we learned from our experience designing and evaluating a pedagogical game for a highly technical subject.},
	urldate = {2022-02-15},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2018 {Annual} {Symposium} on {Computer}-{Human} {Interaction} in {Play}},
	publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
	author = {Weisz, Justin D. and Ashoori, Maryam and Ashktorab, Zahra},
	month = oct,
	year = {2018},
	keywords = {quantum computing education, board game, game-based learning, pedagogical tools},
	pages = {523--534},
}

@article{foti_quantum_2021,
	title = {Quantum {Physics} {Literacy} {Aimed} at {K12} and the {General} {Public}},
	volume = {7},
	copyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/},
	issn = {2218-1997},
	url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/7/4/86},
	doi = {10.3390/universe7040086},
	abstract = {Educating K12 students and general public in quantum physics represents an evitable must no longer since quantum technologies are going to revolutionize our lives. Quantum literacy is a formidable challenge and an extraordinary opportunity for a massive cultural uplift, where citizens learn how to engender creativity and practice a new way of thinking, essential for smart community building. Scientific thinking hinges on analyzing facts and creating understanding, and it is then formulated with the dense mathematical language for later fact checking. Within classical physics, learners’ intuition may in principle be educated via classroom demonstrations of everyday-life phenomena. Their understanding can even be framed with the mathematics suited to their instruction degree. For quantum physics, on the contrary, we have no experience of quantum phenomena and the required mathematics is beyond non-expert reach. Therefore, educating intuition needs imagination. Without rooting to experiments and some degree of formal framing, educators face the risk to provide only evanescent tales, often misled, while resorting to familiar analogies. Here, we report on the realization of QPlayLearn, an online platform conceived to explicitly address challenges and opportunities of massive quantum literacy. QPlayLearn’s mission is to provide multilevel education on quantum science and technologies to anyone, regardless of age and background. To this aim, innovative interactive tools enhance the learning process effectiveness, fun, and accessibility, while remaining grounded on scientific correctness. Examples are games for basic quantum physics teaching, on-purpose designed animations, and easy-to-understand explanations on terminology and concepts by global experts. As a strategy for massive cultural change, QPlayLearn offers diversified content for different target groups, from primary school all the way to university physics students. It is addressed also to companies wishing to understand the potential of the emergent quantum industry, journalists, and policymakers needing to seize what quantum technologies are about, as well as all quantum science enthusiasts.},
	language = {en},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2022-02-15},
	journal = {Universe},
	author = {Foti, Caterina and Anttila, Daria and Maniscalco, Sabrina and Chiofalo, Maria Luisa},
	month = apr,
	year = {2021},
	note = {Number: 4
Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute},
	keywords = {games with a purpose, methods for physics teaching, quantum physics education},
	pages = {86},
	file = {Full Text PDF:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/7234YPMQ/Foti et al. - 2021 - Quantum Physics Literacy Aimed at K12 and the Gene.pdf:application/pdf},
}

@inproceedings{parakh_novel_2020,
	address = {New York, NY, USA},
	series = {{SIGITE} '20},
	title = {A {Novel} {Approach} for {Embedding} and {Traversing} {Problems} in {Serious} {Games}},
	isbn = {978-1-4503-7045-5},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3368308.3415417},
	doi = {10.1145/3368308.3415417},
	abstract = {This paper presents a novel approach for embedding and traversing problems in serious games. Given a set of concepts, problems built upon these concepts, and the complexities of the concepts, we propose an automatic mechanism that aids the game developers on which problems can be put on the same level and which problems must only be reachable when certain dependencies are met. The proposed network traversal algorithm allows the player/student to efficiently complete all the problems with increasing complexity at each step. The proposed approach is general purpose and has has been implemented in our quantum cryptography game, QuaSim.},
	urldate = {2022-02-15},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 21st {Annual} {Conference} on {Information} {Technology} {Education}},
	publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
	author = {Parakh, Abhishek and Subramaniam, Mahadevan and Chundi, Parvathi and Ostler, Elliott},
	month = oct,
	year = {2020},
	keywords = {problem distribution and embedding, problem network traversal, quantum cryptography, serious games},
	pages = {229--235},
}

@inproceedings{parakh_approach_2019,
	title = {An {Approach} {Towards} {Designing} {Problem} {Networks} in {Serious} {Games}},
	doi = {10.1109/CIG.2019.8848055},
	abstract = {Integrating of subject matter onto serious games is an important problem that has been shown to impact the learning potential of serious games. A novel approach, inspired by peer-to-peer (P2P) networks, towards designing and deploying a series of problems in game scenarios is described. Given a set of problems involving a set of concepts the proposed approach automatically generates a problem network graph akin to P2P network that can then traversed by a player to collect all the concepts that are necessary to learn a topic of interest. A network traversal algorithm is described, which identifies the relevant problems and produces an efficient route through the network for learning the topic. We also describe an algorithm for mapping the problem network graph onto a game scenario by identifying groups of problems that can be placed in a single location of the game like the level of a building, arcade, or a room, physical barriers that separate, and the conditions for passing through these barriers. The proposed approach has been validated through a quantum cryptography game QuaSim and has been played by over 100 students to learn quantum cryptography basics and cryptography protocols.},
	booktitle = {2019 {IEEE} {Conference} on {Games} ({CoG})},
	author = {Parakh, A. and Chundi, P. and Subramaniam, M.},
	month = aug,
	year = {2019},
	note = {ISSN: 2325-4289},
	keywords = {quantum computing, Games, Quantum computing, Navigation, quantum cryptography, Computer security, Education, game design, peer-peer networks, Peer-to-peer computing, Quantum cryptography, Serious games},
	pages = {1--8},
}

@article{costa_computational_2018,
	title = {Computational {Complexity} of {Games} and {Puzzles}},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1807.04724},
	abstract = {In this thesis, we survey techniques and results from the study of Complexity Theory and Games. We then apply these techniques to obtain new results for previously unstudied games. Our contributions in the games Hexiom, Cut the Rope, and Back to Bed may be helpful in further studies by exploiting structure common to several games. We also highlight some interesting paths for further study related to uncertainty that have yet to receive thorough study given their prevalence in today's games.},
	urldate = {2022-02-15},
	journal = {arXiv:1807.04724 [cs]},
	author = {Costa, Diogo M.},
	month = jul,
	year = {2018},
	note = {arXiv: 1807.04724},
	keywords = {Computer Science - Computational Complexity},
	annote = {Comment: Master's thesis (Jul 2018)},
	file = {arXiv Fulltext PDF:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/9AUADFNA/Costa - 2018 - Computational Complexity of Games and Puzzles.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/WJNM9QXG/1807.html:text/html},
}

@article{luo_comprehensive_2022,
	title = {A {Comprehensive} {Study} of {Bug} {Fixes} in {Quantum} {Programs}},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/2201.08662},
	abstract = {As quantum programming evolves, more and more quantum programming languages are being developed. As a result, debugging and testing quantum programs have become increasingly important. While bug fixing in classical programs has come a long way, there is a lack of research in quantum programs. To this end, this paper presents a comprehensive study on bug fixing in quantum programs. We collect and investigate 96 real-world bugs and their fixes from four popular quantum programming languages Qiskit, Cirq, Q\#, and ProjectQ). Our study shows that a high proportion of bugs in quantum programs are quantum-specific bugs (over 80\%), which requires further research in the bug fixing domain. We also summarize and extend the bug patterns in quantum programs and subdivide the most critical part, math-related bugs, to make it more applicable to the study of quantum programs. Our findings summarize the characteristics of bugs in quantum programs and provide a basis for studying testing and debugging quantum programs.},
	urldate = {2022-02-15},
	journal = {arXiv:2201.08662 [quant-ph]},
	author = {Luo, Junjie and Zhao, Pengzhan and Miao, Zhongtao and Lan, Shuhan and Zhao, Jianjun},
	month = jan,
	year = {2022},
	note = {arXiv: 2201.08662},
	keywords = {Quantum Physics, Computer Science - Programming Languages, Computer Science - Software Engineering},
	file = {arXiv Fulltext PDF:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/JFIN92AS/Luo et al. - 2022 - A Comprehensive Study of Bug Fixes in Quantum Prog.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/FP77EJ2E/2201.html:text/html},
}

@article{paltenghi_bugs_2021,
	title = {Bugs in {Quantum} {Computing} {Platforms}: {An} {Empirical} {Study}},
	shorttitle = {Bugs in {Quantum} {Computing} {Platforms}},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/2110.14560},
	abstract = {The interest in quantum computing is growing, and with it, the importance of software platforms to develop quantum programs. Ensuring the correctness of such platforms is important, and it requires a thorough understanding of the bugs they typically suffer from. To address this need, this paper presents the first in-depth study of bugs in quantum computing platforms. We gather and inspect a set of 223 real-world bugs from 18 open-source quantum computing platforms. Our study shows that a significant fraction of these bugs (39.9\%) are quantum-specific, calling for dedicated approaches to prevent and find them. The bugs are spread across various components, but quantum-specific bugs occur particularly often in components that represent, compile, and optimize quantum programming abstractions. Many quantum-specific bugs manifest through unexpected outputs, rather than more obvious signs of misbehavior, such as crashes. Finally, we present a hierarchy of recurrent bug patterns, including ten novel, quantum-specific patterns. Our findings not only show the importance and prevalence bugs in quantum computing platforms, but they help developers to avoid common mistakes and tool builders to tackle the challenge of preventing, finding, and fixing these bugs.},
	urldate = {2022-02-15},
	journal = {arXiv:2110.14560 [cs]},
	author = {Paltenghi, Matteo and Pradel, Michael},
	month = nov,
	year = {2021},
	note = {arXiv: 2110.14560},
	keywords = {Computer Science - Programming Languages, D.3},
	annote = {Comment: 26 pages, 21 figures, added link to data artifacts as footnote of page 3},
	file = {arXiv Fulltext PDF:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/D79BER8Q/Paltenghi and Pradel - 2021 - Bugs in Quantum Computing Platforms An Empirical .pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/AB9T2MKE/2110.html:text/html},
}

@article{nita_inclusive_2021,
	title = {Inclusive learning for quantum computing: supporting the aims of quantum literacy using the puzzle game {Quantum} {Odyssey}},
	shorttitle = {Inclusive learning for quantum computing},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/2106.07077},
	abstract = {With a vast domain of applications and now having quantum computing hardware available for commercial use, an education challenge arises in getting people of various background to become quantum literate. Quantum Odyssey is a new piece of computer software that promises to be a medium where people can learn quantum computing without any previous requirements. It aims to achieve this through visual cues and puzzle play, without requiring the user to possess a background in computer coding or even linear algebra, which are traditionally a must to work on quantum algorithms. In this paper we report our findings on an UKRI Citizen Science grant that involves using Quantum Odyssey to teach how to construct quantum computing algorithms. Sessions involved 30 minutes of play, with 10 groups of 5 students, ranging between 11 to 18 years old, in two schools in the UK. Results show the Quantum Odyssey visual methods are efficient in portraying counterintuitive quantum computational logic in a visual and interactive form. This enabled untrained participants to quickly grasp difficult concepts in an intuitive way and solve problems that are traditionally given today in Masters level courses in a mathematical form. The results also show an increased interest in quantum physics after play, a higher openness and curiosity to learn the mathematics behind computing on quantum systems. Participants developed a visual, rather than mathematical intuition, that enabled them to understand and correctly answer entry level technical quantum information science.},
	urldate = {2022-02-15},
	journal = {arXiv:2106.07077 [physics, physics:quant-ph]},
	author = {Nita, Laurentiu and Chancellor, Nicholas and Smith, Laura Mazzoli and Cramman, Helen and Dost, Gulsah},
	month = jun,
	year = {2021},
	note = {arXiv: 2106.07077},
	keywords = {Quantum Physics, Physics - Physics Education},
	annote = {Comment: 26 pages, 5 figures, results of a feasibility study using Quantum Odyssey to teach quantum computing in schools},
	file = {arXiv Fulltext PDF:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/C3S42X2E/Nita et al. - 2021 - Inclusive learning for quantum computing supporti.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/ND3ELGXH/2106.html:text/html},
}

@article{bergholm_pennylane_2020,
	title = {{PennyLane}: {Automatic} differentiation of hybrid quantum-classical computations},
	shorttitle = {{PennyLane}},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1811.04968},
	abstract = {PennyLane is a Python 3 software framework for optimization and machine learning of quantum and hybrid quantum-classical computations. The library provides a unified architecture for near-term quantum computing devices, supporting both qubit and continuous-variable paradigms. PennyLane's core feature is the ability to compute gradients of variational quantum circuits in a way that is compatible with classical techniques such as backpropagation. PennyLane thus extends the automatic differentiation algorithms common in optimization and machine learning to include quantum and hybrid computations. A plugin system makes the framework compatible with any gate-based quantum simulator or hardware. We provide plugins for Strawberry Fields, Rigetti Forest, Qiskit, Cirq, and ProjectQ, allowing PennyLane optimizations to be run on publicly accessible quantum devices provided by Rigetti and IBM Q. On the classical front, PennyLane interfaces with accelerated machine learning libraries such as TensorFlow, PyTorch, and autograd. PennyLane can be used for the optimization of variational quantum eigensolvers, quantum approximate optimization, quantum machine learning models, and many other applications.},
	urldate = {2022-02-15},
	journal = {arXiv:1811.04968 [physics, physics:quant-ph]},
	author = {Bergholm, Ville and Izaac, Josh and Schuld, Maria and Gogolin, Christian and Alam, M. Sohaib and Ahmed, Shahnawaz and Arrazola, Juan Miguel and Blank, Carsten and Delgado, Alain and Jahangiri, Soran and McKiernan, Keri and Meyer, Johannes Jakob and Niu, Zeyue and Száva, Antal and Killoran, Nathan},
	month = feb,
	year = {2020},
	note = {arXiv: 1811.04968},
	keywords = {Quantum Physics, Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Emerging Technologies, Physics - Computational Physics},
	annote = {Comment: Code available at https://github.com/XanaduAI/pennylane/ . Significant contributions to the code (new features, new plugins, etc.) will be recognized by the opportunity to be a co-author on this paper},
	file = {arXiv Fulltext PDF:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/7GMHGJLT/Bergholm et al. - 2020 - PennyLane Automatic differentiation of hybrid qua.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/XIUKNI6C/1811.html:text/html},
}

@article{farris_domain_2017,
	title = {Domain {Coloring} and the {Argument} {Principle}},
	volume = {27},
	issn = {1051-1970, 1935-4053},
	url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10511970.2016.1234526},
	doi = {10.1080/10511970.2016.1234526},
	language = {en},
	number = {8-9},
	urldate = {2022-02-15},
	journal = {PRIMUS},
	author = {Farris, Frank A.},
	month = oct,
	year = {2017},
	pages = {827--844},
	file = {Submitted Version:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/L5RBCCJN/Farris - 2017 - Domain Coloring and the Argument Principle.pdf:application/pdf},
}

@article{fingerhuth_open_2018,
	title = {Open source software in quantum computing},
	volume = {13},
	issn = {1932-6203},
	url = {https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0208561},
	doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0208561},
	language = {en},
	number = {12},
	urldate = {2022-02-15},
	journal = {PLOS ONE},
	author = {Fingerhuth, Mark and Babej, Tomáš and Wittek, Peter},
	editor = {Mueck, Leonie Anna},
	month = dec,
	year = {2018},
	note = {arXiv: 1812.09167},
	pages = {e0208561},
	file = {Full Text:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/ZYGLGIDT/Fingerhuth et al. - 2018 - Open source software in quantum computing.pdf:application/pdf},
}

@misc{migdal_quantum_2022-2,
	title = {Quantum {Tensors} - an {NPM} package for sparse matrix operations for quantum information and computing},
	url = {https://github.com/Quantum-Flytrap/quantum-tensors},
	abstract = {Quantum Tensors - NPM package for sparse matrix operations for quantum information and computing},
	urldate = {2022-02-15},
	publisher = {Quantum Flytrap},
	author = {Migdał, Piotr and Cochin, Phillipe},
	month = jan,
	year = {2022},
	note = {original-date: 2019-06-17T16:51:30Z},
	keywords = {quantum-game, quantum-mechanics, complex-numbers, quantum-computing, matrix, quantum-information, quantum-tensors, tensor, typescript, vector},
}

@article{hillmer_-it-yourself_2007,
	title = {A do-it-yourself quantum eraser},
	volume = {296},
	doi = {10.1038/scientificamerican0507-90},
	number = {5},
	journal = {Scientific American},
	author = {Hillmer, Rachel and Kwiat, Paul},
	year = {2007},
	pages = {90--95},
	file = {Full Text:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/7GPYABXX/Hillmer and Kwiat - 2007 - A do-it-yourself quantum eraser.doc:application/msword;Snapshot:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/QDJUP6Q5/26069273.html:text/html},
}

@incollection{ekert_quantum_1992,
	address = {Boston, MA},
	series = {{NATO} {ASI} {Series}},
	title = {Quantum {Cryptography} and {Bell}’s {Theorem}},
	isbn = {978-1-4615-3386-3},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3386-3_34},
	abstract = {In this article, I would like to show you a glimpse of beauty which one can easily find in the union of cryptography and quantum theory. So this is a story about quanta and ciphers. I will show how quantum mechanics protects the so-called key distribution process in cryptography. The proposed scheme is based on the well-known Bohm’s version of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen gedankenexperiment 1,2; the generalized Bell’s theorem (Clauser - Horne - Shimony - Holt inequalities)3,4 is used to test for eavesdropping. However, before I proceed any further, let me start with some historical remarks followed by some basic notions of cryptography.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2022-02-16},
	booktitle = {Quantum {Measurements} in {Optics}},
	publisher = {Springer US},
	author = {Ekert, Artur K.},
	editor = {Tombesi, Paolo and Walls, Daniel F.},
	year = {1992},
	doi = {10.1007/978-1-4615-3386-3_34},
	keywords = {Legitimate User, Quantum Cryptography, Secret Message, Spin Component, Unlimited Computing Power6},
	pages = {413--418},
}

@article{clauser_proposed_1969,
	title = {Proposed {Experiment} to {Test} {Local} {Hidden}-{Variable} {Theories}},
	volume = {23},
	url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.23.880},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.23.880},
	abstract = {A theorem of Bell, proving that certain predictions of quantum mechanics are inconsistent with the entire family of local hidden-variable theories, is generalized so as to apply to realizable experiments. A proposed extension of the experiment of Kocher and Commins, on the polarization correlation of a pair of optical photons, will provide a decisive test between quantum mechanics and local hidden-variable theories.},
	number = {15},
	urldate = {2022-02-16},
	journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	author = {Clauser, John F. and Horne, Michael A. and Shimony, Abner and Holt, Richard A.},
	month = oct,
	year = {1969},
	note = {Publisher: American Physical Society},
	pages = {880--884},
	file = {APS Snapshot:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/2N7NFCY3/PhysRevLett.23.html:text/html},
}

@article{bennett_teleporting_1993,
	title = {Teleporting an unknown quantum state via dual classical and {Einstein}-{Podolsky}-{Rosen} channels},
	volume = {70},
	url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.70.1895},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.70.1895},
	abstract = {An unknown quantum state ‖φ〉 can be disassembled into, then later reconstructed from, purely classical information and purely nonclassical Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) correlations. To do so the sender, ‘‘Alice,’’ and the receiver, ‘‘Bob,’’ must prearrange the sharing of an EPR-correlated pair of particles. Alice makes a joint measurement on her EPR particle and the unknown quantum system, and sends Bob the classical result of this measurement. Knowing this, Bob can convert the state of his EPR particle into an exact replica of the unknown state ‖φ〉 which Alice destroyed., This article appears in the following collection:},
	number = {13},
	urldate = {2022-02-16},
	journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	author = {Bennett, Charles H. and Brassard, Gilles and Crépeau, Claude and Jozsa, Richard and Peres, Asher and Wootters, William K.},
	month = mar,
	year = {1993},
	note = {Publisher: American Physical Society},
	pages = {1895--1899},
	file = {APS Snapshot:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/UBZCFZAU/PhysRevLett.70.html:text/html;Full Text PDF:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/2T6I6DF3/Bennett et al. - 1993 - Teleporting an unknown quantum state via dual clas.pdf:application/pdf},
}

@article{boschi_experimental_1998,
	title = {Experimental {Realization} of {Teleporting} an {Unknown} {Pure} {Quantum} {State} via {Dual} {Classical} and {Einstein}-{Podolski}-{Rosen} {Channels}},
	volume = {80},
	issn = {0031-9007, 1079-7114},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/9710013},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.80.1121},
	abstract = {We report on a quantum optical experimental implementation of teleportation of unknown pure quantum states. This realizes all the nonlocal aspects of the original scheme proposed by Bennett et al. and is equivalent to it up to a local operation. We exhibit results for the teleportation of a linearly polarized state and of an elliptically polarized state. We show that the experimental results cannot be explained in terms of a classical channel alone.},
	number = {6},
	urldate = {2022-02-16},
	journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	author = {Boschi, D. and Branca, S. and De Martini, F. and Hardy, L. and Popescu, S.},
	month = feb,
	year = {1998},
	note = {arXiv: quant-ph/9710013},
	keywords = {Quantum Physics},
	pages = {1121--1125},
	annote = {Comment: 11 pages LaTeX, 3 figures, 1 page figures captions. The figures and figures captions are not encapsulated; please print them separately},
	file = {arXiv Fulltext PDF:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/PWRC4YTV/Boschi et al. - 1998 - Experimental Realization of Teleporting an Unknown.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/T6HSR5CK/9710013.html:text/html},
}

@article{bouwmeester_experimental_1997,
	title = {Experimental quantum teleportation},
	volume = {390},
	issn = {0028-0836, 1476-4687},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1901.11004},
	doi = {10.1038/37539},
	abstract = {Quantum teleportation -- the transmission and reconstruction over arbitrary distances of the state of a quantum system -- is demonstrated experimentally. During teleportation, an initial photon which carries the polarization that is to be transferred and one of a pair of entangled photons are subjected to a measurement such that the second photon of the entangled pair acquires the polarization of the initial photon. This latter photon can be arbitrarily far away from the initial one. Quantum teleportation will be a critical ingredient for quantum computation networks.},
	number = {6660},
	urldate = {2022-02-16},
	journal = {Nature},
	author = {Bouwmeester, Dik and Pan, Jian-Wei and Mattle, Klaus and Eibl, Manfred and Weinfurter, Harald and Zeilinger, Anton},
	month = dec,
	year = {1997},
	note = {arXiv: 1901.11004},
	keywords = {Quantum Physics},
	pages = {575--579},
	annote = {Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures},
	file = {arXiv Fulltext PDF:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/6VZSCS95/Bouwmeester et al. - 1997 - Experimental quantum teleportation.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/I5Z9CBU8/1901.html:text/html},
}

@article{migdal_entanglement_2013,
	title = {Entanglement classes of permutation-symmetric qudit states: {Symmetric} operations suffice},
	volume = {88},
	shorttitle = {Entanglement classes of permutation-symmetric qudit states},
	url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevA.88.012335},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevA.88.012335},
	abstract = {We analyze entanglement classes for permutation-symmetric states for n qudits (i.e., d-level systems), with respect to local unitary operations (LU equivalence) and stochastic local operations and classical communication (SLOCC equivalence). In both cases, we show that the search can be restricted to operations where the same local operation acts on all qudits, and we provide an explicit construction for it. Stabilizers of states in the form of one-particle operations preserving permutation symmetry are shown to provide a coarse-grained classification of entanglement classes. We prove that the Jordan form of such one-particle operators is a SLOCC invariant. We find, as representatives of those classes, a discrete set of entangled states that generalize the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger and W states for the many-particle qudit case. In the latter case, we introduce the excitation state as a natural generalization of the W state for d{\textgreater}2.},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2022-02-16},
	journal = {Physical Review A},
	author = {Migdał, Piotr and Rodriguez-Laguna, Javier and Lewenstein, Maciej},
	month = jul,
	year = {2013},
	note = {arXiv: 1305.1506},
	pages = {012335},
	file = {APS Snapshot:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/RT2LANCM/PhysRevA.88.html:text/html;Submitted Version:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/SMSLIVJ5/Migdał et al. - 2013 - Entanglement classes of permutation-symmetric qudi.pdf:application/pdf},
}

@book{card_psychology_2008,
	address = {Mahwah, NJ},
	edition = {Repr},
	title = {The {Psychology} of {Human}-{Computer} {Interaction}},
	isbn = {978-0-89859-859-9 978-0-89859-243-6},
	language = {eng},
	publisher = {Erlbaum},
	author = {Card, Stuart K. and Moran, Thomas P. and Newell, Allen},
	year = {2008},
	file = {Table of Contents PDF:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/4RBEHWN9/Card et al. - 2008 - The psychology of human-computer interaction.pdf:application/pdf},
}

@inproceedings{claypool_perspectives_2009,
	address = {New York, NY, USA},
	series = {{FDG} '09},
	title = {Perspectives, frame rates and resolutions: it's all in the game},
	isbn = {978-1-60558-437-9},
	shorttitle = {Perspectives, frame rates and resolutions},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/1536513.1536530},
	doi = {10.1145/1536513.1536530},
	abstract = {Hardware and platform limitations restrict the display settings for most computer games, forcing a tradeoff between frame rate and resolution to achieve acceptable performance. Previous work has explored the effects of frame rate and/or resolution on a variety of multimedia applications, but most of these are less interactive than typical computer games. Previous work within the context of computer games has concentrated primarily on user actions for specific environments, such as combat in a first-person shooter game. This paper provides a detailed study of the effects of frame rate and resolution on discrete, canonical actions common to many games, shooting and navigation. The study uses a novel perspective based classification defined by the position of the camera relative to the user and the visual change in object sizes relative to the camera, to further refine the findings across a broad spectrum of game genres. A custom game with levels that combine actions and perspectives and measures user performance with different display settings provides the core for the user study experiments. Analysis for over 25 users shows that frame rate has a much greater impact on user performance than does resolution across all game perspectives and gameplay actions. Both frame rate and resolution impact user opinion on playability and quality. These insights into the effects of frame rates and resolution on user performance and opinions can guide game players in their choice for game settings and new hardware purchases, and inform system designers in their development of new hardware.},
	urldate = {2022-02-16},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 4th {International} {Conference} on {Foundations} of {Digital} {Games}},
	publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
	author = {Claypool, Mark and Claypool, Kajal},
	month = apr,
	year = {2009},
	pages = {42--49},
}

@article{sagnac_lether_1913,
	title = {L'éther lumineux démontré par l'effet du vent relatif d'éther dans un interféromètre en rotation uniforme},
	volume = {157},
	journal = {CR Acad. Sci.},
	author = {Sagnac, Georges},
	year = {1913},
	pages = {708--710},
	file = {Snapshot:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/J56EWAXV/10021107346.html:text/html},
}

@article{braginsky_quantum_1980,
	title = {Quantum {Nondemolition} {Measurements}},
	volume = {209},
	url = {https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.209.4456.547},
	doi = {10.1126/science.209.4456.547},
	number = {4456},
	urldate = {2022-02-16},
	journal = {Science},
	author = {Braginsky, Vladimir B. and Vorontsov, Yuri I. and Thorne, Kip S.},
	month = aug,
	year = {1980},
	note = {Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science},
	pages = {547--557},
}

@article{seskir_quantum_2022,
	title = {Quantum {Games} and {Interactive} {Tools} for {Quantum} {Technologies} {Outreach} and {Education}},
	shorttitle = {Quantum {Games} and {Interactive} {Tools} for {Quantum} {Technologies} {Outreach} and {Education}},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/2202.07756},
	abstract = {In this review, we provide an extensive overview of a wide range of quantum games and interactive tools that have been employed by the community in recent years. The paper presents selected tools, as described by their developers. The list includes: Hello Quantum, Hello Qiskit, Particle in a Box, Psi and Delta, QPlayLearn, Virtual Lab by Quantum Flytrap, Quantum Odyssey, ScienceAtHome, and The Virtual Quantum Optics Laboratory. Additionally, we present events for quantum game development: hackathons, game jams, and semester projects. Furthermore, we discuss the Quantum Technologies Education for Everyone (QUTE4E) pilot project, which illustrates an effective integration of these interactive tools with quantum outreach and education activities. Finally, we aim at providing guidelines for incorporating quantum games and interactive tools in pedagogic materials to make quantum technologies more accessible for a wider population.},
	urldate = {2022-02-17},
	journal = {arXiv:2202.07756 [physics, physics:quant-ph]},
	author = {Seskir, Zeki C. and Migdał, Piotr and Weidner, Carrie and Anupam, Aditya and Case, Nicky and Davis, Noah and Decaroli, Chiara and Ercan, İlke and Foti, Caterina and Gora, Paweł and Jankiewicz, Klementyna and La Cour, Brian R. and Malo, Jorge Yago and Naeemi, Azad and Nita, Laurentiu and Parvin, Nassim and Scafirimuto, Fabio and Sherson, Jacob F. and Surer, Elif and Wootton, James and Yeh, Lia and Zabello, Olga and Chiofalo, Marilù},
	month = feb,
	year = {2022},
	note = {arXiv: 2202.07756},
	keywords = {Quantum Physics, Physics - Physics and Society, Physics - Physics Education},
	annote = {Comment: 37 pages, 16 figures},
	file = {arXiv Fulltext PDF:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/JS9PMAR2/Seskir et al. - 2022 - Quantum Games and Interactive Tools for Quantum Te.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/ADH456KW/2202.html:text/html},
}

@misc{anis_qiskit_2021,
	title = {Qiskit: {An} {Open}-source {Framework} for {Quantum} {Computing}},
	author = {Anis, Md Sajid and Abraham, Héctor and {AduOffei} and Agarwal, Rochisha and Agliardi, Gabriele and Aharoni, Merav and Akhalwaya, Ismail Yunus and Aleksandrowicz, Gadi and Alexander, Thomas and Amy, Matthew and Anagolum, Sashwat and Arbel, Eli and Asfaw, Abraham and Athalye, Anish and Avkhadiev, Artur and Azaustre, Carlos and BHOLE, PRATHAMESH and Banerjee, Abhik and Banerjee, Santanu and Bang, Will and Bansal, Aman and Barkoutsos, Panagiotis and Barnawal, Ashish and Barron, George and Barron, George S. and Bello, Luciano and Ben-Haim, Yael and Bennett, M. Chandler and Bevenius, Daniel and Bhatnagar, Dhruv and Bhobe, Arjun and Bianchini, Paolo and Bishop, Lev S. and Blank, Carsten and Bolos, Sorin and Bopardikar, Soham and Bosch, Samuel and Brandhofer, Sebastian and {Brandon} and Bravyi, Sergey and Bronn, Nick and {Bryce-Fuller} and Bucher, David and Burov, Artemiy and Cabrera, Fran and Calpin, Padraic and Capelluto, Lauren and Carballo, Jorge and Carrascal, Ginés and Carriker, Adam and Carvalho, Ivan and Chen, Adrian and Chen, Chun-Fu and Chen, Edward and Chen, Jielun (Chris) and Chen, Richard and Chevallier, Franck and Chinda, Kartik and Cholarajan, Rathish and Chow, Jerry M. and Churchill, Spencer and {CisterMoke} and Claus, Christian and Clauss, Christian and Clothier, Caleb and Cocking, Romilly and Cocuzzo, Ryan and Connor, Jordan and Correa, Filipe and Cross, Abigail J. and Cross, Andrew W. and Cross, Simon and Cruz-Benito, Juan and Culver, Chris and Córcoles-Gonzales, Antonio D. and D, Navaneeth and Dague, Sean and Dandachi, Tareq El and Dangwal, Animesh N. and Daniel, Jonathan and Daniels, Marcus and Dartiailh, Matthieu and Davila, Abdón Rodríguez and Debouni, Faisal and Dekusar, Anton and Deshmukh, Amol and Deshpande, Mohit and Ding, Delton and Doi, Jun and Dow, Eli M. and Drechsler, Eric and Dumitrescu, Eugene and Dumon, Karel and Duran, Ivan and EL-Safty, Kareem and Eastman, Eric and Eberle, Grant and Ebrahimi, Amir and Eendebak, Pieter and Egger, Daniel and {ElePT} and {Emilio} and Espiricueta, Alberto and Everitt, Mark and Facoetti, Davide and {Farida} and Fernández, Paco Martín and Ferracin, Samuele and Ferrari, Davide and Ferrera, Axel Hernández and Fouilland, Romain and Frisch, Albert and Fuhrer, Andreas and Fuller, Bryce and GEORGE, MELVIN and Gacon, Julien and Gago, Borja Godoy and Gambella, Claudio and Gambetta, Jay M. and Gammanpila, Adhisha and Garcia, Luis and Garg, Tanya and Garion, Shelly and Garrison, James R. and Gates, Tim and Gil, Leron and Gilliam, Austin and Giridharan, Aditya and Gomez-Mosquera, Juan and {Gonzalo} and González, Salvador de la Puente and Gorzinski, Jesse and Gould, Ian and Greenberg, Donny and Grinko, Dmitry and Guan, Wen and Guijo, Dani and Gunnels, John A. and Gupta, Harshit and Gupta, Naman and Günther, Jakob M. and Haglund, Mikael and Haide, Isabel and Hamamura, Ikko and Hamido, Omar Costa and Harkins, Frank and Hartman, Kevin and Hasan, Areeq and Havlicek, Vojtech and Hellmers, Joe and Herok, {\textbackslash}Lukasz and Hillmich, Stefan and Horii, Hiroshi and Howington, Connor and Hu, Shaohan and Hu, Wei and Huang, Junye and Huisman, Rolf and Imai, Haruki and Imamichi, Takashi and Ishizaki, Kazuaki and {Ishwor} and Iten, Raban and Itoko, Toshinari and Ivrii, Alexander and Javadi, Ali and Javadi-Abhari, Ali and Javed, Wahaj and Jianhua, Qian and Jivrajani, Madhav and Johns, Kiran and Johnstun, Scott and {Jonathan-Shoemaker} and {JosDenmark} and {JoshDumo} and Judge, John and Kachmann, Tal and Kale, Akshay and Kanazawa, Naoki and Kane, Jessica and {Kang-Bae} and Kapila, Annanay and Karazeev, Anton and Kassebaum, Paul and Kelso, Josh and Kelso, Scott and Khanderao, Vismai and King, Spencer and Kobayashi, Yuri and {Kovi11Day} and Kovyrshin, Arseny and Krishnakumar, Rajiv and Krishnan, Vivek and Krsulich, Kevin and Kumkar, Prasad and Kus, Gawel and LaRose, Ryan and Lacal, Enrique and Lambert, Raphaël and Landa, Haggai and Lapeyre, John and Latone, Joe and Lawrence, Scott and Lee, Christina and Li, Gushu and Lishman, Jake and Liu, Dennis and Liu, Peng and M, Abhishek K. and Madden, Liam and Maeng, Yunho and Maheshkar, Saurav and Majmudar, Kahan and Malyshev, Aleksei and Mandouh, Mohamed El and Manela, Joshua and {Manjula} and Marecek, Jakub and Marques, Manoel and Marwaha, Kunal and Maslov, Dmitri and Maszota, Pawe{\textbackslash}l and Mathews, Dolph and Matsuo, Atsushi and Mazhandu, Farai and McClure, Doug and McElaney, Maureen and McGarry, Cameron and McKay, David and McPherson, Dan and Meesala, Srujan and Meirom, Dekel and Mendell, Corey and Metcalfe, Thomas and Mevissen, Martin and Meyer, Andrew and Mezzacapo, Antonio and Midha, Rohit and Miller, Daniel and Minev, Zlatko and Mitchell, Abby and Moll, Nikolaj and Montanez, Alejandro and Monteiro, Gabriel and Mooring, Michael Duane and Morales, Renier and Moran, Niall and Morcuende, David and Mostafa, Seif and Motta, Mario and Moyard, Romain and Murali, Prakash and Müggenburg, Jan and NEMOZ, Tristan and Nadlinger, David and Nakanishi, Ken and Nannicini, Giacomo and Nation, Paul and Navarro, Edwin and Naveh, Yehuda and Neagle, Scott Wyman and Neuweiler, Patrick and Ngoueya, Aziz and Nicander, Johan and {Nick-Singstock} and Niroula, Pradeep and Norlen, Hassi and {NuoWenLei} and O'Riordan, Lee James and Ogunbayo, Oluwatobi and Ollitrault, Pauline and Onodera, Tamiya and Otaolea, Raul and Oud, Steven and Padilha, Dan and Paik, Hanhee and Pal, Soham and Pang, Yuchen and Panigrahi, Ashish and Pascuzzi, Vincent R. and Perriello, Simone and Peterson, Eric and Phan, Anna and Pilch, Kuba and Piro, Francesco and Pistoia, Marco and Piveteau, Christophe and Plewa, Julia and Pocreau, Pierre and Pozas-Kerstjens, Alejandro and Pracht, Rafa{\textbackslash}l and Prokop, Milos and Prutyanov, Viktor and Puri, Sumit and Puzzuoli, Daniel and Pérez, Jesús and {Quant02} and {Quintiii} and Rahman, Rafey Iqbal and Raja, Arun and Rajeev, Roshan and Rajput, Isha and Ramagiri, Nipun and Rao, Anirudh and Raymond, Rudy and Reardon-Smith, Oliver and Redondo, Rafael Martín-Cuevas and Reuter, Max and Rice, Julia and Riedemann, Matt and {Rietesh} and Risinger, Drew and Rocca, Marcello La and Rodríguez, Diego M. and {RohithKarur} and Rosand, Ben and Rossmannek, Max and Ryu, Mingi and SAPV, Tharrmashastha and Sa, Nahum Rosa Cruz and Saha, Arijit and Saki, Abdullah Ash- and Sanand, Sankalp and Sandberg, Martin and Sandesara, Hirmay and Sapra, Ritvik and Sargsyan, Hayk and Sarkar, Aniruddha and Sathaye, Ninad and Schmitt, Bruno and Schnabel, Chris and Schoenfeld, Zachary and Scholten, Travis L. and Schoute, Eddie and Schulterbrandt, Mark and Schwarm, Joachim and Seaward, James and {Sergi} and Sertage, Ismael Faro and Setia, Kanav and Shah, Freya and Shammah, Nathan and Sharma, Rohan and Shi, Yunong and Shoemaker, Jonathan and Silva, Adenilton and Simonetto, Andrea and Singh, Deeksha and Singh, Divyanshu and Singh, Parmeet and Singkanipa, Phattharaporn and Siraichi, Yukio and {Siri} and Sistos, Jesús and Sitdikov, Iskandar and Sivarajah, Seyon and Sletfjerding, Magnus Berg and Smolin, John A. and Soeken, Mathias and Sokolov, Igor Olegovich and Sokolov, Igor and Soloviev, Vicente P. and {SooluThomas} and {Starfish} and Steenken, Dominik and Stypulkoski, Matt and Suau, Adrien and Sun, Shaojun and Sung, Kevin J. and Suwama, Makoto and S{\textbackslash}lowik, Oskar and Takahashi, Hitomi and Takawale, Tanvesh and Tavernelli, Ivano and Taylor, Charles and Taylour, Pete and Thomas, Soolu and Tian, Kevin and Tillet, Mathieu and Tod, Maddy and Tomasik, Miroslav and Tornow, Caroline and Torre, Enrique de la and Toural, Juan Luis Sánchez and Trabing, Kenso and Treinish, Matthew and Trenev, Dimitar and {TrishaPe} and Truger, Felix and Tsilimigkounakis, Georgios and Tulsi, Davindra and Turner, Wes and Vaknin, Yotam and Valcarce, Carmen Recio and Varchon, Francois and Vartak, Adish and Vazquez, Almudena Carrera and Vijaywargiya, Prajjwal and Villar, Victor and Vishnu, Bhargav and Vogt-Lee, Desiree and Vuillot, Christophe and Weaver, James and Weidenfeller, Johannes and Wieczorek, Rafal and Wildstrom, Jonathan A. and Wilson, Jessica and Winston, Erick and {WinterSoldier} and Woehr, Jack J. and Woerner, Stefan and Woo, Ryan and Wood, Christopher J. and Wood, Ryan and Wood, Steve and Wootton, James and Wright, Matt and Xing, Lucy and YU, Jintao and Yang, Bo and Yang, Unchun and Yeralin, Daniyar and Yonekura, Ryota and Yonge-Mallo, David and Yoshida, Ryuhei and Young, Richard and Yu, Jessie and Yu, Lebin and Zachow, Christopher and Zdanski, Laura and Zhang, Helena and Zidaru, Iulia and Zoufal, Christa and {aeddins-ibm} and {alexzhang13} and {b63} and {bartek-bartlomiej} and {bcamorrison} and {brandhsn} and {charmerDark} and {deeplokhande} and {dekel.meirom} and {dime10} and {dlasecki} and {ehchen} and {fanizzamarco} and {fs1132429} and {gadial} and {galeinston} and {georgezhou20} and {georgios-ts} and {gruu} and {hhorii} and {hykavitha} and {itoko} and {jessica-angel7} and {jezerjojo14} and {jliu45} and {jscott2} and {klinvill} and {krutik2966} and {ma5x} and {michelle4654} and {msuwama} and {nico-lgrs} and {ntgiwsvp} and {ordmoj} and pahwa, sagar and {pritamsinha2304} and {ryancocuzzo} and {saswati-qiskit} and {septembrr} and {sethmerkel} and {shaashwat} and {sternparky} and {strickroman} and {tigerjack} and {tsura-crisaldo} and {vadebayo49} and {welien} and {willhbang} and {wmurphy-collabstar} and {yang.luh} and Čepulkovskis, Mantas},
	year = {2021},
	doi = {10.5281/zenodo.2573505},
}

@inproceedings{bozzo-rey_introduction_2018,
	address = {USA},
	series = {{CASCON} '18},
	title = {Introduction to the {IBM} {Q} experience and quantum computing},
	abstract = {Famous physicist Richard Feynman said, Nature isn't classical, dammit, and if you want to make a simulation of nature, you'd better make it quantum mechanical, and by golly it's a wonderful problem, because it doesn't look so easy.},
	urldate = {2022-02-17},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 28th {Annual} {International} {Conference} on {Computer} {Science} and {Software} {Engineering}},
	publisher = {IBM Corp.},
	author = {Bozzo-Rey, Mehdi and Loredo, Robert},
	month = oct,
	year = {2018},
	pages = {410--412},
}

@article{dirac_new_1939,
	title = {A new notation for quantum mechanics},
	volume = {35},
	issn = {1469-8064, 0305-0041},
	url = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/mathematical-proceedings-of-the-cambridge-philosophical-society/article/abs/new-notation-for-quantum-mechanics/4631DB9213D680D6332BA11799D76AFB},
	doi = {10.1017/S0305004100021162},
	abstract = {In mathematical theories the question of notation, while not of primary importance, is yet worthy of careful consideration, since a good notation can be of great value in helping the development of a theory, by making it easy to write down those quantities or combinations of quantities that are important, and difficult or impossible to write down those that are unimportant. The summation convention in tensor analysis is an example, illustrating how specially appropriate a notation can be.},
	language = {en},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2022-02-18},
	journal = {Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society},
	author = {Dirac, P. A. M.},
	month = jul,
	year = {1939},
	note = {Publisher: Cambridge University Press},
	pages = {416--418},
	file = {Snapshot:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/DAFM6C2Y/4631DB9213D680D6332BA11799D76AFB.html:text/html},
}

@article{fernandez_clustergrammer_2017,
	title = {Clustergrammer, a web-based heatmap visualization and analysis tool for high-dimensional biological data},
	volume = {4},
	copyright = {2017 The Author(s)},
	issn = {2052-4463},
	url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/sdata2017151},
	doi = {10.1038/sdata.2017.151},
	abstract = {Most tools developed to visualize hierarchically clustered heatmaps generate static images. Clustergrammer is a web-based visualization tool with interactive features such as: zooming, panning, filtering, reordering, sharing, performing enrichment analysis, and providing dynamic gene annotations. Clustergrammer can be used to generate shareable interactive visualizations by uploading a data table to a web-site, or by embedding Clustergrammer in Jupyter Notebooks. The Clustergrammer core libraries can also be used as a toolkit by developers to generate visualizations within their own applications. Clustergrammer is demonstrated using gene expression data from the cancer cell line encyclopedia (CCLE), original post-translational modification data collected from lung cancer cells lines by a mass spectrometry approach, and original cytometry by time of flight (CyTOF) single-cell proteomics data from blood. Clustergrammer enables producing interactive web based visualizations for the analysis of diverse biological data.},
	language = {en},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2022-02-18},
	journal = {Scientific Data},
	author = {Fernandez, Nicolas F. and Gundersen, Gregory W. and Rahman, Adeeb and Grimes, Mark L. and Rikova, Klarisa and Hornbeck, Peter and Ma’ayan, Avi},
	month = oct,
	year = {2017},
	note = {Number: 1
Publisher: Nature Publishing Group},
	keywords = {Functional clustering, Research data, Software},
	pages = {170151},
	file = {Full Text PDF:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/RV9Z7JMZ/Fernandez et al. - 2017 - Clustergrammer, a web-based heatmap visualization .pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/UHELJFC7/sdata2017151.html:text/html},
}

@article{hong_measurement_1987,
	title = {Measurement of subpicosecond time intervals between two photons by interference},
	volume = {59},
	url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.59.2044},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.59.2044},
	abstract = {A fourth-order interference technique has been used to measure the time intervals between two photons, and by implication the length of the photon wave packet, produced in the process of parametric down-conversion. The width of the time-interval distribution, which is largely determined by an interference filter, is found to be about 100 fs, with an accuracy that could, in principle, be less than 1 fs.},
	number = {18},
	urldate = {2022-02-18},
	journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	author = {Hong, C. K. and Ou, Z. Y. and Mandel, L.},
	month = nov,
	year = {1987},
	note = {Publisher: American Physical Society},
	pages = {2044--2046},
	file = {APS Snapshot:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/BSBQ7LTU/PhysRevLett.59.html:text/html},
}

@misc{nielsen_response_2014,
	title = {Response {Time} {Limits}},
	shorttitle = {Response {Time} {Limits}},
	url = {https://www.nngroup.com/articles/response-times-3-important-limits/},
	abstract = {How users react to delays in a user interface, whether website or application. The 3 main response time limits are determined by human perceptual abilities.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2022-02-18},
	journal = {Nielsen Norman Group},
	author = {Nielsen, Jakob},
	year = {2014},
	file = {Snapshot:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/HRAJDIEM/response-times-3-important-limits.html:text/html},
}

@book{nielsen_usability_1993,
	address = {Boston},
	title = {Usability {Engineering}},
	isbn = {978-0-12-518406-9},
	abstract = {"Avoid usability surprises by including cost-effective usability activities throughout your product development life cycle." "Better usability engineering methods can help you avoid the four most frequently listed reasons for delay in software projects: frequent requests for changes by users, overlooked tasks, users' lack of understanding of their own requirements, and insufficient user-analyst communication and understanding. By implementing the methods discussed, you will be able to improve your user interfaces for software (or other products) immediately." "Systematic usability engineering leads to better user interfaces that make your system easier to learn and your users more productive. This helps reduce the frequency and seriousness of user errors, and makes the users like the system better."--Jacket},
	language = {eng},
	publisher = {Academic Press},
	author = {Nielsen, Jakob},
	year = {1993},
}

@article{lanyon_experimental_2008,
	title = {Experimental quantum computing without entanglement},
	volume = {101},
	issn = {0031-9007, 1079-7114},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/0807.0668},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.200501},
	abstract = {Entanglement is widely believed to lie at the heart of the advantages offered by a quantum computer. This belief is supported by the discovery that a noiseless (pure) state quantum computer must generate a large amount of entanglement in order to offer any speed up over a classical computer. However, deterministic quantum computation with one pure qubit (DQC1), which employs noisy (mixed) states, is an efficient model that generates at most a marginal amount of entanglement. Although this model cannot implement any arbitrary algorithm it can efficiently solve a range of problems of significant importance to the scientific community. Here we experimentally implement a first-order case of a key DQC1 algorithm and explicitly characterise the non-classical correlations generated. Our results show that while there is no entanglement the algorithm does give rise to other non-classical correlations, which we quantify using the quantum discord - a stronger measure of non-classical correlations that includes entanglement as a subset. Our results suggest that discord could replace entanglement as a necessary resource for a quantum computational speed-up. Furthermore, DQC1 is far less resource intensive than universal quantum computing and our implementation in a scalable architecture highlights the model as a practical short-term goal.},
	number = {20},
	urldate = {2022-02-18},
	journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	author = {Lanyon, B. P. and Barbieri, M. and Almeida, M. P. and White, A. G.},
	month = nov,
	year = {2008},
	note = {arXiv: 0807.0668},
	keywords = {Quantum Physics},
	pages = {200501},
	annote = {Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures},
	file = {arXiv Fulltext PDF:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/MSBKX84U/Lanyon et al. - 2008 - Experimental quantum computing without entanglemen.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/CGKZFDR7/0807.html:text/html},
}

@book{dirac_principles_2010,
	address = {Oxford},
	edition = {4. ed. (rev.), repr},
	series = {International series of monographs on physics},
	title = {The {Principles} of {Quantum} {Mechanics}},
	isbn = {978-0-19-852011-5},
	language = {eng},
	number = {27},
	publisher = {Clarendon Press, Oxford University Press},
	author = {Dirac, P. A. M.},
	year = {2010},
	annote = {Hier auch später erschienene, unveränderte Nachdrucke},
}

@article{bennett_quantum_2014,
	title = {Quantum cryptography: {Public} key distribution and coin tossing},
	volume = {560},
	issn = {03043975},
	shorttitle = {Quantum cryptography},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/2003.06557},
	doi = {10.1016/j.tcs.2014.05.025},
	abstract = {When elementary quantum systems, such as polarized photons, are used to transmit digital information, the uncertainty principle gives rise to novel cryptographic phenomena unachievable with traditional transmission media, e.g. a communications channel on which it is impossible in principle to eavesdrop without a high probability of disturbing the transmission in such a way as to be detected. Such a quantum channel can be used in conjunction with ordinary insecure classical channels to distribute random key information between two users with the assurance that it remains unknown to anyone else, even when the users share no secret information initially. We also present a protocol for coin-tossing by exchange of quantum messages, which is secure against traditional kinds of cheating, even by an opponent with unlimited computing power, but ironically can be subverted by use of a still subtler quantum phenomenon, the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox.},
	urldate = {2022-02-18},
	journal = {Theoretical Computer Science},
	author = {Bennett, Charles H. and Brassard, Gilles},
	month = dec,
	year = {2014},
	note = {arXiv: 2003.06557},
	keywords = {Quantum Physics},
	pages = {7--11},
	annote = {Comment: One cover + 5 pages; 2 figures. This is a best-possible quality scan of the original so-called BB84 paper as it appeared in the Proceedings of the International Conference on Computers, Systems \& Signal Processing, Bangalore, India, pp. 175-179, December 1984. The journal reference gives an open-access freshly typeset version prepared on the occasion of the 30th anniversary of the original paper},
	file = {arXiv Fulltext PDF:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/MVL5BKPA/Bennett and Brassard - 2014 - Quantum cryptography Public key distribution and .pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/L63MQBN5/2003.html:text/html},
}

@article{pan_experimental_2000,
	title = {Experimental test of quantum nonlocality in three-photon {Greenberger}–{Horne}–{Zeilinger} entanglement},
	volume = {403},
	copyright = {2000 Macmillan Magazines Ltd.},
	issn = {1476-4687},
	url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/35000514},
	doi = {10.1038/35000514},
	abstract = {Bell's theorem1 states that certain statistical correlations predicted by quantum physics for measurements on two-particle systems cannot be understood within a realistic picture based on local properties of each individual particle—even if the two particles are separated by large distances. Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen first recognized2 the fundamental significance of these quantum correlations (termed ‘entanglement’ by Schrödinger3) and the two-particle quantum predictions have found ever-increasing experimental support4. A more striking conflict between quantum mechanical and local realistic predictions (for perfect correlations) has been discovered5,6; but experimental verification has been difficult, as it requires entanglement between at least three particles. Here we report experimental confirmation of this conflict, using our recently developed method7 to observe three-photon entanglement, or ‘Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger’ (GHZ) states. The results of three specific experiments, involving measurements of polarization correlations between three photons, lead to predictions for a fourth experiment; quantum physical predictions are mutually contradictory with expectations based on local realism. We find the results of the fourth experiment to be in agreement with the quantum prediction and in striking conflict with local realism.},
	language = {en},
	number = {6769},
	urldate = {2022-02-18},
	journal = {Nature},
	author = {Pan, Jian-Wei and Bouwmeester, Dik and Daniell, Matthew and Weinfurter, Harald and Zeilinger, Anton},
	month = feb,
	year = {2000},
	note = {Number: 6769
Publisher: Nature Publishing Group},
	keywords = {Humanities and Social Sciences, multidisciplinary, Science},
	pages = {515--519},
	file = {Snapshot:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/GKWA28QL/35000514.html:text/html},
}

@article{bell_einstein_1964,
	title = {On the {Einstein} {Podolsky} {Rosen} paradox},
	volume = {1},
	issn = {0554-128X},
	url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysicsPhysiqueFizika.1.195},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysicsPhysiqueFizika.1.195},
	language = {en},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2022-02-20},
	journal = {Physics Physique Fizika},
	author = {Bell, J. S.},
	month = nov,
	year = {1964},
	pages = {195--200},
	file = {Full Text:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/JFU8TKNI/Bell - 1964 - On the Einstein Podolsky Rosen paradox.pdf:application/pdf},
}

@book{waseem_quantum_2020,
	title = {Quantum {Mechanics} in the {Single} {Photon} {Laboratory}},
	isbn = {978-0-7503-3063-3},
	url = {https://iopscience.iop.org/book/978-0-7503-3063-3},
	urldate = {2022-03-03},
	publisher = {IOP Publishing},
	author = {Waseem, Muhammad Hamza and {Faizan-e-Ilahi} and Anwar, Muhammad Sabieh},
	month = jul,
	year = {2020},
	doi = {10.1088/978-0-7503-3063-3},
}

@book{heisenberg_physics_1971,
	title = {Physics and {Beyond}},
	publisher = {Allen \& Unwin London},
	author = {Heisenberg, Werner},
	year = {1971},
	file = {Snapshot:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/U3LZKW3B/1.html:text/html},
}

@book{einstein_born-einstein_1971,
	address = {New York},
	title = {The {Born}-{Einstein} {Letters}: {Correspondence} {Between} {Albert} {Einstein} and {Max} and {Hedwig} {Born} from 1916 to 1955},
	isbn = {978-0-8027-0326-2},
	shorttitle = {The {Born}-{Einstein} letters},
	language = {engger},
	publisher = {Walker},
	author = {Einstein, Albert and Born, Max and Born, Hedwig},
	year = {1971},
	keywords = {Correspondence, Einstein, Albert, Physicists},
	annote = {Translation of Briefwechsel 1916-1955},
}

@article{jensen_crowdsourcing_2021,
	title = {Crowdsourcing human common sense for quantum control},
	volume = {3},
	issn = {2643-1564},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/2004.03296},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevResearch.3.013057},
	abstract = {Citizen science methodologies have over the past decade been applied with great success to help solve highly complex numerical challenges. Here, we take early steps in the quantum physics arena by introducing a citizen science game, Quantum Moves 2, and compare the performance of different optimization methods across three different quantum optimal control problems of varying difficulty. Inside the game, players can apply a gradient-based algorithm (running locally on their device) to optimize their solutions and we find that these results perform roughly on par with the best of the tested standard optimization methods performed on a computer cluster. In addition, cluster-optimized player seeds was the only method to exhibit roughly optimal performance across all three challenges. This highlights the potential for crowdsourcing the solution of future quantum research problems.},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2022-03-05},
	journal = {Physical Review Research},
	author = {Jensen, Jesper Hasseriis Mohr and Gajdacz, Miroslav and Ahmed, Shaeema Zaman and Czarkowski, Jakub Herman and Weidner, Carrie and Rafner, Janet and Sørensen, Jens Jakob and Mølmer, Klaus and Sherson, Jacob Friis},
	month = jan,
	year = {2021},
	note = {arXiv: 2004.03296},
	keywords = {Quantum Physics},
	pages = {013057},
	annote = {Comment: 15 figures},
	file = {arXiv Fulltext PDF:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/8CCBQ3Q9/Jensen et al. - 2021 - Crowdsourcing human common sense for quantum contr.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/HRXHH4XU/2004.html:text/html},
}

@article{knill_scheme_2001,
	title = {A scheme for efficient quantum computation with linear optics},
	volume = {409},
	copyright = {2001 Macmillan Magazines Ltd.},
	issn = {1476-4687},
	url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/35051009},
	doi = {10.1038/35051009},
	abstract = {Quantum computers promise to increase greatly the efficiency of solving problems such as factoring large integers, combinatorial optimization and quantum physics simulation. One of the greatest challenges now is to implement the basic quantum-computational elements in a physical system and to demonstrate that they can be reliably and scalably controlled. One of the earliest proposals for quantum computation is based on implementing a quantum bit with two optical modes containing one photon. The proposal is appealing because of the ease with which photon interference can be observed. Until now, it suffered from the requirement for non-linear couplings between optical modes containing few photons. Here we show that efficient quantum computation is possible using only beam splitters, phase shifters, single photon sources and photo-detectors. Our methods exploit feedback from photo-detectors and are robust against errors from photon loss and detector inefficiency. The basic elements are accessible to experimental investigation with current technology.},
	language = {en},
	number = {6816},
	urldate = {2022-03-05},
	journal = {Nature},
	author = {Knill, E. and Laflamme, R. and Milburn, G. J.},
	month = jan,
	year = {2001},
	note = {Number: 6816
Publisher: Nature Publishing Group},
	keywords = {Humanities and Social Sciences, multidisciplinary, Science},
	pages = {46--52},
	file = {Snapshot:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/8WS4V3NB/35051009.html:text/html},
}

@article{kok_review_2007,
	title = {Review article: {Linear} optical quantum computing},
	volume = {79},
	issn = {0034-6861, 1539-0756},
	shorttitle = {Review article},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0512071},
	doi = {10.1103/RevModPhys.79.135},
	abstract = {Linear optics with photon counting is a prominent candidate for practical quantum computing. The protocol by Knill, Laflamme, and Milburn [Nature 409, 46 (2001)] explicitly demonstrates that efficient scalable quantum computing with single photons, linear optical elements, and projective measurements is possible. Subsequently, several improvements on this protocol have started to bridge the gap between theoretical scalability and practical implementation. We review the original theory and its improvements, and we give a few examples of experimental two-qubit gates. We discuss the use of realistic components, the errors they induce in the computation, and how these errors can be corrected.},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2022-03-05},
	journal = {Reviews of Modern Physics},
	author = {Kok, Pieter and Munro, W. J. and Nemoto, Kae and Ralph, T. C. and Dowling, Jonathan P. and Milburn, G. J.},
	month = jan,
	year = {2007},
	note = {arXiv: quant-ph/0512071},
	keywords = {Quantum Physics},
	pages = {135--174},
	annote = {Comment: 41 pages, 37 figures, many small changes, added references, and improved discussion on error correction and fault tolerance},
	file = {arXiv Fulltext PDF:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/5NCM97YA/Kok et al. - 2007 - Review article Linear optical quantum computing.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/Y8J2TFUR/0512071.html:text/html},
}

@article{ahmed_quantum_2021,
	title = {Quantum {Composer}: {A} programmable quantum visualization and simulation tool for education and research},
	volume = {89},
	issn = {0002-9505, 1943-2909},
	shorttitle = {Quantum {Composer}},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/2006.07263},
	doi = {10.1119/10.0003396},
	abstract = {Making quantum mechanical equations and concepts come to life through interactive simulation and visualization are commonplace for augmenting learning and teaching. However, graphical visualizations nearly always exhibit a set of hard-coded functionalities while corresponding text-based codes offer a higher degree of flexibility at the expense of steep learning curves or time investments. We introduce Quantum Composer, which allows the user to build, expand, or explore quantum mechanical simulations by interacting with graphically connectable nodes, each corresponding to a physical concept, mathematical operation, visualization, etc. Abstracting away numerical and programming details while at the same time retaining accessibility, emphasis on understanding, and rapid feedback mechanisms, we illustrate through a series of examples its open-ended applicability in both introductory and advanced quantum mechanics courses, student projects, and for visual exploration within research environments.},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2022-03-06},
	journal = {American Journal of Physics},
	author = {Ahmed, Shaeema Zaman and Jensen, Jesper Hasseriis Mohr and Weidner, Carrie Ann and Sørensen, Jens Jakob and Mudrich, Marcel and Sherson, Jacob Friis},
	month = mar,
	year = {2021},
	note = {arXiv: 2006.07263},
	keywords = {Quantum Physics, Physics - Physics Education},
	pages = {307--316},
	annote = {Comment: 29 pages, 12 figures},
	file = {arXiv Fulltext PDF:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/W6HGESPB/Ahmed et al. - 2021 - Quantum Composer A programmable quantum visualiza.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/8TZLL2NX/2006.html:text/html},
}

@misc{kotowski_independent_2012,
	title = {An independent camp for high school geeks},
	url = {https://warsztatywww.pl/article/en-indie-camp-for-hs-geeks/},
	abstract = {WWW to coroczne wydarzenie dla licealistów zainteresowanych matematyką, informatyką, fizyką lub astronomią.},
	language = {pl},
	urldate = {2022-03-06},
	journal = {Wakacyjne Warsztaty Wielodyscyplinarne},
	author = {Kotowski, Marcin and Kotowski, Michał and Marczewski, Paweł and Migdał, Piotr},
	month = aug,
	year = {2012},
	file = {Snapshot:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/MMRGP9D4/en-indie-camp-for-hs-geeks.html:text/html},
}

@misc{ekert_online_2022,
	title = {The online book for the {Introduction} to {Quantum} {Information} {Science} course},
	url = {https://github.com/thosgood/iqis-book},
	abstract = {The online book for the Introduction to Quantum Information Science course},
	urldate = {2022-03-09},
	author = {Ekert, Artur and Hosgood, Tim},
	month = feb,
	year = {2022},
	note = {original-date: 2020-11-13T14:19:44Z},
}

@article{greenberger_going_1989,
	series = {Fundamental {Theories} of {Physics}},
	title = {Going {Beyond} {Bell}’s {Theorem}},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0849-4_10},
	doi = {10.1007/978-94-017-0849-4_10},
	abstract = {Bell’s Theorem proved that one cannot in general reproduce the results of quantum theory with a classical, deterministic local model. However, Einstein originally considered the case where one could define an “element of reality”, namely for the much simpler case where one could predict with certainty a definite outcome for an experiment For this simple case, Bell’s Theorem says nothing. But by using a slightly more complicated model than Bell, one can show that even in this simple case where one can make definite predictions, one still cannot generally introduce deterministic, local models to explain the results.},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2022-03-11},
	journal = {Bell’s Theorem, Quantum Theory and Conceptions of the Universe},
	author = {Greenberger, Daniel M. and Horne, Michael A. and Zeilinger, Anton},
	editor = {Kafatos, Menas},
	year = {1989},
	note = {arXiv: 0712.0921},
	keywords = {Deterministic Model, Hide Variable, Local Model, Physical Reality, Quantum Theory},
	pages = {69--72},
	annote = {it is a book section, but in zotero they cannot have dois or arxiv ids
 },
	file = {Full Text:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/YAMCF4V8/Greenberger et al. - 1989 - Going Beyond Bell’s Theorem.pdf:application/pdf},
}

@book{freire_jr_oxford_2022,
	address = {Oxford, New York},
	series = {Oxford {Handbooks} in {Physics}},
	title = {The {Oxford} {Handbook} of the {History} of {Quantum} {Interpretations}},
	isbn = {978-0-19-884449-5},
	abstract = {Crucial to most research in physics, as well as leading to the development of inventions such as the transistor and the laser, quantum mechanics approaches its centenary with an impressive record. However, the field has also long been the subject of ongoing debates about the foundations and interpretation of the theory, referred to as the quantum controversy.This Oxford Handbook offers a historical overview of the contrasts which have been at the heart of quantum physics for the last 100 years. Drawing on the wide-ranging expertise of several contributors working across physics, history, and philosophy, the handbook outlines the main theories and interpretations of quantum physics. It goes on to tackle the key controversies surrounding the field, touching on issues such as determinism, realism, locality, classicality, information, measurements, mathematical foundations, and the links between quantum theory and gravity.This engaging introduction is an essential guide for all those interested in the history of scientific controversies and history of quantum physics. It also provides a fascinating examination of the potential of quantum physics to influence new discoveries and advances in fields such quantum information and computing.},
	publisher = {Oxford University Press},
	editor = {Freire Jr, Olival and Bacciagaluppi, Guido and Darrigol, Olivier and Hartz, Thiago and Joas, Christian and Kojevnikov, Alexei and Jr, Osvaldo Pessoa},
	month = mar,
	year = {2022},
	file = {Snapshot:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/U2RASJSS/the-oxford-handbook-of-the-history-of-quantum-interpretations-9780198844495.html:text/html},
}

@article{claypool_frame_2007,
	title = {On frame rate and player performance in first person shooter games},
	volume = {13},
	issn = {0942-4962, 1432-1882},
	url = {http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00530-007-0081-1},
	doi = {10.1007/s00530-007-0081-1},
	language = {en},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2022-03-14},
	journal = {Multimedia Systems},
	author = {Claypool, Kajal T. and Claypool, Mark},
	month = jul,
	year = {2007},
	pages = {3--17},
	file = {Submitted Version:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/TMRUUL2F/Claypool and Claypool - 2007 - On frame rate and player performance in first pers.pdf:application/pdf},
}

@book{euclid_first_1847,
	title = {The {First} {Six} {Books} of the {Elements} of {Euclid}, in which {Coloured} {Diagrams} and {Symbols} are {Used} {Instead} of {Letters}},
	url = {http://archive.org/details/firstsixbooksofe00eucl},
	abstract = {His most innovative educational work was a version of 'Euclid's Elements' which used coloured graphic explanations of each geometric principle. It was published by Pickering (publishers) in 1847.
The book has become the subject of renewed interest in recent years for its innovative graphic conception and its style which prefigures the modernist experiments of the Bauhaus and De Stijl movements. Information design writer Edward Tufte refers to the book in his work on graphic design and McLean in his Victorian book design of 1963. In 2010 Taschen republished the work in a facsimile edition.},
	language = {eng},
	urldate = {2022-03-15},
	publisher = {London, W. Pickering},
	author = {{Euclid} and Byrne, Oliver},
	collaborator = {{Fisher - University of Toronto}},
	year = {1847},
	keywords = {Geometry},
}

@misc{rougeux_making_2018,
	title = {Making of {Byrne}’s {Euclid}},
	url = {https://www.c82.net/blog/?id=79},
	abstract = {Creating a faithful online reproduction of a book considered one of the most beautiful and unusual publications ever published is a daunting task. Byrne’s Euclid is my tribute to Oliver Byrne’s most celebrated publication from 1847 that illustrated the geometric principles established in Euclid’s original Elements from 300 BC.},
	urldate = {2022-03-15},
	journal = {C84},
	author = {Rougeux, Nicholas},
	month = dec,
	year = {2018},
	file = {Snapshot:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/TLKIE65L/blog.html:text/html},
}

@misc{migdal_simple_2019,
	title = {Simple diagrams of convoluted neural networks},
	url = {https://medium.com/inbrowserai/simple-diagrams-of-convoluted-neural-networks-39c097d2925b},
	abstract = {A good diagram is worth a thousand equations — let’s create more of these!},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2022-03-24},
	journal = {InBrowserAI},
	author = {Migdał, Piotr},
	month = oct,
	year = {2019},
	file = {Snapshot:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/5DS4LNSM/simple-diagrams-of-convoluted-neural-networks-39c097d2925b.html:text/html},
}

@book{brinton_graphic_1939,
	address = {New York City},
	title = {Graphic {Presentation}},
	url = {http://archive.org/details/graphicpresentat00brinrich},
	language = {eng},
	urldate = {2022-03-24},
	publisher = {Brinton Associates},
	author = {Brinton, Willard Cope},
	collaborator = {{Prelinger Library}},
	year = {1939},
	keywords = {Graphic methods},
}

@book{tufte_visual_2001,
	address = {Cheshire, Conn},
	edition = {2nd edition},
	title = {The {Visual} {Display} of {Quantitative} {Information}},
	isbn = {978-1-930824-13-3},
	language = {English},
	publisher = {Graphics Press},
	author = {Tufte, Edward R.},
	month = feb,
	year = {2001},
}

@misc{noauthor_quantencomputer_nodate,
	title = {Quantencomputer {Workshop} an der {MBO} – {Begabungsförderung} der {Martin}-{Buber}-{Oberschule}},
	url = {https://www.mbo.schule/2021/11/11/quantencomputer-workshop-an-der-mbo/},
	language = {de-DE},
	urldate = {2022-03-24},
	file = {Snapshot:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/UEDTMF3S/quantencomputer-workshop-an-der-mbo.html:text/html},
}

@misc{chaoui_quantecomputing_nodate,
	title = {Quantecomputing für {Schülerinnen} und {Schüler} – {Informatik} und {Gesellschaft}},
	shorttitle = {Open {Educational} {Resources}},
	url = {https://iug.htw-berlin.de/oer_quexplained/},
	language = {de-DE},
	urldate = {2022-03-24},
	author = {Chaoui, Ziad and Käding, Christian and Pappa, Anna and Simbeck, Katharina},
	file = {Snapshot:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/6A752WWZ/oer_quexplained.html:text/html},
}

@article{kaur_defining_2022,
	title = {Defining the quantum workforce landscape: a review of global quantum education initiatives},
	shorttitle = {Defining the quantum workforce landscape},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/2202.08940},
	abstract = {Rapid advances in quantum technology have exacerbated the shortage of a diverse, inclusive, and sustainable quantum workforce. National governments and industries are developing strategies for education, training, and workforce development to accelerate the commercialization of quantum technologies. In this paper, we report the existing state of the quantum workforce as well as several learning pathways to nurture the talent pipeline between academia and industry. We provide a comprehensive guide of various educational initiatives accessible throughout the world, such as online courses, conferences, seminars, games, and community-focused networks, that facilitate quantum training and upskill the talent needed to develop a better quantum future.},
	urldate = {2022-03-24},
	journal = {arXiv:2202.08940 [physics, physics:quant-ph]},
	author = {Kaur, Maninder and Venegas-Gomez, Araceli},
	month = feb,
	year = {2022},
	note = {arXiv: 2202.08940},
	keywords = {Quantum Physics, Physics - Physics and Society, Physics - Physics Education},
	annote = {Comment: 33 pages, 5 figures},
	file = {arXiv Fulltext PDF:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/KGDREJNA/Kaur and Venegas-Gomez - 2022 - Defining the quantum workforce landscape a review.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/HLUBQUQG/2202.html:text/html},
}

@inproceedings{wootton_teaching_2021,
	title = {Teaching quantum computing with an interactive textbook},
	doi = {10.1109/QCE52317.2021.00058},
	abstract = {The last few years have seen many new ways to get hands-on with quantum computing, including publicly accessible prototype hardware and software frameworks. Such tools provide new education opportunities, not just for quantum computing specifically, but also more broadly for quantum information science and even quantum physics as a whole. In this paper we present a case study of one education resource which aims to take advantage of the opportunities: the open-source online textbook ‘Learn Quantum Computation using Qiskit’. This blends traditional text with executable code and interactive elements. We give an overview of the form taken by the textbook in 2020, summary of the topics covered and an explanation of the approach taken.},
	booktitle = {2021 {IEEE} {International} {Conference} on {Quantum} {Computing} and {Engineering} ({QCE})},
	author = {Wootton, James R. and Harkins, Francis and Bronn, Nicholas T. and Vazquez, Almudena Carrera and Phan, Anna and Asfaw, Abraham T.},
	month = oct,
	year = {2021},
	note = {arXiv: 2012.09629},
	keywords = {Quantum computing, Education, IEEE Sections, Linear algebra, Prototypes, Tools, Uniform resource locators},
	pages = {385--391},
	file = {IEEE Xplore Abstract Record:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/6TGEEX7P/9605279.html:text/html;Submitted Version:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/DF2BRLST/Wootton et al. - 2021 - Teaching quantum computing with an interactive tex.pdf:application/pdf},
}

@article{dur_what_2013,
	title = {What we can learn about quantum physics from a single qubit},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1312.1463},
	abstract = {We present an approach for teaching quantum physics at high school level based on the simplest quantum system - the single quantum bit (qubit). We show that many central concepts of quantum mechanics, including the superposition principle, the stochastic behavior and state change under measurements as well as the Heisenberg uncertainty principle can be understood using simple mathematics, and can be illustrated using catchy visualizations. We discuss abstract features of a qubit in general, and consider possible physical realizations as well as various applications, e.g. in quantum cryptography.},
	urldate = {2022-03-30},
	journal = {arXiv:1312.1463 [physics, physics:quant-ph]},
	author = {Dür, W. and Heusler, S.},
	month = dec,
	year = {2013},
	note = {arXiv: 1312.1463},
	keywords = {Quantum Physics, Physics - Physics Education},
	annote = {Comment: 15 pages, 19 figures},
	file = {arXiv Fulltext PDF:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/HZCE74LX/Dür and Heusler - 2013 - What we can learn about quantum physics from a sin.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/SKWPHANY/1312.html:text/html},
}

@article{migdal_visualizing_2022,
	title = {Visualizing quantum mechanics in an interactive simulation -- {Virtual} {Lab} by {Quantum} {Flytrap}},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/2203.13300},
	abstract = {Virtual Lab by Quantum Flytrap explores novel ways to represent quantum phenomena in an interactive and intuitive way. It is a no-code online laboratory with a real-time simulation of an optical table, supporting up to three entangled photons. Users can place typical optical elements (such as beam splitters, polarizers, Faraday rotators, and detectors) with a drag-and-drop graphical interface. Virtual Lab operates in two modes. The sandbox mode allows users to compose arbitrary setups. Quantum Game serves as an introduction to Virtual Lab features, approachable for users with no prior exposure to quantum mechanics. We introduce novel ways of visualizing entangled quantum states and displaying entanglement measures, including interactive visualizations of the ket notation and a heatmap-like visualization of quantum operators. These quantum visualizations can be applied to any discrete quantum system, including quantum circuits with qubits and spin chains. These tools are available as open-source TypeScript packages - Quantum Tensor and BraKetVue. Virtual Lab makes it possible to explore the nature of quantum physics (state evolution, entanglement, and measurement), to simulate quantum computing (e.g. the Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm), to use quantum cryptography (e.g. the Ekert protocol), to explore counterintuitive quantum phenomena (e.g. quantum teleportation \& the Bell inequality violation), and to recreate historical experiments (e.g. the Michelson-Morley interferometer). Virtual Lab is available at: https://lab.quantumflytrap.com.},
	urldate = {2022-03-30},
	journal = {arXiv:2203.13300 [quant-ph]},
	author = {Migdał, Piotr and Jankiewicz, Klementyna and Grabarz, Paweł and Decaroli, Chiara and Cochin, Philippe},
	month = mar,
	year = {2022},
	note = {arXiv: 2203.13300},
	keywords = {Quantum Physics},
	annote = {Comment: 28 pages, 14 figures},
	file = {arXiv Fulltext PDF:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/7FTP4FEW/Migdał et al. - 2022 - Visualizing quantum mechanics in an interactive si.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/7ZHW8TT8/2203.html:text/html},
}

@misc{adereth_colorful_2013,
	title = {Colorful {Equations} with {MathJax}},
	url = {http://adereth.github.io/blog/2013/11/29/colorful-equations/},
	urldate = {2022-04-07},
	journal = {Adereth's Blog},
	author = {Adereth, Matthew},
	month = nov,
	year = {2013},
	file = {Colorful Equations with MathJax - adereth:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/7WBDIPV7/colorful-equations.html:text/html},
}

@book{coecke_picturing_2017,
	address = {Cambridge, United Kingdom ; New York, NY, USA},
	edition = {1st edition},
	title = {Picturing {Quantum} {Processes}: {A} {First} {Course} in {Quantum} {Theory} and {Diagrammatic} {Reasoning}},
	isbn = {978-1-107-10422-8},
	shorttitle = {Picturing {Quantum} {Processes}},
	language = {English},
	publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
	author = {Coecke, Bob},
	month = apr,
	year = {2017},
}

@article{migdal_immunity_2011,
	title = {Immunity of information encoded in decoherence-free subspaces to particle loss},
	volume = {84},
	issn = {1050-2947, 1094-1622},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1107.3786},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevA.84.052318},
	abstract = {We demonstrate that for an ensemble of qudits, subjected to collective decoherence in the form of perfectly correlated random SU(d) unitaries, quantum superpositions stored in the decoherence free subspace are fully immune against the removal of one particle. This provides a feasible scheme to protect quantum information encoded in the polarization state of a sequence of photons against both collective depolarization and one photon loss, and can be demonstrated with photon quadruplets using currently available technology.},
	number = {5},
	urldate = {2022-04-19},
	journal = {Physical Review A},
	author = {Migdał, Piotr and Banaszek, Konrad},
	month = nov,
	year = {2011},
	note = {arXiv: 1107.3786},
	keywords = {Quantum Physics, Physics - Optics},
	pages = {052318},
	annote = {Comment: to appear in Phys. Rev. A; 5 pages, 2 figures; content changed a bit (the property demonstrated explicitly on a 4 qubit state)},
	file = {arXiv Fulltext PDF:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/MQAFER7B/Migdał and Banaszek - 2011 - Immunity of information encoded in decoherence-fre.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/YX6UGED5/1107.html:text/html},
}

@misc{noauthor_sparse_nodate,
	title = {Sparse {Matrices} · {Matt} {Eding}},
	url = {https://matteding.github.io/2019/04/25/sparse-matrices/},
	urldate = {2022-04-29},
	file = {Sparse Matrices · Matt Eding:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/QVYVIJBT/sparse-matrices.html:text/html},
}

@inproceedings{haas_bringing_2017,
	address = {New York, NY, USA},
	series = {{PLDI} 2017},
	title = {Bringing the web up to speed with {WebAssembly}},
	isbn = {978-1-4503-4988-8},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3062341.3062363},
	doi = {10.1145/3062341.3062363},
	abstract = {The maturation of the Web platform has given rise to sophisticated and demanding Web applications such as interactive 3D visualization, audio and video software, and games. With that, efficiency and security of code on the Web has become more important than ever. Yet JavaScript as the only built-in language of the Web is not well-equipped to meet these requirements, especially as a compilation target. Engineers from the four major browser vendors have risen to the challenge and collaboratively designed a portable low-level bytecode called WebAssembly. It offers compact representation, efficient validation and compilation, and safe low to no-overhead execution. Rather than committing to a specific programming model, WebAssembly is an abstraction over modern hardware, making it language-, hardware-, and platform-independent, with use cases beyond just the Web. WebAssembly has been designed with a formal semantics from the start. We describe the motivation, design and formal semantics of WebAssembly and provide some preliminary experience with implementations.},
	urldate = {2022-04-29},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 38th {ACM} {SIGPLAN} {Conference} on {Programming} {Language} {Design} and {Implementation}},
	publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
	author = {Haas, Andreas and Rossberg, Andreas and Schuff, Derek L. and Titzer, Ben L. and Holman, Michael and Gohman, Dan and Wagner, Luke and Zakai, Alon and Bastien, JF},
	month = jun,
	year = {2017},
	keywords = {assembly languages, just-in-time compilers, programming languages, type systems, virtual machines},
	pages = {185--200},
	file = {Full Text PDF:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/W9N27Y7B/Haas et al. - 2017 - Bringing the web up to speed with WebAssembly.pdf:application/pdf},
}

@article{kaur_defining_2022-1,
	title = {Defining the quantum workforce landscape: a review of global quantum education initiatives},
	shorttitle = {Defining the quantum workforce landscape},
	url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/2202.08940},
	abstract = {Rapid advances in quantum technology have exacerbated the shortage of a diverse, inclusive, and sustainable quantum workforce. National governments and industries are developing strategies for education, training, and workforce development to accelerate the commercialization of quantum technologies. In this paper, we report the existing state of the quantum workforce as well as several learning pathways to nurture the talent pipeline between academia and industry. We provide a comprehensive guide of various educational initiatives accessible throughout the world, such as online courses, conferences, seminars, games, and community-focused networks, that facilitate quantum training and upskill the talent needed to develop a better quantum future.},
	urldate = {2022-04-29},
	journal = {arXiv:2202.08940 [physics, physics:quant-ph]},
	author = {Kaur, Maninder and Venegas-Gomez, Araceli},
	year = {2022},
	note = {arXiv: 2202.08940},
	keywords = {Quantum Physics, Physics - Physics and Society, Physics - Physics Education},
	annote = {Comment: 35 pages, 6 figures},
	file = {arXiv Fulltext PDF:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/3LTFGEXH/Kaur and Venegas-Gomez - 2022 - Defining the quantum workforce landscape a review.pdf:application/pdf;arXiv.org Snapshot:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/K5QFSHZ6/2202.html:text/html},
}

@book{allen_optical_2003,
	address = {S.l.},
	edition = {1st edition},
	title = {Optical {Angular} {Momentum}},
	isbn = {978-0-367-57853-4},
	language = {English},
	publisher = {CRC Press},
	author = {Allen, Leslie and Barnett, Stephen M. and Padgett, Miles J.},
	month = mar,
	year = {2003},
}

@inproceedings{jankiewicz_virtual_2022,
	address = {New York, NY, USA},
	series = {{CHI} {EA} '22},
	title = {Virtual {Lab} by {Quantum} {Flytrap}: {Interactive} simulation of quantum mechanics},
	isbn = {978-1-4503-9156-6},
	shorttitle = {Virtual {Lab} by {Quantum} {Flytrap}},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3491101.3519885},
	doi = {10.1145/3491101.3519885},
	abstract = {Virtual Lab by Quantum Flytrap explores novel ways to represent quantum phenomena in an interactive and intuitive way. It is an online laboratory with a real-time simulation of an optical table, supporting up to 3 entangled particles. We have created a highly visual no-code interface and an introductory Quantum Game to make the Virtual Lab approachable for users without prior exposure to quantum mechanics. At the same time, a configurable sandbox mode with customizable elements makes it useful for students, lecturers, and scientists. Virtual Lab provides a way to explore exact quantum states, entanglement, and the probabilistic nature of quantum physics. We provide ways to simulate quantum computing (e.g. Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm), use quantum cryptography (e.g. BB84 protocol), explore counterintuitive quantum phenomena (e.g. quantum teleportation), and recreate historical experiments (e.g. Michaelson-Morley interferometer). Virtual Lab is available at: https://lab.quantumflytrap.com/.},
	urldate = {2022-05-04},
	booktitle = {{CHI} {Conference} on {Human} {Factors} in {Computing} {Systems} {Extended} {Abstracts}},
	publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
	author = {Jankiewicz, Klementyna and Migdal, Piotr and Grabarz, Pawel},
	month = apr,
	year = {2022},
	keywords = {Quantum computing, Quantum mechanics, Simulation},
	pages = {1--4},
	file = {Full Text PDF:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/YAXKMQ7R/Jankiewicz et al. - 2022 - Virtual Lab by Quantum Flytrap Interactive simula.pdf:application/pdf},
}

@book{allen_optical_2003-1,
	address = {Bristol ; Philadelphia},
	edition = {1st edition},
	title = {Optical {Angular} {Momentum}},
	isbn = {978-0-7503-0901-1},
	language = {English},
	publisher = {CRC Press},
	author = {Allen, L. and Barnett, Stephen M. and Padgett, Miles J.},
	month = mar,
	year = {2003},
}

@book{allen_optical_2014,
	address = {Boca Raton},
	title = {Optical {Angular} {Momentum}},
	isbn = {978-0-429-17494-0},
	abstract = {Spin angular momentum of photons and the associated polarization of light has been known for many years. However, it is only over the last decade or so that physically realizable laboratory light beams have been used to study the orbital angular momentum of light. In many respects, orbital and spin angular momentum behave in a similar manner, but t},
	publisher = {CRC Press},
	author = {Allen, L. and Barnett, Stephen M. and Padgett, Miles J.},
	month = apr,
	year = {2014},
	doi = {10.1201/9781482269017},
}

@article{hughes_assessing_2022,
	title = {Assessing the {Needs} of the {Quantum} {Industry}},
	issn = {1557-9638},
	doi = {10.1109/TE.2022.3153841},
	abstract = {Background: Quantum information science and technology (QIST) has progressed significantly in the last decade, such that it is no longer solely in the domain of research labs, but is now beginning to be developed for, and applied in, industrial applications and products. With the emergence of this new quantum industry, a new workforce trained in QIST skills and knowledge is needed. Research Questions: To help support the education and training of this workforce, universities and colleges require knowledge of the type of jobs available for their students and what skills and degrees are most relevant for those new jobs. What are these jobs, skills, and degrees? Methodology: We report on the results from a survey of 57 companies in the quantum industry, with the goal of elucidating the jobs, skills, and degrees that are relevant for this new workforce. Findings: We find a range of job opportunities from highly specific jobs, such as quantum algorithm developer and error correction scientist, to broader jobs categories within the business, software, and hardware sectors. These broader jobs require a range of skills, most of which are not quantum related. Furthermore, except for the highly specific jobs, companies that responded to the survey are looking for a range of degree levels to fill these new positions, from bachelors to masters to Ph.D.s. Contribution: With this knowledge, students, instructors, and university administrators can make informed decisions about how to address the challenge of increasing the future quantum workforce.},
	journal = {IEEE Transactions on Education},
	author = {Hughes, Ciaran and Finke, Doug and German, Dan-Adrian and Merzbacher, Celia and Vora, Patrick M. and Lewandowski, H. J.},
	year = {2022},
	note = {arXiv: 2109.03601},
	keywords = {quantum computing, Quantum computing, Education, Companies, Industries, Investment, policy, Quantum information science, Stakeholders, workforce development.},
	pages = {1--10},
	file = {IEEE Xplore Abstract Record:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/FK5JGS7S/9733176.html:text/html;IEEE Xplore Full Text PDF:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/SZE8SDTH/Hughes et al. - 2022 - Assessing the Needs of the Quantum Industry.pdf:application/pdf},
}

@article{leforestier_comparison_1991,
	title = {A comparison of different propagation schemes for the time dependent {Schrödinger} equation},
	volume = {94},
	issn = {0021-9991},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/002199919190137A},
	doi = {10.1016/0021-9991(91)90137-A},
	abstract = {A comparison of three widely used time propagation algorithms for the time dependent Schrödinger equation is described. A typical evolution problem is chosen to demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the various methods on a numerical grid using a pseudo-spectral (FFT) spatial representation for scattering and bound state evolution. The methods used —second-order differencing, split operator propagation, Chebyshev polynomial expansion—are discussed in terms of their applicability to various classes of dynamic problems. A new method is introduced which is based upon a low-order Lanczos technique. This method appears to offer an accurate and flexible alternative to the existing techniques. Overall the Chebyshev method is recommended for time independent potentials and the Lanczos method for time dependent potentials.},
	language = {en},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2022-05-19},
	journal = {Journal of Computational Physics},
	author = {Leforestier, C and Bisseling, R. H and Cerjan, C and Feit, M. D and Friesner, R and Guldberg, A and Hammerich, A and Jolicard, G and Karrlein, W and Meyer, H. -D and Lipkin, N and Roncero, O and Kosloff, R},
	month = may,
	year = {1991},
	pages = {59--80},
	file = {ScienceDirect Snapshot:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/5J6X5FLM/002199919190137A.html:text/html},
}

@article{kwiat_new_1995,
	title = {New {High}-{Intensity} {Source} of {Polarization}-{Entangled} {Photon} {Pairs}},
	volume = {75},
	url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.4337},
	doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.4337},
	abstract = {We report on a high-intensity source of polarization-entangled photon pairs with high momentum definition. Type-II noncollinear phase matching in parametric down conversion produces true entanglement: No part of the wave function must be discarded, in contrast to previous schemes. With two-photon fringe visibilities in excess of 97\%, we demonstrated a violation of Bell's inequality by over 100 standard deviations in less than 5 min. The new source allowed ready preparation of all four of the EPR-Bell states., This article appears in the following collection:},
	number = {24},
	urldate = {2022-05-22},
	journal = {Physical Review Letters},
	author = {Kwiat, Paul G. and Mattle, Klaus and Weinfurter, Harald and Zeilinger, Anton and Sergienko, Alexander V. and Shih, Yanhua},
	month = dec,
	year = {1995},
	note = {Publisher: American Physical Society},
	pages = {4337--4341},
	file = {APS Snapshot:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/RVDP2XRX/PhysRevLett.75.html:text/html;Full Text PDF:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/QYD938HZ/Kwiat et al. - 1995 - New High-Intensity Source of Polarization-Entangle.pdf:application/pdf},
}

@article{fox_swinging_1997,
	title = {Swinging: {What} young children begin to learn about physics during outdoor play},
	volume = {9},
	issn = {1090-185X},
	shorttitle = {Swinging},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03173764},
	doi = {10.1007/BF03173764},
	abstract = {The outdoor play environment provides an appropriate laboratory for young children’s early explorations of physics principles. Swings, as life-sized pendulums, provide three-, four-, five-, and six-year-old children opportunities to experiment with balance, force, gravity, resistance, and resonance. Findings of this study indicate that through play on swings young children accommodate and assimilate the physics principles associated with pendulums. Implications for early childhood and elementary classrooms are discussed.},
	language = {en},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2022-05-22},
	journal = {Journal of Elementary Science Education},
	author = {Fox, Jill Englebright},
	month = oct,
	year = {1997},
	keywords = {Elementary Classroom, Elementary Science Education, Medium Amplitude, Outdoor Play, Physics Principle},
	pages = {1},
}

@article{solis_childrens_2017,
	title = {Children’s {Exploration} of {Physical} {Phenomena} {During} {Object} {Play}},
	volume = {31},
	issn = {0256-8543},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1080/02568543.2016.1244583},
	doi = {10.1080/02568543.2016.1244583},
	abstract = {Researchers propose that experiencing and manipulating physical principles through objects allows young children to formulate scientific intuitions that may serve as precursors to learning in STEM subjects. This may be especially true when children discover these physical principles through object affordances during play. The present study investigated preschoolers’ spontaneous explorations of physical phenomena during their object play experiences. It consisted of biweekly naturalistic observations of 20 children’s free play, carried out over 8 weeks in two northeastern United States preschools. Results demonstrated that children encountered a variety of physical concepts, including magnetism, forces, energy, tension, friction, and simple machines, as they engaged in spatial-mathematical activities, planned and executed play sequences, problem solved, and explored with objects available in their classrooms. The findings offer insights into the physical phenomena available to children through object play and how these opportunities can be used to support children in reasoning about the physical world.},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2022-05-22},
	journal = {Journal of Research in Childhood Education},
	author = {Solis, S. Lynneth and Curtis, Kaley N. and Hayes-Messinger, Amani},
	month = jan,
	year = {2017},
	note = {Publisher: Routledge
\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/02568543.2016.1244583},
	keywords = {Object play, physical science, preschool instruction, scientific reasoning},
	pages = {122--140},
	file = {Snapshot:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/PHDLEMT7/02568543.2016.html:text/html;Submitted Version:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/KXPNXK4H/Solis et al. - 2017 - Children’s Exploration of Physical Phenomena Durin.pdf:application/pdf},
}

@article{box_note_1958,
	title = {A {Note} on the {Generation} of {Random} {Normal} {Deviates}},
	volume = {29},
	issn = {0003-4851, 2168-8990},
	url = {https://projecteuclid.org/journals/annals-of-mathematical-statistics/volume-29/issue-2/A-Note-on-the-Generation-of-Random-Normal-Deviates/10.1214/aoms/1177706645.full},
	doi = {10.1214/aoms/1177706645},
	abstract = {The Annals of Mathematical Statistics},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2022-05-22},
	journal = {The Annals of Mathematical Statistics},
	author = {Box, G. E. P. and Muller, Mervin E.},
	month = jun,
	year = {1958},
	note = {Publisher: Institute of Mathematical Statistics},
	pages = {610--611},
	file = {Snapshot:/Users/pmigdal/Zotero/storage/P8ZMNXQE/1177706645.html:text/html},
}