refactor(alsa): optimize period configuration and audio callback performance (#1013)

* refactor(alsa): optimize period configuration and audio callback performance

Implement device-aware period configuration strategy:
- Query device limits to determine optimal approach
- Prefer double buffering when buffer fits within device period size limits
- Use multi-period configuration for larger buffers with calculated period distribution
- Fallback to buffer-size-only configuration for maximum device compatibility

Performance optimizations:
- Pre-allocate worker thread buffers and silence templates
- Cache period_frames and period_samples in StreamInner for hot path performance
- Pre-fill descriptors array once instead of reallocating on each poll

* docs: clarify FrameCount and improve BufferSize documentation
* feat(alsa): enable support for U24 sample format
* refactor: rename to clippy::too_many_arguments

Co-authored-by: Alexandre Bique <[email protected]>

Author: roderickvd

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 - Add `Sample::bits_per_sample` method.
 - Update `audio_thread_priority` to 0.34.
-- ALSA: Fix `BufferSize::Fixed` by selecting the nearest supported frame count.
+- ALSA: Improve `BufferSize::Fixed` latency precision and audio callback performance.
 - ALSA: Change `BufferSize::Default` to use the device defaults.
 - ALSA: Change card enumeration to work like `aplay -L` does.
 - ALSA: Add `I24` and `U24` sample format support (24-bit samples stored in 4 bytes).