diff --git a/benchmarks/AnomalyDetectors/GaussianMLEBench.php b/benchmarks/AnomalyDetectors/GaussianMLEBench.php
index 33e554d88..6324a959e 100644
--- a/benchmarks/AnomalyDetectors/GaussianMLEBench.php
+++ b/benchmarks/AnomalyDetectors/GaussianMLEBench.php
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Generators\Blob;
 use Rubix\ML\AnomalyDetectors\GaussianMLE;
 use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Generators\Agglomerate;
+use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
 
 /**
  * @Groups({"AnomalyDetectors"})
@@ -12,24 +13,15 @@
  */
 class GaussianMLEBench
 {
-    protected const TRAINING_SIZE = 10000;
+    protected const int TRAINING_SIZE = 10000;
 
-    protected const TESTING_SIZE = 10000;
+    protected const int TESTING_SIZE = 10000;
 
-    /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
-     */
-    protected $training;
+    protected Labeled $training;
 
-    /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
-     */
-    protected $testing;
+    protected Labeled $testing;
 
-    /**
-     * @var GaussianMLE
-     */
-    protected $estimator;
+    protected GaussianMLE $estimator;
 
     public function setUp() : void
     {
diff --git a/benchmarks/AnomalyDetectors/IsolationForestBench.php b/benchmarks/AnomalyDetectors/IsolationForestBench.php
index 33e162b02..5b2cdf5c8 100644
--- a/benchmarks/AnomalyDetectors/IsolationForestBench.php
+++ b/benchmarks/AnomalyDetectors/IsolationForestBench.php
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Generators\Blob;
 use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Generators\Agglomerate;
 use Rubix\ML\AnomalyDetectors\IsolationForest;
+use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
 
 /**
  * @Groups({"AnomalyDetectors"})
@@ -12,24 +13,15 @@
  */
 class IsolationForestBench
 {
-    protected const TRAINING_SIZE = 10000;
+    protected const int TRAINING_SIZE = 10000;
 
-    protected const TESTING_SIZE = 10000;
+    protected const int TESTING_SIZE = 10000;
 
-    /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
-     */
-    protected $training;
+    protected Labeled $training;
 
-    /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
-     */
-    protected $testing;
+    protected Labeled $testing;
 
-    /**
-     * @var IsolationForest
-     */
-    protected $estimator;
+    protected IsolationForest $estimator;
 
     public function setUp() : void
     {
diff --git a/benchmarks/AnomalyDetectors/LocalOutlierFactorBench.php b/benchmarks/AnomalyDetectors/LocalOutlierFactorBench.php
index ac3b8397b..ba66487f6 100644
--- a/benchmarks/AnomalyDetectors/LocalOutlierFactorBench.php
+++ b/benchmarks/AnomalyDetectors/LocalOutlierFactorBench.php
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Generators\Blob;
 use Rubix\ML\AnomalyDetectors\LocalOutlierFactor;
 use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Generators\Agglomerate;
+use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
 
 /**
  * @Groups({"AnomalyDetectors"})
@@ -12,24 +13,15 @@
  */
 class LocalOutlierFactorBench
 {
-    protected const TRAINING_SIZE = 10000;
+    protected const int TRAINING_SIZE = 10000;
 
-    protected const TESTING_SIZE = 10000;
+    protected const int TESTING_SIZE = 10000;
 
-    /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
-     */
-    protected $training;
+    protected Labeled $training;
 
-    /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
-     */
-    protected $testing;
+    protected Labeled $testing;
 
-    /**
-     * @var LocalOutlierFactor
-     */
-    protected $estimator;
+    protected LocalOutlierFactor $estimator;
 
     public function setUp() : void
     {
diff --git a/benchmarks/AnomalyDetectors/LodaBench.php b/benchmarks/AnomalyDetectors/LodaBench.php
index 3b742217a..550f7ba3c 100644
--- a/benchmarks/AnomalyDetectors/LodaBench.php
+++ b/benchmarks/AnomalyDetectors/LodaBench.php
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 use Rubix\ML\AnomalyDetectors\Loda;
 use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Generators\Blob;
 use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Generators\Agglomerate;
+use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
 
 /**
  * @Groups({"AnomalyDetectors"})
@@ -12,24 +13,15 @@
  */
 class LodaBench
 {
-    protected const TRAINING_SIZE = 10000;
+    protected const int TRAINING_SIZE = 10000;
 
-    protected const TESTING_SIZE = 10000;
+    protected const int TESTING_SIZE = 10000;
 
-    /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
-     */
-    protected $training;
+    protected Labeled $training;
 
-    /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
-     */
-    protected $testing;
+    protected Labeled $testing;
 
-    /**
-     * @var Loda
-     */
-    protected $estimator;
+    protected Loda $estimator;
 
     public function setUp() : void
     {
diff --git a/benchmarks/AnomalyDetectors/OneClassSVMBench.php b/benchmarks/AnomalyDetectors/OneClassSVMBench.php
index 1d722c3dc..dc513b080 100644
--- a/benchmarks/AnomalyDetectors/OneClassSVMBench.php
+++ b/benchmarks/AnomalyDetectors/OneClassSVMBench.php
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Generators\Blob;
 use Rubix\ML\AnomalyDetectors\OneClassSVM;
 use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Generators\Agglomerate;
+use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
 
 /**
  * @Groups({"AnomalyDetectors"})
@@ -12,24 +13,15 @@
  */
 class OneClassSVMBench
 {
-    protected const TRAINING_SIZE = 10000;
+    protected const int TRAINING_SIZE = 10000;
 
-    protected const TESTING_SIZE = 10000;
+    protected const int TESTING_SIZE = 10000;
 
-    /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
-     */
-    protected $training;
+    protected Labeled $training;
 
-    /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
-     */
-    protected $testing;
+    protected Labeled $testing;
 
-    /**
-     * @var OneClassSVM
-     */
-    protected $estimator;
+    protected OneClassSVM $estimator;
 
     public function setUp() : void
     {
diff --git a/benchmarks/AnomalyDetectors/RobustZScoreBench.php b/benchmarks/AnomalyDetectors/RobustZScoreBench.php
index a4851c804..2e9a66d85 100644
--- a/benchmarks/AnomalyDetectors/RobustZScoreBench.php
+++ b/benchmarks/AnomalyDetectors/RobustZScoreBench.php
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Generators\Blob;
 use Rubix\ML\AnomalyDetectors\RobustZScore;
 use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Generators\Agglomerate;
+use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
 
 /**
  * @Groups({"AnomalyDetectors"})
@@ -12,24 +13,15 @@
  */
 class RobustZScoreBench
 {
-    protected const TRAINING_SIZE = 10000;
+    protected const int TRAINING_SIZE = 10000;
 
-    protected const TESTING_SIZE = 10000;
+    protected const int TESTING_SIZE = 10000;
 
-    /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
-     */
-    protected $training;
+    protected Labeled $training;
 
-    /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
-     */
-    protected $testing;
+    protected Labeled $testing;
 
-    /**
-     * @var RobustZScore
-     */
-    protected $estimator;
+    protected RobustZScore $estimator;
 
     public function setUp() : void
     {
diff --git a/benchmarks/Classifiers/AdaBoostBench.php b/benchmarks/Classifiers/AdaBoostBench.php
index faad0eda6..a443b593f 100644
--- a/benchmarks/Classifiers/AdaBoostBench.php
+++ b/benchmarks/Classifiers/AdaBoostBench.php
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Generators\Blob;
 use Rubix\ML\Classifiers\ClassificationTree;
 use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Generators\Agglomerate;
+use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
 
 /**
  * @Groups({"Classifiers"})
@@ -13,24 +14,15 @@
  */
 class AdaBoostBench
 {
-    protected const TRAINING_SIZE = 10000;
+    protected const int TRAINING_SIZE = 10000;
 
-    protected const TESTING_SIZE = 10000;
+    protected const int TESTING_SIZE = 10000;
 
-    /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
-     */
-    protected $training;
+    protected Labeled $training;
 
-    /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
-     */
-    protected $testing;
+    protected Labeled $testing;
 
-    /**
-     * @var AdaBoost
-     */
-    protected $estimator;
+    protected AdaBoost $estimator;
 
     public function setUp() : void
     {
diff --git a/benchmarks/Classifiers/ClassificationTreeBench.php b/benchmarks/Classifiers/ClassificationTreeBench.php
index 94e0e6e14..0ab3c2f64 100644
--- a/benchmarks/Classifiers/ClassificationTreeBench.php
+++ b/benchmarks/Classifiers/ClassificationTreeBench.php
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Generators\Blob;
 use Rubix\ML\Classifiers\ClassificationTree;
 use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Generators\Agglomerate;
+use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
 
 /**
  * @Groups({"Classifiers"})
@@ -12,24 +13,15 @@
  */
 class ClassificationTreeBench
 {
-    protected const TRAINING_SIZE = 10000;
+    protected const int TRAINING_SIZE = 10000;
 
-    protected const TESTING_SIZE = 10000;
+    protected const int TESTING_SIZE = 10000;
 
-    /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
-     */
-    protected $training;
+    protected Labeled $training;
 
-    /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
-     */
-    protected $testing;
+    protected Labeled $testing;
 
-    /**
-     * @var ClassificationTree
-     */
-    protected $estimator;
+    protected ClassificationTree $estimator;
 
     public function setUp() : void
     {
diff --git a/benchmarks/Classifiers/ExtraTreeClassifierBench.php b/benchmarks/Classifiers/ExtraTreeClassifierBench.php
index c24f51449..296198039 100644
--- a/benchmarks/Classifiers/ExtraTreeClassifierBench.php
+++ b/benchmarks/Classifiers/ExtraTreeClassifierBench.php
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Generators\Blob;
 use Rubix\ML\Classifiers\ExtraTreeClassifier;
 use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Generators\Agglomerate;
+use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
 
 /**
  * @Groups({"Classifiers"})
@@ -12,24 +13,15 @@
  */
 class ExtraTreeClassifierBench
 {
-    protected const TRAINING_SIZE = 10000;
+    protected const int TRAINING_SIZE = 10000;
 
-    protected const TESTING_SIZE = 10000;
+    protected const int TESTING_SIZE = 10000;
 
-    /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
-     */
-    protected $training;
+    protected Labeled $training;
 
-    /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
-     */
-    protected $testing;
+    protected Labeled $testing;
 
-    /**
-     * @var ExtraTreeClassifier
-     */
-    protected $estimator;
+    protected ExtraTreeClassifier $estimator;
 
     public function setUp() : void
     {
diff --git a/benchmarks/Classifiers/GaussianNBBench.php b/benchmarks/Classifiers/GaussianNBBench.php
index 0e93b05b3..ca1fd6970 100644
--- a/benchmarks/Classifiers/GaussianNBBench.php
+++ b/benchmarks/Classifiers/GaussianNBBench.php
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 use Rubix\ML\Classifiers\GaussianNB;
 use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Generators\Blob;
 use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Generators\Agglomerate;
+use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
 
 /**
  * @Groups({"Classifiers"})
@@ -12,24 +13,15 @@
  */
 class GaussianNBBench
 {
-    protected const TRAINING_SIZE = 10000;
+    protected const int TRAINING_SIZE = 10000;
 
-    protected const TESTING_SIZE = 10000;
+    protected const int TESTING_SIZE = 10000;
 
-    /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
-     */
-    protected $training;
+    protected Labeled $training;
 
-    /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
-     */
-    protected $testing;
+    protected Labeled $testing;
 
-    /**
-     * @var GaussianNB
-     */
-    protected $estimator;
+    protected GaussianNB $estimator;
 
     public function setUp() : void
     {
diff --git a/benchmarks/Classifiers/KDNeighborsBench.php b/benchmarks/Classifiers/KDNeighborsBench.php
index 351700830..b0d78144f 100644
--- a/benchmarks/Classifiers/KDNeighborsBench.php
+++ b/benchmarks/Classifiers/KDNeighborsBench.php
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 use Rubix\ML\Classifiers\KDNeighbors;
 use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Generators\Blob;
 use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Generators\Agglomerate;
+use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
 
 /**
  * @Groups({"Classifiers"})
@@ -12,24 +13,15 @@
  */
 class KDNeighborsBench
 {
-    protected const TRAINING_SIZE = 10000;
+    protected const int TRAINING_SIZE = 10000;
 
-    protected const TESTING_SIZE = 10000;
+    protected const int TESTING_SIZE = 10000;
 
-    /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
-     */
-    protected $training;
+    protected Labeled $training;
 
-    /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
-     */
-    protected $testing;
+    protected Labeled $testing;
 
-    /**
-     * @var KDNeighbors
-     */
-    protected $estimator;
+    protected KDNeighbors $estimator;
 
     public function setUp() : void
     {
diff --git a/benchmarks/Classifiers/KNearestNeighborsBench.php b/benchmarks/Classifiers/KNearestNeighborsBench.php
index 1d0c3f7cb..1af81fcc7 100644
--- a/benchmarks/Classifiers/KNearestNeighborsBench.php
+++ b/benchmarks/Classifiers/KNearestNeighborsBench.php
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Generators\Blob;
 use Rubix\ML\Classifiers\KNearestNeighbors;
 use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Generators\Agglomerate;
+use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
 
 /**
  * @Groups({"Classifiers"})
@@ -12,24 +13,15 @@
  */
 class KNearestNeighborsBench
 {
-    protected const TRAINING_SIZE = 10000;
+    protected const int TRAINING_SIZE = 10000;
 
-    protected const TESTING_SIZE = 10000;
+    protected const int TESTING_SIZE = 10000;
 
-    /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
-     */
-    protected $training;
+    protected Labeled $training;
 
-    /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
-     */
-    protected $testing;
+    protected Labeled $testing;
 
-    /**
-     * @var KNearestNeighbors
-     */
-    protected $estimator;
+    protected KNearestNeighbors $estimator;
 
     public function setUp() : void
     {
diff --git a/benchmarks/Classifiers/LogisticRegressionBench.php b/benchmarks/Classifiers/LogisticRegressionBench.php
index fd00b295b..e557327d6 100644
--- a/benchmarks/Classifiers/LogisticRegressionBench.php
+++ b/benchmarks/Classifiers/LogisticRegressionBench.php
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Generators\Blob;
 use Rubix\ML\Classifiers\LogisticRegression;
 use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Generators\Agglomerate;
+use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
 
 /**
  * @Groups({"Classifiers"})
@@ -12,24 +13,15 @@
  */
 class LogisticRegressionBench
 {
-    protected const TRAINING_SIZE = 10000;
+    protected const int TRAINING_SIZE = 10000;
 
-    protected const TESTING_SIZE = 10000;
+    protected const int TESTING_SIZE = 10000;
 
-    /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
-     */
-    protected $training;
+    protected Labeled $training;
 
-    /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
-     */
-    protected $testing;
+    protected Labeled $testing;
 
-    /**
-     * @var LogisticRegression
-     */
-    protected $estimator;
+    protected LogisticRegression $estimator;
 
     public function setUp() : void
     {
diff --git a/benchmarks/Classifiers/LogitBoostBench.php b/benchmarks/Classifiers/LogitBoostBench.php
index b1b2b0ee0..213e2f0e4 100644
--- a/benchmarks/Classifiers/LogitBoostBench.php
+++ b/benchmarks/Classifiers/LogitBoostBench.php
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 use Rubix\ML\Classifiers\LogitBoost;
 use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Generators\Blob;
 use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Generators\Agglomerate;
+use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
 
 /**
  * @Groups({"Classifiers"})
@@ -12,24 +13,15 @@
  */
 class LogitBoostBench
 {
-    protected const TRAINING_SIZE = 10000;
+    protected const int TRAINING_SIZE = 10000;
 
-    protected const TESTING_SIZE = 10000;
+    protected const int TESTING_SIZE = 10000;
 
-    /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
-     */
-    protected $training;
+    protected Labeled $training;
 
-    /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
-     */
-    protected $testing;
+    protected Labeled $testing;
 
-    /**
-     * @var LogitBoost
-     */
-    protected $estimator;
+    protected LogitBoost $estimator;
 
     public function setUp() : void
     {
diff --git a/benchmarks/Classifiers/MultilayerPerceptronBench.php b/benchmarks/Classifiers/MultilayerPerceptronBench.php
index fa6b23087..2ce15a04c 100644
--- a/benchmarks/Classifiers/MultilayerPerceptronBench.php
+++ b/benchmarks/Classifiers/MultilayerPerceptronBench.php
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 namespace Rubix\ML\Benchmarks\Classifiers;
 
+use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
 use Rubix\ML\NeuralNet\Layers\Dense;
 use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Generators\Blob;
 use Rubix\ML\NeuralNet\Layers\Activation;
@@ -15,24 +16,15 @@
  */
 class MultilayerPerceptronBench
 {
-    protected const TRAINING_SIZE = 10000;
+    protected const int TRAINING_SIZE = 10000;
 
-    protected const TESTING_SIZE = 10000;
+    protected const int TESTING_SIZE = 10000;
 
-    /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
-     */
-    protected $training;
+    protected Labeled $training;
 
-    /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
-     */
-    protected $testing;
+    protected Labeled $testing;
 
-    /**
-     * @var MultilayerPerceptron
-     */
-    protected $estimator;
+    protected MultilayerPerceptron $estimator;
 
     public function setUp() : void
     {
diff --git a/benchmarks/Classifiers/NaiveBayesBench.php b/benchmarks/Classifiers/NaiveBayesBench.php
index 81f59183e..9033a0e4d 100644
--- a/benchmarks/Classifiers/NaiveBayesBench.php
+++ b/benchmarks/Classifiers/NaiveBayesBench.php
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 use Rubix\ML\Classifiers\NaiveBayes;
 use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Generators\Blob;
 use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Generators\Agglomerate;
+use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
 use Rubix\ML\Transformers\IntervalDiscretizer;
 
 /**
@@ -13,24 +14,15 @@
  */
 class NaiveBayesBench
 {
-    protected const TRAINING_SIZE = 10000;
+    protected const int TRAINING_SIZE = 10000;
 
-    protected const TESTING_SIZE = 10000;
+    protected const int TESTING_SIZE = 10000;
 
-    /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
-     */
-    protected $training;
+    protected Labeled $training;
 
-    /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
-     */
-    protected $testing;
+    protected Labeled $testing;
 
-    /**
-     * @var NaiveBayes
-     */
-    protected $estimator;
+    protected NaiveBayes $estimator;
 
     public function setUp() : void
     {
diff --git a/benchmarks/Classifiers/OneVsRestBench.php b/benchmarks/Classifiers/OneVsRestBench.php
index b56b1d504..f26ba4cee 100644
--- a/benchmarks/Classifiers/OneVsRestBench.php
+++ b/benchmarks/Classifiers/OneVsRestBench.php
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 use Rubix\ML\Classifiers\OneVsRest;
 use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Generators\Blob;
 use Rubix\ML\Classifiers\LogisticRegression;
+use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
 use Rubix\ML\NeuralNet\Optimizers\Stochastic;
 use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Generators\Agglomerate;
 use Rubix\ML\Tests\DataProvider\BackendProviderTrait;
@@ -18,24 +19,15 @@ class OneVsRestBench
 {
     use BackendProviderTrait;
 
-    protected const TRAINING_SIZE = 10000;
+    protected const int TRAINING_SIZE = 10000;
 
-    protected const TESTING_SIZE = 10000;
+    protected const int TESTING_SIZE = 10000;
 
-    /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
-     */
-    protected $training;
+    protected Labeled $training;
 
-    /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
-     */
-    protected $testing;
+    protected Labeled $testing;
 
-    /**
-     * @var OneVsRest
-     */
-    protected $estimator;
+    protected OneVsRest $estimator;
 
     public function setUp() : void
     {
diff --git a/benchmarks/Classifiers/RadiusNeighborsBench.php b/benchmarks/Classifiers/RadiusNeighborsBench.php
index b7e1bce1a..53e46d4c7 100644
--- a/benchmarks/Classifiers/RadiusNeighborsBench.php
+++ b/benchmarks/Classifiers/RadiusNeighborsBench.php
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Generators\Blob;
 use Rubix\ML\Classifiers\RadiusNeighbors;
 use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Generators\Agglomerate;
+use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
 
 /**
  * @Groups({"Classifiers"})
@@ -12,24 +13,15 @@
  */
 class RadiusNeighborsBench
 {
-    protected const TRAINING_SIZE = 10000;
+    protected const int TRAINING_SIZE = 10000;
 
-    protected const TESTING_SIZE = 10000;
+    protected const int TESTING_SIZE = 10000;
 
-    /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
-     */
-    protected $training;
+    protected Labeled $training;
 
-    /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
-     */
-    protected $testing;
+    protected Labeled $testing;
 
-    /**
-     * @var RadiusNeighbors
-     */
-    protected $estimator;
+    protected RadiusNeighbors $estimator;
 
     public function setUp() : void
     {
diff --git a/benchmarks/Classifiers/RandomForestBench.php b/benchmarks/Classifiers/RandomForestBench.php
index 674090014..dbff5a904 100644
--- a/benchmarks/Classifiers/RandomForestBench.php
+++ b/benchmarks/Classifiers/RandomForestBench.php
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Generators\Blob;
 use Rubix\ML\Classifiers\ClassificationTree;
 use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Generators\Agglomerate;
+use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
 use Rubix\ML\Tests\DataProvider\BackendProviderTrait;
 use Rubix\ML\Transformers\IntervalDiscretizer;
 
@@ -17,24 +18,15 @@ class RandomForestBench
 {
     use BackendProviderTrait;
 
-    protected const TRAINING_SIZE = 10000;
+    protected const int TRAINING_SIZE = 10000;
 
-    protected const TESTING_SIZE = 10000;
+    protected const int TESTING_SIZE = 10000;
 
-    /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
-     */
-    protected $training;
+    protected Labeled $training;
 
-    /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
-     */
-    protected $testing;
+    protected Labeled $testing;
 
-    /**
-     * @var RandomForest
-     */
-    protected $estimator;
+    protected RandomForest $estimator;
 
     public function setUpContinuous() : void
     {
diff --git a/benchmarks/Classifiers/SVCBench.php b/benchmarks/Classifiers/SVCBench.php
index 5789ad476..aef3ec110 100644
--- a/benchmarks/Classifiers/SVCBench.php
+++ b/benchmarks/Classifiers/SVCBench.php
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 namespace Rubix\ML\Benchmarks\Classifiers;
 
 use Rubix\ML\Classifiers\SVC;
+use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
 use Rubix\ML\Kernels\SVM\Polynomial;
 use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Generators\Blob;
 use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Generators\Agglomerate;
@@ -13,24 +14,15 @@
  */
 class SVCBench
 {
-    protected const TRAINING_SIZE = 10000;
+    protected const int TRAINING_SIZE = 10000;
 
-    protected const TESTING_SIZE = 10000;
+    protected const int TESTING_SIZE = 10000;
 
-    /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
-     */
-    protected $training;
+    protected Labeled $training;
 
-    /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
-     */
-    protected $testing;
+    protected Labeled $testing;
 
-    /**
-     * @var SVC
-     */
-    protected $estimator;
+    protected SVC $estimator;
 
     public function setUp() : void
     {
diff --git a/benchmarks/Classifiers/SoftmaxClassifierBench.php b/benchmarks/Classifiers/SoftmaxClassifierBench.php
index 64b598af1..bb888fe79 100644
--- a/benchmarks/Classifiers/SoftmaxClassifierBench.php
+++ b/benchmarks/Classifiers/SoftmaxClassifierBench.php
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Generators\Blob;
 use Rubix\ML\Classifiers\SoftmaxClassifier;
 use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Generators\Agglomerate;
+use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
 
 /**
  * @Groups({"Classifiers"})
@@ -12,24 +13,15 @@
  */
 class SoftmaxClassifierBench
 {
-    protected const TRAINING_SIZE = 10000;
+    protected const int TRAINING_SIZE = 10000;
 
-    protected const TESTING_SIZE = 10000;
+    protected const int TESTING_SIZE = 10000;
 
-    /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
-     */
-    protected $training;
+    protected Labeled $training;
 
-    /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
-     */
-    protected $testing;
+    protected Labeled $testing;
 
-    /**
-     * @var SoftmaxClassifier
-     */
-    protected $estimator;
+    protected SoftmaxClassifier $estimator;
 
     public function setUp() : void
     {
diff --git a/benchmarks/Clusterers/DBSCANBench.php b/benchmarks/Clusterers/DBSCANBench.php
index 41baee8dd..f231a3ece 100644
--- a/benchmarks/Clusterers/DBSCANBench.php
+++ b/benchmarks/Clusterers/DBSCANBench.php
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ class DBSCANBench
     protected const TESTING_SIZE = 10000;
 
     /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
+     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled
      */
     protected $testing;
 
diff --git a/benchmarks/Clusterers/FuzzyCMeansBench.php b/benchmarks/Clusterers/FuzzyCMeansBench.php
index 3c629633e..b7b43ac82 100644
--- a/benchmarks/Clusterers/FuzzyCMeansBench.php
+++ b/benchmarks/Clusterers/FuzzyCMeansBench.php
@@ -17,12 +17,12 @@ class FuzzyCMeansBench
     protected const TESTING_SIZE = 10000;
 
     /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
+     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled
      */
     protected $training;
 
     /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
+     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled
      */
     protected $testing;
 
diff --git a/benchmarks/Clusterers/GaussianMixtureBench.php b/benchmarks/Clusterers/GaussianMixtureBench.php
index 0d2167837..d2fdf0c14 100644
--- a/benchmarks/Clusterers/GaussianMixtureBench.php
+++ b/benchmarks/Clusterers/GaussianMixtureBench.php
@@ -17,12 +17,12 @@ class GaussianMixtureBench
     protected const TESTING_SIZE = 10000;
 
     /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
+     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled
      */
     protected $training;
 
     /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
+     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled
      */
     protected $testing;
 
diff --git a/benchmarks/Clusterers/KMeansBench.php b/benchmarks/Clusterers/KMeansBench.php
index 598e0b0d9..1badd41b9 100644
--- a/benchmarks/Clusterers/KMeansBench.php
+++ b/benchmarks/Clusterers/KMeansBench.php
@@ -17,12 +17,12 @@ class KMeansBench
     protected const TESTING_SIZE = 10000;
 
     /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
+     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled
      */
     protected $training;
 
     /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
+     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled
      */
     protected $testing;
 
diff --git a/benchmarks/Clusterers/MeanShiftBench.php b/benchmarks/Clusterers/MeanShiftBench.php
index 0ae0d9afd..16db1fb12 100644
--- a/benchmarks/Clusterers/MeanShiftBench.php
+++ b/benchmarks/Clusterers/MeanShiftBench.php
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 use Rubix\ML\Clusterers\MeanShift;
 use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Generators\Blob;
 use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Generators\Agglomerate;
+use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
 
 /**
  * @Groups({"Clusterers"})
@@ -12,24 +13,15 @@
  */
 class MeanShiftBench
 {
-    protected const TRAINING_SIZE = 10000;
+    protected const int TRAINING_SIZE = 10000;
 
-    protected const TESTING_SIZE = 10000;
+    protected const int TESTING_SIZE = 10000;
 
-    /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
-     */
-    protected $training;
+    protected Labeled $training;
 
-    /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
-     */
-    protected $testing;
+    protected Labeled $testing;
 
-    /**
-     * @var MeanShift
-     */
-    protected $estimator;
+    protected MeanShift $estimator;
 
     public function setUp() : void
     {
diff --git a/benchmarks/Datasets/RandomizationBench.php b/benchmarks/Datasets/RandomizationBench.php
index 4b1f234c8..e93679576 100644
--- a/benchmarks/Datasets/RandomizationBench.php
+++ b/benchmarks/Datasets/RandomizationBench.php
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ class RandomizationBench
     protected const SUBSAMPLE_SIZE = 10000;
 
     /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
+     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled
      */
     protected $dataset;
 
diff --git a/benchmarks/Datasets/SortingBench.php b/benchmarks/Datasets/SortingBench.php
index 4ca135901..c049257e6 100644
--- a/benchmarks/Datasets/SortingBench.php
+++ b/benchmarks/Datasets/SortingBench.php
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ class SortingBench
     protected const DATASET_SIZE = 2500;
 
     /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
+     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled
      */
     protected $dataset;
 
diff --git a/benchmarks/Datasets/SplittingBench.php b/benchmarks/Datasets/SplittingBench.php
index 214c14980..a4751651f 100644
--- a/benchmarks/Datasets/SplittingBench.php
+++ b/benchmarks/Datasets/SplittingBench.php
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ class SplittingBench
     protected const DATASET_SIZE = 25000;
 
     /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
+     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled
      */
     protected $dataset;
 
diff --git a/benchmarks/Graph/Trees/BallTreeBench.php b/benchmarks/Graph/Trees/BallTreeBench.php
index c4066c4a5..b673e99a7 100644
--- a/benchmarks/Graph/Trees/BallTreeBench.php
+++ b/benchmarks/Graph/Trees/BallTreeBench.php
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ class BallTreeBench
     protected const DATASET_SIZE = 10000;
 
     /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
+     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled
      */
     protected $dataset;
 
diff --git a/benchmarks/Graph/Trees/KDTreeBench.php b/benchmarks/Graph/Trees/KDTreeBench.php
index ad4f479d2..c7164e75f 100644
--- a/benchmarks/Graph/Trees/KDTreeBench.php
+++ b/benchmarks/Graph/Trees/KDTreeBench.php
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ class KDTreeBench
     protected const DATASET_SIZE = 10000;
 
     /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
+     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled
      */
     protected $dataset;
 
diff --git a/benchmarks/Graph/Trees/VantageTreeBench.php b/benchmarks/Graph/Trees/VantageTreeBench.php
index b2e878256..0d7b19a97 100644
--- a/benchmarks/Graph/Trees/VantageTreeBench.php
+++ b/benchmarks/Graph/Trees/VantageTreeBench.php
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ class VantageTreeBench
     protected const DATASET_SIZE = 10000;
 
     /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
+     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled
      */
     protected $dataset;
 
diff --git a/benchmarks/Regressors/AdalineBench.php b/benchmarks/Regressors/AdalineBench.php
index e9e026182..71e4a125f 100644
--- a/benchmarks/Regressors/AdalineBench.php
+++ b/benchmarks/Regressors/AdalineBench.php
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 namespace Rubix\ML\Benchmarks\Regressors;
 
+use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
 use Rubix\ML\Regressors\Adaline;
 use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Generators\Hyperplane;
 
@@ -11,24 +12,15 @@
  */
 class AdalineBench
 {
-    protected const TRAINING_SIZE = 10000;
+    protected const int TRAINING_SIZE = 10000;
 
-    protected const TESTING_SIZE = 10000;
+    protected const int TESTING_SIZE = 10000;
 
-    /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
-     */
-    protected $training;
+    protected Labeled $training;
 
-    /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
-     */
-    protected $testing;
+    protected Labeled $testing;
 
-    /**
-     * @var Adaline
-     */
-    protected $estimator;
+    protected Adaline $estimator;
 
     public function setUp() : void
     {
diff --git a/benchmarks/Regressors/ExtraTreeRegressorBench.php b/benchmarks/Regressors/ExtraTreeRegressorBench.php
index ae7f04680..51e5e71e1 100644
--- a/benchmarks/Regressors/ExtraTreeRegressorBench.php
+++ b/benchmarks/Regressors/ExtraTreeRegressorBench.php
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 namespace Rubix\ML\Benchmarks\Regressors;
 
+use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
 use Rubix\ML\Regressors\ExtraTreeRegressor;
 use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Generators\Hyperplane;
 
@@ -11,24 +12,15 @@
  */
 class ExtraTreeRegressorBench
 {
-    protected const TRAINING_SIZE = 10000;
+    protected const int TRAINING_SIZE = 10000;
 
-    protected const TESTING_SIZE = 10000;
+    protected const int TESTING_SIZE = 10000;
 
-    /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
-     */
-    protected $training;
+    protected Labeled $training;
 
-    /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
-     */
-    protected $testing;
+    protected Labeled $testing;
 
-    /**
-     * @var ExtraTreeRegressor
-     */
-    protected $estimator;
+    protected ExtraTreeRegressor $estimator;
 
     public function setUp() : void
     {
diff --git a/benchmarks/Regressors/GradientBoostBench.php b/benchmarks/Regressors/GradientBoostBench.php
index 0321a697b..0c374ab8c 100644
--- a/benchmarks/Regressors/GradientBoostBench.php
+++ b/benchmarks/Regressors/GradientBoostBench.php
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 namespace Rubix\ML\Benchmarks\Regressors;
 
+use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
 use Rubix\ML\Regressors\GradientBoost;
 use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Generators\Hyperplane;
 use Rubix\ML\Transformers\IntervalDiscretizer;
@@ -11,24 +12,15 @@
  */
 class GradientBoostBench
 {
-    protected const TRAINING_SIZE = 10000;
+    protected const int TRAINING_SIZE = 10000;
 
-    protected const TESTING_SIZE = 10000;
+    protected const int TESTING_SIZE = 10000;
 
-    /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
-     */
-    protected $training;
+    protected Labeled $training;
 
-    /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
-     */
-    protected $testing;
+    protected Labeled $testing;
 
-    /**
-     * @var GradientBoost
-     */
-    protected $estimator;
+    protected GradientBoost $estimator;
 
     public function setUpContinuous() : void
     {
diff --git a/benchmarks/Regressors/KDNeighborsRegressorBench.php b/benchmarks/Regressors/KDNeighborsRegressorBench.php
index d9f26890d..07b18f94e 100644
--- a/benchmarks/Regressors/KDNeighborsRegressorBench.php
+++ b/benchmarks/Regressors/KDNeighborsRegressorBench.php
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 namespace Rubix\ML\Benchmarks\Regressors;
 
+use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
 use Rubix\ML\Regressors\KDNeighborsRegressor;
 use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Generators\Hyperplane;
 
@@ -11,24 +12,15 @@
  */
 class KDNeighborsRegressorBench
 {
-    protected const TRAINING_SIZE = 10000;
+    protected const int TRAINING_SIZE = 10000;
 
-    protected const TESTING_SIZE = 10000;
+    protected const int TESTING_SIZE = 10000;
 
-    /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
-     */
-    protected $training;
+    protected Labeled $training;
 
-    /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
-     */
-    protected $testing;
+    protected Labeled $testing;
 
-    /**
-     * @var KDNeighborsRegressor
-     */
-    protected $estimator;
+    protected KDNeighborsRegressor $estimator;
 
     public function setUp() : void
     {
diff --git a/benchmarks/Regressors/KNNRegressorBench.php b/benchmarks/Regressors/KNNRegressorBench.php
index 993de0d00..5c5b1d38a 100644
--- a/benchmarks/Regressors/KNNRegressorBench.php
+++ b/benchmarks/Regressors/KNNRegressorBench.php
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 namespace Rubix\ML\Benchmarks\Regressors;
 
+use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
 use Rubix\ML\Regressors\KNNRegressor;
 use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Generators\Hyperplane;
 
@@ -11,24 +12,15 @@
  */
 class KNNRegressorBench
 {
-    protected const TRAINING_SIZE = 10000;
+    protected const int TRAINING_SIZE = 10000;
 
-    protected const TESTING_SIZE = 10000;
+    protected const int TESTING_SIZE = 10000;
 
-    /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
-     */
-    protected $training;
+    protected Labeled $training;
 
-    /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
-     */
-    protected $testing;
+    protected Labeled $testing;
 
-    /**
-     * @var KNNRegressor
-     */
-    protected $estimator;
+    protected KNNRegressor $estimator;
 
     public function setUp() : void
     {
diff --git a/benchmarks/Regressors/MLPRegressorBench.php b/benchmarks/Regressors/MLPRegressorBench.php
index 8aaa0c6ab..552f2f805 100644
--- a/benchmarks/Regressors/MLPRegressorBench.php
+++ b/benchmarks/Regressors/MLPRegressorBench.php
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 namespace Rubix\ML\Benchmarks\Regressors;
 
+use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
 use Rubix\ML\NeuralNet\Layers\Dense;
 use Rubix\ML\Regressors\MLPRegressor;
 use Rubix\ML\NeuralNet\Layers\Activation;
@@ -14,24 +15,15 @@
  */
 class MLPRegressorBench
 {
-    protected const TRAINING_SIZE = 10000;
+    protected const int TRAINING_SIZE = 10000;
 
-    protected const TESTING_SIZE = 10000;
+    protected const int TESTING_SIZE = 10000;
 
-    /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
-     */
-    protected $training;
+    protected Labeled $training;
 
-    /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
-     */
-    protected $testing;
+    protected Labeled $testing;
 
-    /**
-     * @var MLPRegressor
-     */
-    protected $estimator;
+    protected MLPRegressor $estimator;
 
     public function setUp() : void
     {
diff --git a/benchmarks/Regressors/RadiusNeighborsRegressorBench.php b/benchmarks/Regressors/RadiusNeighborsRegressorBench.php
index 9813dfbaf..4b6f4d5aa 100644
--- a/benchmarks/Regressors/RadiusNeighborsRegressorBench.php
+++ b/benchmarks/Regressors/RadiusNeighborsRegressorBench.php
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 namespace Rubix\ML\Benchmarks\Regressors;
 
+use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
 use Rubix\ML\Regressors\RadiusNeighborsRegressor;
 use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Generators\Hyperplane;
 
@@ -11,24 +12,15 @@
  */
 class RadiusNeighborsRegressorBench
 {
-    protected const TRAINING_SIZE = 10000;
+    protected const int TRAINING_SIZE = 10000;
 
-    protected const TESTING_SIZE = 10000;
+    protected const int TESTING_SIZE = 10000;
 
-    /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
-     */
-    protected $training;
+    protected Labeled $training;
 
-    /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
-     */
-    protected $testing;
+    protected Labeled $testing;
 
-    /**
-     * @var RadiusNeighborsRegressor
-     */
-    protected $estimator;
+    protected RadiusNeighborsRegressor $estimator;
 
     public function setUp() : void
     {
diff --git a/benchmarks/Regressors/RegressionTreeBench.php b/benchmarks/Regressors/RegressionTreeBench.php
index fab6d1abf..31dc6dfb2 100644
--- a/benchmarks/Regressors/RegressionTreeBench.php
+++ b/benchmarks/Regressors/RegressionTreeBench.php
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 namespace Rubix\ML\Benchmarks\Regressors;
 
+use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
 use Rubix\ML\Regressors\RegressionTree;
 use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Generators\Hyperplane;
 
@@ -11,24 +12,15 @@
  */
 class RegressionTreeBench
 {
-    protected const TRAINING_SIZE = 10000;
+    protected const int TRAINING_SIZE = 10000;
 
-    protected const TESTING_SIZE = 10000;
+    protected const int TESTING_SIZE = 10000;
 
-    /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
-     */
-    protected $training;
+    protected Labeled $training;
 
-    /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
-     */
-    protected $testing;
+    protected Labeled $testing;
 
-    /**
-     * @var RegressionTree
-     */
-    protected $estimator;
+    protected RegressionTree $estimator;
 
     public function setUp() : void
     {
diff --git a/benchmarks/Regressors/RidgeBench.php b/benchmarks/Regressors/RidgeBench.php
index d6f6f61f5..fb0e0653a 100644
--- a/benchmarks/Regressors/RidgeBench.php
+++ b/benchmarks/Regressors/RidgeBench.php
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 namespace Rubix\ML\Benchmarks\Regressors;
 
+use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
 use Rubix\ML\Regressors\Ridge;
 use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Generators\Hyperplane;
 
@@ -11,24 +12,15 @@
  */
 class RidgeBench
 {
-    protected const TRAINING_SIZE = 10000;
+    protected const int TRAINING_SIZE = 10000;
 
-    protected const TESTING_SIZE = 10000;
+    protected const int TESTING_SIZE = 10000;
 
-    /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
-     */
-    protected $training;
+    protected Labeled $training;
 
-    /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
-     */
-    protected $testing;
+    protected Labeled $testing;
 
-    /**
-     * @var Ridge
-     */
-    protected $estimator;
+    protected Ridge $estimator;
 
     public function setUp() : void
     {
diff --git a/benchmarks/Regressors/SVRBench.php b/benchmarks/Regressors/SVRBench.php
index 64fd4f333..3e2fb40bd 100644
--- a/benchmarks/Regressors/SVRBench.php
+++ b/benchmarks/Regressors/SVRBench.php
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 namespace Rubix\ML\Benchmarks\Regressors;
 
+use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
 use Rubix\ML\Regressors\SVR;
 use Rubix\ML\Datasets\Generators\Hyperplane;
 
@@ -11,24 +12,15 @@
  */
 class SVRBench
 {
-    protected const TRAINING_SIZE = 10000;
+    protected const int TRAINING_SIZE = 10000;
 
-    protected const TESTING_SIZE = 10000;
+    protected const int TESTING_SIZE = 10000;
 
-    /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
-     */
-    protected $training;
+    protected Labeled $training;
 
-    /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
-     */
-    protected $testing;
+    protected Labeled $testing;
 
-    /**
-     * @var SVR
-     */
-    protected $estimator;
+    protected SVR $estimator;
 
     public function setUp() : void
     {
diff --git a/benchmarks/Tokenizers/KSkipNGramBench.php b/benchmarks/Tokenizers/KSkipNGramBench.php
index 88dd3485f..322314f4a 100644
--- a/benchmarks/Tokenizers/KSkipNGramBench.php
+++ b/benchmarks/Tokenizers/KSkipNGramBench.php
@@ -10,12 +10,9 @@
  */
 class KSkipNGramBench
 {
-    protected const SAMPLE_TEXT = "Do you see any Teletubbies in here? Do you see a slender plastic tag clipped to my shirt with my name printed on it? Do you see a little Asian child with a blank expression on his face sitting outside on a mechanical helicopter that shakes when you put quarters in it? No? Well, that's what you see at a toy store. And you must think you're in a toy store, because you're here shopping for an infant named Jeb.";
+    protected const string SAMPLE_TEXT = "Do you see any Teletubbies in here? Do you see a slender plastic tag clipped to my shirt with my name printed on it? Do you see a little Asian child with a blank expression on his face sitting outside on a mechanical helicopter that shakes when you put quarters in it? No? Well, that's what you see at a toy store. And you must think you're in a toy store, because you're here shopping for an infant named Jeb.";
 
-    /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Tokenizers\KSkipNGram;
-     */
-    protected $tokenizer;
+    protected KSkipNGram $tokenizer;
 
     public function setUp() : void
     {
diff --git a/benchmarks/Tokenizers/NGramBench.php b/benchmarks/Tokenizers/NGramBench.php
index fc9da151d..759daea66 100644
--- a/benchmarks/Tokenizers/NGramBench.php
+++ b/benchmarks/Tokenizers/NGramBench.php
@@ -10,12 +10,9 @@
  */
 class NGramBench
 {
-    protected const SAMPLE_TEXT = "Do you see any Teletubbies in here? Do you see a slender plastic tag clipped to my shirt with my name printed on it? Do you see a little Asian child with a blank expression on his face sitting outside on a mechanical helicopter that shakes when you put quarters in it? No? Well, that's what you see at a toy store. And you must think you're in a toy store, because you're here shopping for an infant named Jeb.";
+    protected const string SAMPLE_TEXT = "Do you see any Teletubbies in here? Do you see a slender plastic tag clipped to my shirt with my name printed on it? Do you see a little Asian child with a blank expression on his face sitting outside on a mechanical helicopter that shakes when you put quarters in it? No? Well, that's what you see at a toy store. And you must think you're in a toy store, because you're here shopping for an infant named Jeb.";
 
-    /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Tokenizers\NGram;
-     */
-    protected $tokenizer;
+    protected NGram $tokenizer;
 
     public function setUp() : void
     {
diff --git a/benchmarks/Tokenizers/SentenceBench.php b/benchmarks/Tokenizers/SentenceBench.php
index c7da03d0d..f4021967b 100644
--- a/benchmarks/Tokenizers/SentenceBench.php
+++ b/benchmarks/Tokenizers/SentenceBench.php
@@ -10,12 +10,9 @@
  */
 class SentenceBench
 {
-    protected const SAMPLE_TEXT = "Do you see any Teletubbies in here? Do you see a slender plastic tag clipped to my shirt with my name printed on it? Do you see a little Asian child with a blank expression on his face sitting outside on a mechanical helicopter that shakes when you put quarters in it? No? Well, that's what you see at a toy store. And you must think you're in a toy store, because you're here shopping for an infant named Jeb.";
+    protected const string SAMPLE_TEXT = "Do you see any Teletubbies in here? Do you see a slender plastic tag clipped to my shirt with my name printed on it? Do you see a little Asian child with a blank expression on his face sitting outside on a mechanical helicopter that shakes when you put quarters in it? No? Well, that's what you see at a toy store. And you must think you're in a toy store, because you're here shopping for an infant named Jeb.";
 
-    /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Tokenizers\Sentence;
-     */
-    protected $tokenizer;
+    protected Sentence $tokenizer;
 
     public function setUp() : void
     {
diff --git a/benchmarks/Tokenizers/WhitespaceBench.php b/benchmarks/Tokenizers/WhitespaceBench.php
index a9dd9f11a..b04432358 100644
--- a/benchmarks/Tokenizers/WhitespaceBench.php
+++ b/benchmarks/Tokenizers/WhitespaceBench.php
@@ -10,12 +10,9 @@
  */
 class WhitespaceBench
 {
-    protected const SAMPLE_TEXT = "Do you see any Teletubbies in here? Do you see a slender plastic tag clipped to my shirt with my name printed on it? Do you see a little Asian child with a blank expression on his face sitting outside on a mechanical helicopter that shakes when you put quarters in it? No? Well, that's what you see at a toy store. And you must think you're in a toy store, because you're here shopping for an infant named Jeb.";
+    protected const string SAMPLE_TEXT = "Do you see any Teletubbies in here? Do you see a slender plastic tag clipped to my shirt with my name printed on it? Do you see a little Asian child with a blank expression on his face sitting outside on a mechanical helicopter that shakes when you put quarters in it? No? Well, that's what you see at a toy store. And you must think you're in a toy store, because you're here shopping for an infant named Jeb.";
 
-    /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Tokenizers\Whitespace;
-     */
-    protected $tokenizer;
+    protected Whitespace $tokenizer;
 
     public function setUp() : void
     {
diff --git a/benchmarks/Tokenizers/WordBench.php b/benchmarks/Tokenizers/WordBench.php
index 3538b3e4c..448001d14 100644
--- a/benchmarks/Tokenizers/WordBench.php
+++ b/benchmarks/Tokenizers/WordBench.php
@@ -10,12 +10,9 @@
  */
 class WordBench
 {
-    protected const SAMPLE_TEXT = "Do you see any Teletubbies in here? Do you see a slender plastic tag clipped to my shirt with my name printed on it? Do you see a little Asian child with a blank expression on his face sitting outside on a mechanical helicopter that shakes when you put quarters in it? No? Well, that's what you see at a toy store. And you must think you're in a toy store, because you're here shopping for an infant named Jeb.";
+    protected const string SAMPLE_TEXT = "Do you see any Teletubbies in here? Do you see a slender plastic tag clipped to my shirt with my name printed on it? Do you see a little Asian child with a blank expression on his face sitting outside on a mechanical helicopter that shakes when you put quarters in it? No? Well, that's what you see at a toy store. And you must think you're in a toy store, because you're here shopping for an infant named Jeb.";
 
-    /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Tokenizers\Word;
-     */
-    protected $tokenizer;
+    protected Word $tokenizer;
 
     public function setUp() : void
     {
diff --git a/benchmarks/Tokenizers/WordStemmerBench.php b/benchmarks/Tokenizers/WordStemmerBench.php
index 9c459790e..c6c16aa85 100644
--- a/benchmarks/Tokenizers/WordStemmerBench.php
+++ b/benchmarks/Tokenizers/WordStemmerBench.php
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 namespace Rubix\ML\Benchmarks\Tokenizers;
 
+use Rubix\ML\Tokenizers\Word;
 use Rubix\ML\Tokenizers\WordStemmer;
 
 /**
@@ -10,12 +11,9 @@
  */
 class WordStemmerBench
 {
-    protected const SAMPLE_TEXT = "Do you see any Teletubbies in here? Do you see a slender plastic tag clipped to my shirt with my name printed on it? Do you see a little Asian child with a blank expression on his face sitting outside on a mechanical helicopter that shakes when you put quarters in it? No? Well, that's what you see at a toy store. And you must think you're in a toy store, because you're here shopping for an infant named Jeb.";
+    protected const string SAMPLE_TEXT = "Do you see any Teletubbies in here? Do you see a slender plastic tag clipped to my shirt with my name printed on it? Do you see a little Asian child with a blank expression on his face sitting outside on a mechanical helicopter that shakes when you put quarters in it? No? Well, that's what you see at a toy store. And you must think you're in a toy store, because you're here shopping for an infant named Jeb.";
 
-    /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Tokenizers\Word;
-     */
-    protected $tokenizer;
+    protected Word $tokenizer;
 
     public function setUp() : void
     {
diff --git a/benchmarks/Transformers/TSNEBench.php b/benchmarks/Transformers/TSNEBench.php
index d17ce1226..1eea75663 100644
--- a/benchmarks/Transformers/TSNEBench.php
+++ b/benchmarks/Transformers/TSNEBench.php
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ class TSNEBench
     protected const TESTING_SIZE = 1000;
 
     /**
-     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled;
+     * @var \Rubix\ML\Datasets\Labeled
      */
     protected $testing;
 
diff --git a/phpstan-baseline.neon b/phpstan-baseline.neon
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..78c918400
--- /dev/null
+++ b/phpstan-baseline.neon
@@ -0,0 +1,1627 @@
+parameters:
+	ignoreErrors:
+		-
+			message: '#^Method Rubix\\ML\\BootstrapAggregator\:\:params\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
+			identifier: missingType.iterableValue
+			count: 1
+			path: src/BootstrapAggregator.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^Method Rubix\\ML\\BootstrapAggregator\:\:predict\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
+			identifier: missingType.iterableValue
+			count: 1
+			path: src/BootstrapAggregator.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^Method Rubix\\ML\\Classifiers\\AdaBoost\:\:losses\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
+			identifier: missingType.iterableValue
+			count: 1
+			path: src/Classifiers/AdaBoost.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^Method Rubix\\ML\\Classifiers\\AdaBoost\:\:predict\(\) should return list\<string\> but returns list\<int\|string\>\.$#'
+			identifier: return.type
+			count: 1
+			path: src/Classifiers/AdaBoost.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^Method Rubix\\ML\\Classifiers\\AdaBoost\:\:score\(\) should return list\<array\<float\>\> but returns array\<int\<0, max\>, array\<int\|string, float\>\>\.$#'
+			identifier: return.type
+			count: 1
+			path: src/Classifiers/AdaBoost.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^Method Rubix\\ML\\Classifiers\\AdaBoost\:\:steps\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
+			identifier: missingType.iterableValue
+			count: 1
+			path: src/Classifiers/AdaBoost.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^PHPDoc tag @return contains unresolvable type\.$#'
+			identifier: return.unresolvableType
+			count: 1
+			path: src/Classifiers/AdaBoost.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^PHPDoc tag @var for property Rubix\\ML\\Classifiers\\AdaBoost\:\:\$losses contains unresolvable type\.$#'
+			identifier: property.unresolvableType
+			count: 1
+			path: src/Classifiers/AdaBoost.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^PHPDoc tag @var for property Rubix\\ML\\Classifiers\\AdaBoost\:\:\$losses with type mixed is not subtype of native type array\|null\.$#'
+			identifier: property.phpDocType
+			count: 1
+			path: src/Classifiers/AdaBoost.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^Property Rubix\\ML\\Classifiers\\AdaBoost\:\:\$losses type has no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
+			identifier: missingType.iterableValue
+			count: 1
+			path: src/Classifiers/AdaBoost.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^Property Rubix\\ML\\Classifiers\\ClassificationTree\:\:\$classes \(list\<string\>\) does not accept array\<mixed\>\.$#'
+			identifier: assign.propertyType
+			count: 1
+			path: src/Classifiers/ClassificationTree.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^Parameter \#1 \$sample of method Rubix\\ML\\Classifiers\\GaussianNB\:\:jointLogLikelihood\(\) expects list\<float\|int\>, array\<float\|int\> given\.$#'
+			identifier: argument.type
+			count: 2
+			path: src/Classifiers/GaussianNB.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^Method Rubix\\ML\\Classifiers\\KNearestNeighbors\:\:nearest\(\) should return array\{list\<float\|int\|string\>, list\<float\>\} but returns array\{array\<int\<0, max\>, string\>, array\<int\<0, max\>, float\>\}\.$#'
+			identifier: return.type
+			count: 1
+			path: src/Classifiers/KNearestNeighbors.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^Parameter \#2 \$labels of method Rubix\\ML\\CrossValidation\\Metrics\\Metric\:\:score\(\) expects list\<float\|int\|string\>, array\<mixed\> given\.$#'
+			identifier: argument.type
+			count: 1
+			path: src/Classifiers/LogitBoost.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^Instanceof between Rubix\\ML\\NeuralNet\\Layers\\Hidden and Rubix\\ML\\NeuralNet\\Layers\\Hidden will always evaluate to true\.$#'
+			identifier: instanceof.alwaysTrue
+			count: 1
+			path: src/Classifiers/MultilayerPerceptron.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^Parameter \#2 \$labels of method Rubix\\ML\\CrossValidation\\Metrics\\Metric\:\:score\(\) expects list\<float\|int\|string\>, array\<mixed\> given\.$#'
+			identifier: argument.type
+			count: 1
+			path: src/Classifiers/MultilayerPerceptron.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^Method Rubix\\ML\\Classifiers\\NaiveBayes\:\:counts\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
+			identifier: missingType.iterableValue
+			count: 1
+			path: src/Classifiers/NaiveBayes.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^PHPDoc tag @return has invalid value \(array\<list\<array\<int\<0,max\>\>\>\>\>\|null\)\: Unexpected token "\>", expected TOKEN_HORIZONTAL_WS at offset 121 on line 4$#'
+			identifier: phpDoc.parseError
+			count: 1
+			path: src/Classifiers/NaiveBayes.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^Property Rubix\\ML\\Classifiers\\NaiveBayes\:\:\$counts \(array\<string, list\<array\<int\<0, max\>\>\>\>\) does not accept non\-empty\-array\<array\<array\<int\<0, max\>\>\>\>\.$#'
+			identifier: assign.propertyType
+			count: 1
+			path: src/Classifiers/NaiveBayes.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^Property Rubix\\ML\\Classifiers\\NaiveBayes\:\:\$probs \(array\<string, list\<array\<float\>\>\>\) does not accept non\-empty\-array\<array\<array\<float\>\>\>\.$#'
+			identifier: assign.propertyType
+			count: 1
+			path: src/Classifiers/NaiveBayes.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^Method Rubix\\ML\\Classifiers\\RandomForest\:\:proba\(\) should return list\<array\<string, float\>\> but returns array\<int, non\-empty\-array\<float\>\>\.$#'
+			identifier: return.type
+			count: 1
+			path: src/Classifiers/RandomForest.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^PHPDoc tag @var with type array\<string, int\> is not subtype of native type array\<int\<1, max\>\>\.$#'
+			identifier: varTag.nativeType
+			count: 1
+			path: src/Classifiers/RandomForest.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^Parameter \#1 \.\.\.\$arg1 of function min expects non\-empty\-array, array\<int\<1, max\>\> given\.$#'
+			identifier: argument.type
+			count: 1
+			path: src/Classifiers/RandomForest.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^Property Rubix\\ML\\Classifiers\\RandomForest\:\:\$trees \(list\<Rubix\\ML\\Classifiers\\ClassificationTree\|Rubix\\ML\\Classifiers\\ExtraTreeClassifier\>\|null\) does not accept array\<mixed\>\.$#'
+			identifier: assign.propertyType
+			count: 1
+			path: src/Classifiers/RandomForest.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^Method Rubix\\ML\\Clusterers\\DBSCAN\:\:predict\(\) should return list\<int\> but returns array\<int, int\<\-1, max\>\>\.$#'
+			identifier: return.type
+			count: 1
+			path: src/Clusterers/DBSCAN.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^Parameter \#1 \$sample of method Rubix\\ML\\Clusterers\\FuzzyCMeans\:\:probaSample\(\) expects list\<float\|int\>, array\<float\|int\> given\.$#'
+			identifier: argument.type
+			count: 1
+			path: src/Clusterers/FuzzyCMeans.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^Parameter \#2 \$memberships of method Rubix\\ML\\Clusterers\\FuzzyCMeans\:\:inertia\(\) expects list\<list\<float\>\>, list\<array\<int, float\>\> given\.$#'
+			identifier: argument.type
+			count: 1
+			path: src/Clusterers/FuzzyCMeans.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^Parameter \#1 \$sample of method Rubix\\ML\\Clusterers\\GaussianMixture\:\:jointLogLikelihood\(\) expects list\<float\|int\>, array\<float\|int\> given\.$#'
+			identifier: argument.type
+			count: 1
+			path: src/Clusterers/GaussianMixture.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^Property Rubix\\ML\\Clusterers\\GaussianMixture\:\:\$means \(list\<list\<float\>\>\) does not accept non\-empty\-array\<int\<\-1, max\>, list\<float\>\>\.$#'
+			identifier: assign.propertyType
+			count: 1
+			path: src/Clusterers/GaussianMixture.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^Property Rubix\\ML\\Clusterers\\GaussianMixture\:\:\$means \(list\<list\<float\>\>\) does not accept non\-empty\-array\<int\<0, max\>, list\<float\>\>\.$#'
+			identifier: assign.propertyType
+			count: 1
+			path: src/Clusterers/GaussianMixture.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^Property Rubix\\ML\\Clusterers\\GaussianMixture\:\:\$variances \(list\<list\<float\>\>\) does not accept non\-empty\-array\<int\<\-1, max\>, list\<float\>\>\.$#'
+			identifier: assign.propertyType
+			count: 1
+			path: src/Clusterers/GaussianMixture.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^Property Rubix\\ML\\Clusterers\\GaussianMixture\:\:\$variances \(list\<list\<float\>\>\) does not accept non\-empty\-array\<int\<0, max\>, list\<float\>\>\.$#'
+			identifier: assign.propertyType
+			count: 1
+			path: src/Clusterers/GaussianMixture.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^Parameter \#2 \$labels of method Rubix\\ML\\Clusterers\\KMeans\:\:inertia\(\) expects list\<int\>, array given\.$#'
+			identifier: argument.type
+			count: 1
+			path: src/Clusterers/KMeans.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^Parameter \#1 \$current of method Rubix\\ML\\Clusterers\\MeanShift\:\:shift\(\) expects list\<array\<float\|int\>\>, array\<int\<0, max\>, list\<float\|int\>\> given\.$#'
+			identifier: argument.type
+			count: 1
+			path: src/Clusterers/MeanShift.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^Parameter \#2 \$b of method Rubix\\ML\\Kernels\\Distance\\Distance\:\:compute\(\) expects list\<float\|int\|string\>, array\<float\|int\> given\.$#'
+			identifier: argument.type
+			count: 2
+			path: src/Clusterers/MeanShift.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^Parameter \#2 \$previous of method Rubix\\ML\\Clusterers\\MeanShift\:\:shift\(\) expects list\<array\<float\|int\>\>, array\<int\<0, max\>, list\<float\|int\>\> given\.$#'
+			identifier: argument.type
+			count: 1
+			path: src/Clusterers/MeanShift.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^Property Rubix\\ML\\Clusterers\\Seeders\\Preset\:\:\$centroids \(list\<list\<float\|int\|string\>\>\) does not accept non\-empty\-list\<array\<float\|int\|string\>\>\.$#'
+			identifier: assign.propertyType
+			count: 1
+			path: src/Clusterers/Seeders/Preset.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^Instanceof between Rubix\\ML\\Learner and Rubix\\ML\\Learner will always evaluate to true\.$#'
+			identifier: instanceof.alwaysTrue
+			count: 1
+			path: src/CommitteeMachine.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^Property Rubix\\ML\\CommitteeMachine\:\:\$experts \(list\<Rubix\\ML\\Learner\>\) does not accept array\<mixed\>\.$#'
+			identifier: assign.propertyType
+			count: 1
+			path: src/CommitteeMachine.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^Parameter \#2 \$labels of method Rubix\\ML\\CrossValidation\\Metrics\\Metric\:\:score\(\) expects list\<float\|int\|string\>, array\<mixed\> given\.$#'
+			identifier: argument.type
+			count: 1
+			path: src/CrossValidation/HoldOut.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^PHPDoc tag @return has invalid value \(\\Rubix\\ML\\Tuple\{float,float\}\)\: Unexpected token "\{", expected TOKEN_HORIZONTAL_WS at offset 112 on line 4$#'
+			identifier: phpDoc.parseError
+			count: 1
+			path: src/CrossValidation/Metrics/Accuracy.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^PHPDoc tag @return has invalid value \(\\Rubix\\ML\\Tuple\{float,float\}\)\: Unexpected token "\{", expected TOKEN_HORIZONTAL_WS at offset 112 on line 4$#'
+			identifier: phpDoc.parseError
+			count: 1
+			path: src/CrossValidation/Metrics/Completeness.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^PHPDoc tag @return has invalid value \(\\Rubix\\ML\\Tuple\{float,float\}\)\: Unexpected token "\{", expected TOKEN_HORIZONTAL_WS at offset 112 on line 4$#'
+			identifier: phpDoc.parseError
+			count: 1
+			path: src/CrossValidation/Metrics/FBeta.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^PHPDoc tag @return has invalid value \(\\Rubix\\ML\\Tuple\{float,float\}\)\: Unexpected token "\{", expected TOKEN_HORIZONTAL_WS at offset 112 on line 4$#'
+			identifier: phpDoc.parseError
+			count: 1
+			path: src/CrossValidation/Metrics/Homogeneity.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^PHPDoc tag @return has invalid value \(\\Rubix\\ML\\Tuple\{float,float\}\)\: Unexpected token "\{", expected TOKEN_HORIZONTAL_WS at offset 112 on line 4$#'
+			identifier: phpDoc.parseError
+			count: 1
+			path: src/CrossValidation/Metrics/Informedness.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^PHPDoc tag @return has invalid value \(\\Rubix\\ML\\Tuple\{float,float\}\)\: Unexpected token "\{", expected TOKEN_HORIZONTAL_WS at offset 112 on line 4$#'
+			identifier: phpDoc.parseError
+			count: 1
+			path: src/CrossValidation/Metrics/MCC.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^PHPDoc tag @return has invalid value \(\\Rubix\\ML\\Tuple\{float,float\}\)\: Unexpected token "\{", expected TOKEN_HORIZONTAL_WS at offset 112 on line 4$#'
+			identifier: phpDoc.parseError
+			count: 1
+			path: src/CrossValidation/Metrics/MeanAbsoluteError.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^PHPDoc tag @return has invalid value \(\\Rubix\\ML\\Tuple\{float,float\}\)\: Unexpected token "\{", expected TOKEN_HORIZONTAL_WS at offset 112 on line 4$#'
+			identifier: phpDoc.parseError
+			count: 1
+			path: src/CrossValidation/Metrics/MeanSquaredError.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^PHPDoc tag @return has invalid value \(\\Rubix\\ML\\Tuple\{float,float\}\)\: Unexpected token "\{", expected TOKEN_HORIZONTAL_WS at offset 112 on line 4$#'
+			identifier: phpDoc.parseError
+			count: 1
+			path: src/CrossValidation/Metrics/MedianAbsoluteError.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^PHPDoc tag @return has invalid value \(\\Rubix\\ML\\Tuple\{float,float\}\)\: Unexpected token "\{", expected TOKEN_HORIZONTAL_WS at offset 105 on line 4$#'
+			identifier: phpDoc.parseError
+			count: 1
+			path: src/CrossValidation/Metrics/Metric.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^PHPDoc tag @return has invalid value \(\\Rubix\\ML\\Tuple\{float,float\}\)\: Unexpected token "\{", expected TOKEN_HORIZONTAL_WS at offset 105 on line 4$#'
+			identifier: phpDoc.parseError
+			count: 1
+			path: src/CrossValidation/Metrics/ProbabilisticMetric.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^Parameter \#1 \$predictions of method Rubix\\ML\\CrossValidation\\Metrics\\MeanSquaredError\:\:score\(\) expects list\<float\|int\>, array\<float\|int\> given\.$#'
+			identifier: argument.type
+			count: 1
+			path: src/CrossValidation/Metrics/RMSE.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^Parameter \#2 \$labels of method Rubix\\ML\\CrossValidation\\Metrics\\MeanSquaredError\:\:score\(\) expects list\<float\|int\>, array\<float\|int\> given\.$#'
+			identifier: argument.type
+			count: 1
+			path: src/CrossValidation/Metrics/RMSE.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^PHPDoc tag @return has invalid value \(\\Rubix\\ML\\Tuple\{float,float\}\)\: Unexpected token "\{", expected TOKEN_HORIZONTAL_WS at offset 112 on line 4$#'
+			identifier: phpDoc.parseError
+			count: 1
+			path: src/CrossValidation/Metrics/RSquared.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^PHPDoc tag @return has invalid value \(\\Rubix\\ML\\Tuple\{float,float\}\)\: Unexpected token "\{", expected TOKEN_HORIZONTAL_WS at offset 112 on line 4$#'
+			identifier: phpDoc.parseError
+			count: 1
+			path: src/CrossValidation/Metrics/RandIndex.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^PHPDoc tag @return has invalid value \(\\Rubix\\ML\\Tuple\{float,float\}\)\: Unexpected token "\{", expected TOKEN_HORIZONTAL_WS at offset 112 on line 4$#'
+			identifier: phpDoc.parseError
+			count: 1
+			path: src/CrossValidation/Metrics/SMAPE.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^PHPDoc tag @return has invalid value \(\\Rubix\\ML\\Tuple\{float,float\}\)\: Unexpected token "\{", expected TOKEN_HORIZONTAL_WS at offset 112 on line 4$#'
+			identifier: phpDoc.parseError
+			count: 1
+			path: src/CrossValidation/Metrics/VMeasure.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^Instanceof between Rubix\\ML\\CrossValidation\\Reports\\ReportGenerator and Rubix\\ML\\CrossValidation\\Reports\\ReportGenerator will always evaluate to true\.$#'
+			identifier: instanceof.alwaysTrue
+			count: 1
+			path: src/CrossValidation/Reports/AggregateReport.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^Method Rubix\\ML\\CrossValidation\\Reports\\AggregateReport\:\:compatibility\(\) should return list\<Rubix\\ML\\EstimatorType\> but returns array\<Rubix\\ML\\EstimatorType\>\.$#'
+			identifier: return.type
+			count: 1
+			path: src/CrossValidation/Reports/AggregateReport.php
+
+		-
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+			path: tests/CrossValidation/Metrics/VMeasureTest.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^Call to method PHPUnit\\Framework\\Assert\:\:assertInstanceOf\(\) with ''Rubix\\\\ML\\\\Report'' and Rubix\\ML\\Report will always evaluate to true\.$#'
+			identifier: method.alreadyNarrowedType
+			count: 1
+			path: tests/CrossValidation/Reports/AggregateReportTest.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^Call to method PHPUnit\\Framework\\Assert\:\:assertInstanceOf\(\) with ''Rubix\\\\ML\\\\Report'' and Rubix\\ML\\Report will always evaluate to true\.$#'
+			identifier: method.alreadyNarrowedType
+			count: 1
+			path: tests/CrossValidation/Reports/ConfusionMatrixTest.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^Method Rubix\\ML\\Tests\\CrossValidation\\Reports\\ConfusionMatrixTest\:\:generateProvider\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
+			identifier: missingType.iterableValue
+			count: 1
+			path: tests/CrossValidation/Reports/ConfusionMatrixTest.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^Method Rubix\\ML\\Tests\\CrossValidation\\Reports\\ConfusionMatrixTest\:\:testGenerate\(\) has parameter \$expected with no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
+			identifier: missingType.iterableValue
+			count: 1
+			path: tests/CrossValidation/Reports/ConfusionMatrixTest.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^Parameter \$labels of method Rubix\\ML\\CrossValidation\\Reports\\ConfusionMatrix\:\:generate\(\) expects list\<int\|string\>, array\<int\|string\> given\.$#'
+			identifier: argument.type
+			count: 1
+			path: tests/CrossValidation/Reports/ConfusionMatrixTest.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^Parameter \$predictions of method Rubix\\ML\\CrossValidation\\Reports\\ConfusionMatrix\:\:generate\(\) expects list\<int\|string\>, array\<int\|string\> given\.$#'
+			identifier: argument.type
+			count: 1
+			path: tests/CrossValidation/Reports/ConfusionMatrixTest.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^Call to method PHPUnit\\Framework\\Assert\:\:assertInstanceOf\(\) with ''Rubix\\\\ML\\\\Report'' and Rubix\\ML\\Report will always evaluate to true\.$#'
+			identifier: method.alreadyNarrowedType
+			count: 1
+			path: tests/CrossValidation/Reports/ContingencyTableTest.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^Method Rubix\\ML\\Tests\\CrossValidation\\Reports\\ContingencyTableTest\:\:generateProvider\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
+			identifier: missingType.iterableValue
+			count: 1
+			path: tests/CrossValidation/Reports/ContingencyTableTest.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^Method Rubix\\ML\\Tests\\CrossValidation\\Reports\\ContingencyTableTest\:\:testGenerate\(\) has parameter \$expected with no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
+			identifier: missingType.iterableValue
+			count: 1
+			path: tests/CrossValidation/Reports/ContingencyTableTest.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^Parameter \$labels of method Rubix\\ML\\CrossValidation\\Reports\\ContingencyTable\:\:generate\(\) expects list\<int\|string\>, array\<int\|string\> given\.$#'
+			identifier: argument.type
+			count: 1
+			path: tests/CrossValidation/Reports/ContingencyTableTest.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^Parameter \$predictions of method Rubix\\ML\\CrossValidation\\Reports\\ContingencyTable\:\:generate\(\) expects list\<int\|string\>, array\<int\|string\> given\.$#'
+			identifier: argument.type
+			count: 1
+			path: tests/CrossValidation/Reports/ContingencyTableTest.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^Call to method PHPUnit\\Framework\\Assert\:\:assertInstanceOf\(\) with ''Rubix\\\\ML\\\\Report'' and Rubix\\ML\\Report will always evaluate to true\.$#'
+			identifier: method.alreadyNarrowedType
+			count: 1
+			path: tests/CrossValidation/Reports/ErrorAnalysisTest.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^Method Rubix\\ML\\Tests\\CrossValidation\\Reports\\ErrorAnalysisTest\:\:generateProvider\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
+			identifier: missingType.iterableValue
+			count: 1
+			path: tests/CrossValidation/Reports/ErrorAnalysisTest.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^Parameter \$labels of method Rubix\\ML\\CrossValidation\\Reports\\ErrorAnalysis\:\:generate\(\) expects list\<float\|int\>, array\<float\|int\> given\.$#'
+			identifier: argument.type
+			count: 1
+			path: tests/CrossValidation/Reports/ErrorAnalysisTest.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^Parameter \$predictions of method Rubix\\ML\\CrossValidation\\Reports\\ErrorAnalysis\:\:generate\(\) expects list\<float\|int\>, array\<float\|int\> given\.$#'
+			identifier: argument.type
+			count: 1
+			path: tests/CrossValidation/Reports/ErrorAnalysisTest.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^Call to method PHPUnit\\Framework\\Assert\:\:assertInstanceOf\(\) with ''Rubix\\\\ML\\\\Report'' and Rubix\\ML\\Report will always evaluate to true\.$#'
+			identifier: method.alreadyNarrowedType
+			count: 1
+			path: tests/CrossValidation/Reports/MulticlassBreakdownTest.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^Method Rubix\\ML\\Tests\\CrossValidation\\Reports\\MulticlassBreakdownTest\:\:generateProvider\(\) return type has no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
+			identifier: missingType.iterableValue
+			count: 1
+			path: tests/CrossValidation/Reports/MulticlassBreakdownTest.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^Method Rubix\\ML\\Tests\\CrossValidation\\Reports\\MulticlassBreakdownTest\:\:testGenerate\(\) has parameter \$expected with no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
+			identifier: missingType.iterableValue
+			count: 1
+			path: tests/CrossValidation/Reports/MulticlassBreakdownTest.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^Parameter \$labels of method Rubix\\ML\\CrossValidation\\Reports\\MulticlassBreakdown\:\:generate\(\) expects list\<int\|string\>, array\<int\|string\> given\.$#'
+			identifier: argument.type
+			count: 1
+			path: tests/CrossValidation/Reports/MulticlassBreakdownTest.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^Parameter \$predictions of method Rubix\\ML\\CrossValidation\\Reports\\MulticlassBreakdown\:\:generate\(\) expects list\<int\|string\>, array\<int\|string\> given\.$#'
+			identifier: argument.type
+			count: 1
+			path: tests/CrossValidation/Reports/MulticlassBreakdownTest.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^Call to method PHPUnit\\Framework\\Assert\:\:assertInstanceOf\(\) with ''Rubix\\\\ML\\\\Datasets\\\\Dataset'' and Rubix\\ML\\Datasets\\Labeled will always evaluate to true\.$#'
+			identifier: method.alreadyNarrowedType
+			count: 1
+			path: tests/Datasets/Generators/AgglomerateTest.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^Call to method PHPUnit\\Framework\\Assert\:\:assertInstanceOf\(\) with ''Rubix\\\\ML\\\\Datasets\\\\Labeled'' and Rubix\\ML\\Datasets\\Labeled will always evaluate to true\.$#'
+			identifier: method.alreadyNarrowedType
+			count: 1
+			path: tests/Datasets/Generators/AgglomerateTest.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^Call to method PHPUnit\\Framework\\Assert\:\:assertInstanceOf\(\) with ''Rubix\\\\ML\\\\Datasets\\\\Dataset'' and Rubix\\ML\\Datasets\\Unlabeled will always evaluate to true\.$#'
+			identifier: method.alreadyNarrowedType
+			count: 1
+			path: tests/Datasets/Generators/BlobTest.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^Call to method PHPUnit\\Framework\\Assert\:\:assertInstanceOf\(\) with ''Rubix\\\\ML\\\\Datasets\\\\Generators\\\\Blob'' and Rubix\\ML\\Datasets\\Generators\\Blob will always evaluate to true\.$#'
+			identifier: method.alreadyNarrowedType
+			count: 1
+			path: tests/Datasets/Generators/BlobTest.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^Call to method PHPUnit\\Framework\\Assert\:\:assertInstanceOf\(\) with ''Rubix\\\\ML\\\\Datasets\\\\Generators\\\\Generator'' and Rubix\\ML\\Datasets\\Generators\\Blob will always evaluate to true\.$#'
+			identifier: method.alreadyNarrowedType
+			count: 1
+			path: tests/Datasets/Generators/BlobTest.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^Call to method PHPUnit\\Framework\\Assert\:\:assertInstanceOf\(\) with ''Rubix\\\\ML\\\\Datasets\\\\Unlabeled'' and Rubix\\ML\\Datasets\\Unlabeled will always evaluate to true\.$#'
+			identifier: method.alreadyNarrowedType
+			count: 1
+			path: tests/Datasets/Generators/BlobTest.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^Call to method PHPUnit\\Framework\\Assert\:\:assertInstanceOf\(\) with ''Rubix\\\\ML\\\\Datasets\\\\Dataset'' and Rubix\\ML\\Datasets\\Labeled will always evaluate to true\.$#'
+			identifier: method.alreadyNarrowedType
+			count: 1
+			path: tests/Datasets/Generators/CircleTest.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^Call to method PHPUnit\\Framework\\Assert\:\:assertInstanceOf\(\) with ''Rubix\\\\ML\\\\Datasets\\\\Labeled'' and Rubix\\ML\\Datasets\\Labeled will always evaluate to true\.$#'
+			identifier: method.alreadyNarrowedType
+			count: 1
+			path: tests/Datasets/Generators/CircleTest.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^Call to method PHPUnit\\Framework\\Assert\:\:assertInstanceOf\(\) with ''Rubix\\\\ML\\\\Datasets\\\\Dataset'' and Rubix\\ML\\Datasets\\Labeled will always evaluate to true\.$#'
+			identifier: method.alreadyNarrowedType
+			count: 1
+			path: tests/Datasets/Generators/HalfMoonTest.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^Call to method PHPUnit\\Framework\\Assert\:\:assertInstanceOf\(\) with ''Rubix\\\\ML\\\\Datasets\\\\Labeled'' and Rubix\\ML\\Datasets\\Labeled will always evaluate to true\.$#'
+			identifier: method.alreadyNarrowedType
+			count: 1
+			path: tests/Datasets/Generators/HalfMoonTest.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^Call to method PHPUnit\\Framework\\Assert\:\:assertInstanceOf\(\) with ''Rubix\\\\ML\\\\Datasets\\\\Dataset'' and Rubix\\ML\\Datasets\\Labeled will always evaluate to true\.$#'
+			identifier: method.alreadyNarrowedType
+			count: 1
+			path: tests/Datasets/Generators/HyperplaneTest.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^Call to method PHPUnit\\Framework\\Assert\:\:assertInstanceOf\(\) with ''Rubix\\\\ML\\\\Datasets\\\\Labeled'' and Rubix\\ML\\Datasets\\Labeled will always evaluate to true\.$#'
+			identifier: method.alreadyNarrowedType
+			count: 1
+			path: tests/Datasets/Generators/HyperplaneTest.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^Call to method PHPUnit\\Framework\\Assert\:\:assertInstanceOf\(\) with ''Rubix\\\\ML\\\\Datasets\\\\Dataset'' and Rubix\\ML\\Datasets\\Labeled will always evaluate to true\.$#'
+			identifier: method.alreadyNarrowedType
+			count: 1
+			path: tests/Datasets/Generators/SwissRollTest.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^Call to method PHPUnit\\Framework\\Assert\:\:assertInstanceOf\(\) with ''Rubix\\\\ML\\\\Datasets\\\\Labeled'' and Rubix\\ML\\Datasets\\Labeled will always evaluate to true\.$#'
+			identifier: method.alreadyNarrowedType
+			count: 1
+			path: tests/Datasets/Generators/SwissRollTest.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^Call to method PHPUnit\\Framework\\Assert\:\:assertInstanceOf\(\) with ''Rubix\\\\ML\\\\Datasets\\\\Labeled'' and Rubix\\ML\\Datasets\\Labeled will always evaluate to true\.$#'
+			identifier: method.alreadyNarrowedType
+			count: 8
+			path: tests/Datasets/LabeledTest.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^Call to method PHPUnit\\Framework\\Assert\:\:assertInstanceOf\(\) with ''Rubix\\\\ML\\\\Report'' and Rubix\\ML\\Report will always evaluate to true\.$#'
+			identifier: method.alreadyNarrowedType
+			count: 2
+			path: tests/Datasets/LabeledTest.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^Parameter \#1 \$array \(list\<array\<mixed\>\>\) of array_values is already a list, call has no effect\.$#'
+			identifier: arrayValues.list
+			count: 1
+			path: tests/Extractors/NDJSONTest.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^Call to method PHPUnit\\Framework\\Assert\:\:assertInstanceOf\(\) with ''Rubix\\\\ML\\\\Encoding'' and Rubix\\ML\\Encoding will always evaluate to true\.$#'
+			identifier: method.alreadyNarrowedType
+			count: 1
+			path: tests/Helpers/GraphvizTest.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^Method Rubix\\ML\\Tests\\Helpers\\ParamsTest\:\:stringify\(\) has parameter \$params with no value type specified in iterable type array\.$#'
+			identifier: missingType.iterableValue
+			count: 1
+			path: tests/Helpers/ParamsTest.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^Call to method PHPUnit\\Framework\\Assert\:\:assertInstanceOf\(\) with ''Rubix\\\\ML\\\\NeuralNet\\\\Initializers\\\\LegacyConstant'' and Rubix\\ML\\NeuralNet\\Initializers\\LegacyConstant will always evaluate to true\.$#'
+			identifier: method.alreadyNarrowedType
+			count: 1
+			path: tests/NeuralNet/Initializers/LegacyConstantTest.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^Call to method PHPUnit\\Framework\\Assert\:\:assertInstanceOf\(\) with ''Rubix\\\\ML\\\\NeuralNet\\\\Initializers\\\\LegacyInitializer'' and Rubix\\ML\\NeuralNet\\Initializers\\LegacyConstant will always evaluate to true\.$#'
+			identifier: method.alreadyNarrowedType
+			count: 1
+			path: tests/NeuralNet/Initializers/LegacyConstantTest.php
+
+		-
+			message: '#^Call to method PHPUnit\\Framework\\Assert\:\:assertInstanceOf\(\) with ''Tensor\\\\Matrix'' and Tensor\\Matrix will always evaluate to true\.$#'
+			identifier: method.alreadyNarrowedType
+			count: 1
+			path: tests/NeuralNet/Initializers/LegacyConstantTest.php
diff --git a/phpstan.neon b/phpstan.neon
index 4d1ae5782..72e6086ac 100644
--- a/phpstan.neon
+++ b/phpstan.neon
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+includes:
+    - phpstan-baseline.neon
 parameters:
     level: 8
     paths:
@@ -7,3 +9,4 @@ parameters:
     excludePaths:
         - src/Backends/Amp.php
         - src/Backends/Swoole.php
+        - tests/Backends/SwooleTest.php
diff --git a/src/AnomalyDetectors/GaussianMLE.php b/src/AnomalyDetectors/GaussianMLE.php
index 560a2963d..1c221dc6a 100644
--- a/src/AnomalyDetectors/GaussianMLE.php
+++ b/src/AnomalyDetectors/GaussianMLE.php
@@ -208,9 +208,11 @@ public function train(Dataset $dataset) : void
             $this->variances[$column] = $variance;
         }
 
-        $epsilon = max($this->smoothing * max($this->variances), CPU::epsilon());
+        /** @var non-empty-array<float> $variances */
+        $variances = $this->variances;
+        $epsilon = max($this->smoothing * max($variances), CPU::epsilon());
 
-        foreach ($this->variances as &$variance) {
+        foreach ($variances as &$variance) {
             $variance += $epsilon;
         }
 
diff --git a/src/AnomalyDetectors/Loda.php b/src/AnomalyDetectors/Loda.php
index 0500624f6..c8fdbf2bf 100644
--- a/src/AnomalyDetectors/Loda.php
+++ b/src/AnomalyDetectors/Loda.php
@@ -239,6 +239,7 @@ public function train(Dataset $dataset) : void
             ->asArray();
 
         foreach ($projections as $values) {
+            /** @var non-empty-array<float|int> $values */
             $min = (float) min($values);
             $max = (float) max($values);
 
@@ -327,7 +328,7 @@ public function partial(Dataset $dataset) : void
      * Make predictions from a dataset.
      *
      * @param Dataset $dataset
-     * @return list<int>
+     * @return array<float>
      */
     public function predict(Dataset $dataset) : array
     {
@@ -339,7 +340,7 @@ public function predict(Dataset $dataset) : array
      *
      * @param Dataset $dataset
      * @throws RuntimeException
-     * @return list<float>
+     * @return array<float>
      */
     public function score(Dataset $dataset) : array
     {
@@ -362,7 +363,7 @@ public function score(Dataset $dataset) : array
      * created during training.
      *
      * @param list<list<float>> $projections
-     * @return list<float>
+     * @return array<float>
      */
     protected function densities(array $projections) : array
     {
diff --git a/src/AnomalyDetectors/RobustZScore.php b/src/AnomalyDetectors/RobustZScore.php
index ff689aecb..a6baff2b2 100644
--- a/src/AnomalyDetectors/RobustZScore.php
+++ b/src/AnomalyDetectors/RobustZScore.php
@@ -49,29 +49,21 @@ class RobustZScore implements Estimator, Learner, Scoring, Persistable
 
     /**
      * The expected value of the MAD as n asymptotes.
-     *
-     * @var float
      */
-    protected const ETA = 0.6745;
+    protected const float ETA = 0.6745;
 
     /**
      * The minimum z score to be flagged as an anomaly.
-     *
-     * @var float
      */
     protected float $threshold;
 
     /**
      * The weight of the maximum per sample z score in the overall anomaly score.
-     *
-     * @var float
      */
     protected float $beta;
 
     /**
      * The amount of epsilon smoothing added to the median absolute deviation (MAD) of each feature.
-     *
-     * @var float
      */
     protected float $smoothing;
 
@@ -214,9 +206,11 @@ public function train(Dataset $dataset) : void
             $this->mads[$column] = $mad;
         }
 
-        $epsilon = max($this->smoothing * max($this->mads), CPU::epsilon());
+        /** @var non-empty-array<float> $mads */
+        $mads = $this->mads;
+        $epsilon = max($this->smoothing * max($mads), CPU::epsilon());
 
-        foreach ($this->mads as &$mad) {
+        foreach ($mads as &$mad) {
             $mad += $epsilon;
         }
     }
@@ -286,10 +280,9 @@ protected function zHat(array $sample) : float
             );
         }
 
-        $zHat = (1.0 - $this->beta) * Stats::mean($scores)
+        /** @var non-empty-array<float> $scores */
+        return (1.0 - $this->beta) * Stats::mean($scores)
             + $this->beta * max($scores);
-
-        return $zHat;
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/src/Backends/Tasks/TrainAndValidate.php b/src/Backends/Tasks/TrainAndValidate.php
index c51cc9007..70837dd8b 100644
--- a/src/Backends/Tasks/TrainAndValidate.php
+++ b/src/Backends/Tasks/TrainAndValidate.php
@@ -40,9 +40,12 @@ public static function score(
 
         $predictions = $estimator->predict($testing);
 
-        $score = $metric->score($predictions, $testing->labels());
-
-        return $score;
+        /** @var list<float|int|string> $labels */
+        $labels = $testing->labels();
+        return $metric->score(
+            predictions: $predictions,
+            labels: $labels
+        );
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/src/BootstrapAggregator.php b/src/BootstrapAggregator.php
index 59a3f7d47..7878326b8 100644
--- a/src/BootstrapAggregator.php
+++ b/src/BootstrapAggregator.php
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ class BootstrapAggregator implements Estimator, Learner, Parallel, Persistable
      *
      * @var list<int>
      */
-    protected const COMPATIBLE_ESTIMATOR_TYPES = [
+    protected const array COMPATIBLE_ESTIMATOR_TYPES = [
         EstimatorType::CLASSIFIER,
         EstimatorType::REGRESSOR,
         EstimatorType::ANOMALY_DETECTOR,
@@ -54,29 +54,21 @@ class BootstrapAggregator implements Estimator, Learner, Parallel, Persistable
 
     /**
      * The minimum size of each training subset.
-     *
-     * @var int
      */
-    protected const MIN_SUBSAMPLE = 1;
+    protected const int MIN_SUBSAMPLE = 1;
 
     /**
      * The base learner.
-     *
-     * @var Learner
      */
     protected Learner $base;
 
     /**
      * The number of base learners to train in the ensemble.
-     *
-     * @var int
      */
     protected int $estimators;
 
     /**
      * The ratio of samples from the training set to randomly subsample to train each base learner.
-     *
-     * @var float
      */
     protected float $ratio;
 
@@ -148,7 +140,7 @@ public function compatibility() : array
      *
      * @internal
      *
-     * @return mixed[]
+     * @return array
      */
     public function params() : array
     {
@@ -207,7 +199,9 @@ public function train(Dataset $dataset) : void
             $this->backend->enqueue($task);
         }
 
-        $this->ensemble = $this->backend->process();
+        /** @var list<Learner> $process */
+        $process = $this->backend->process();
+        $this->ensemble = $process;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -215,7 +209,7 @@ public function train(Dataset $dataset) : void
      *
      * @param Dataset $dataset
      * @throws RuntimeException
-     * @return mixed[]
+     * @return array
      */
     public function predict(Dataset $dataset) : array
     {
@@ -251,7 +245,7 @@ public function predict(Dataset $dataset) : array
      */
     protected function decideDiscrete(array $votes) : string
     {
-        /** @var array<string,int> $counts */
+        /** @var array<string,int<1, max>> $counts */
         $counts = array_count_values($votes);
 
         return argmax($counts);
diff --git a/src/Classifiers/AdaBoost.php b/src/Classifiers/AdaBoost.php
index 978c4e047..1bae4d7de 100644
--- a/src/Classifiers/AdaBoost.php
+++ b/src/Classifiers/AdaBoost.php
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ class AdaBoost implements Estimator, Learner, Probabilistic, Verbose, Persistabl
     /**
      * The loss at each epoch from the last training session.
      *
-     * @var list<float>]|null
+     * @var list<float,int>|null
      */
     protected ?array $losses = null;
 
@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ public function trained() : bool
     /**
      * Return an iterable progress table with the steps from the last training session.
      *
-     * @return Generator<mixed[]>
+     * @return Generator<array>
      */
     public function steps() : Generator
     {
@@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ public function steps() : Generator
     /**
      * Return the loss at each epoch of the last training session.
      *
-     * @return float[]|null
+     * @return list<float,int>|null
      */
     public function losses() : ?array
     {
@@ -337,9 +337,7 @@ public function train(Dataset $dataset) : void
             }
 
             if (is_nan($loss)) {
-                if ($this->logger) {
-                    $this->logger->warning('Numerical instability detected');
-                }
+                $this->logger?->warning('Numerical instability detected');
 
                 break;
             }
diff --git a/src/CrossValidation/Metrics/Metric.php b/src/CrossValidation/Metrics/Metric.php
index fe962242a..dc2cb39ac 100644
--- a/src/CrossValidation/Metrics/Metric.php
+++ b/src/CrossValidation/Metrics/Metric.php
@@ -12,16 +12,16 @@ interface Metric extends Stringable
      *
      * @return \Rubix\ML\Tuple{float,float}
      */
-    public function range() : Tuple;
+    public function range(): Tuple;
 
     /**
      * The estimator types that this metric is compatible with.
      *
+     * @return list<\Rubix\ML\EstimatorType>
      * @internal
      *
-     * @return list<\Rubix\ML\EstimatorType>
      */
-    public function compatibility() : array;
+    public function compatibility(): array;
 
     /**
      * Score a set of predictions and their ground-truth labels.
@@ -30,5 +30,5 @@ public function compatibility() : array;
      * @param list<string|int|float> $labels
      * @return float
      */
-    public function score(array $predictions, array $labels) : float;
+    public function score(array $predictions, array $labels): float;
 }
diff --git a/tests/AnomalyDetectors/GaussianMLETest.php b/tests/AnomalyDetectors/GaussianMLETest.php
index 8d3459080..57e922a4d 100644
--- a/tests/AnomalyDetectors/GaussianMLETest.php
+++ b/tests/AnomalyDetectors/GaussianMLETest.php
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ public function testTrainIncompatible() : void
     {
         $this->expectException(InvalidArgumentException::class);
 
-        $this->estimator->train(Unlabeled::quick([['bad']]));
+        $this->estimator->train(Unlabeled::quick(samples: [['bad']]));
     }
 
     public function testPredictUntrained() : void