CLessons

Repo dili İnglizce - Türkçe karışıktır.

Notlar ders zamanlamasıyla birebir gitmiyor dolasıyla bazı dosyalardaki konular ileri dosyalardaki pratikler üzerine inşa edilmiş olabilir.

C Language

• C language characteristics
• C Standarts
• C program
• compiler - derleyici
• tokenizing(atomlarina ayirmak)
• number systems - sayı sistemleri
• characters
• header files
• seperate compilation model
• external reference

Basic Types

• basic types of C language
• declaration(bildirim) and definition(tanimlama)
• storage duration
• scope (kapsam - faaliyet alani)
• naming - naming conventions

Functions

• function definition syntax
• return statement
• function call
• test functions (query, predicate)
• <ctype.h> module
• function prototype(s) | function declaration
• function wrappers
• variadic functions

Input Output

• standart C library
• call(pass) by value, call(pass) by reference
• constants (sabitler)
• Input & Output Operations

Operators

• operator priority, precedence (operatör önceliği)
• operator associativity (öncelik yönü)
• arithmetic operators
• side effect (yan etki)
• maximal munch (en uzun atom)
• comparison operators
• logical operators
• short circuit behaviour (kısa devre davranışı)
• assignment operators
• sequence point (yan etki noktası)
• comma operator (virgül operatörü)
• ternary operator (koşul operatörü)
• sizeof operator

Control Statements

• if statement
• while statement
• n kere dönen döngü idiyomu (loop idiom that loops n times)
• how to get out of a loop (bir döngüden nasıl çıkılır?)
• infinite loop (sonsuz döngü)[while]
• break statement
• <conio.h> header for Microsoft Compiler _getch() and _getche() functions
• continue statement
• do while statement
• for statement
• infinite loop idiom(sonsuz döngü)[for]
• switch statement
• goto statement
• nested loops

Preprocessor

• #include
• #define
• object-like macros
• function-like(functional) macros
• X macro
• comparison between functional macros and functions
• preprocessor operators
• conditional compiling (koşullu derleme)
• multiple inclusion guard
• #undef
• predefined symbolic constants
• #error
• #line
• #pragma

Random Number Generation

• rand() function
• srand() function
• randomize idiom

Type Conversions

• implicit type conversions
  • assignment type conversions
  • arithmetic type conversions
• explicit type conversions
  • type-cast operator

Arrays

• information about data structures, algorithms, big O notation
• arrays
• array decay (array to pointer conversion)
• arrays initialization
• designated initializer(C99)
• sorting algorithms
• bubble sort
• merge algorithm
• binary search
• multi-dimensional arrays

String

• NTBS (null terminated byte stream)
• string concatenate - append
• remove copy algorithm
• count algorithm
• count_if algorithm

Pointers

• address of operator (adres operatörü)
• dereferencing (indirection) operator (içerik operatörü)
• pointer arithmetics
• subscript operator (köşeli parantez operatörü)
• diziler üzerinde işlem yapan fonksiyonlar
• pointer idioms
• comparison between addresses(pointers)
• functions that returns pointer(adres döndüren fonksiyonlar)
• valid and invalid pointers
• NULL - null pointer
• more pointer idioms
• pointer arrays
• pointer to pointer
• const correctness in pointers
• void pointers
• function pointers
• function pointer arrays
• pointer errors

const Keyword

• why using const keyword
• pointers & const

Type Alias(typedef) Declarations

• typedef declarations
• type aliases in standart library

Standart Library

• string operations in <string.h> module
  • strlen
  • strchr
  • strrchr
  • strstr
  • strpbrk
  • strcpy and strncpy
  • overlapped blocks and restrict keyword
  • strcat and strncat
  • string comparison(yazıların karşılaştırılması)
    • lexicographical compare
    • strcmp and strncmp
  • strspn and strcspn
  • strtok
• generic functions in <string.h> module
  • memset
  • memcpy and memmove
  • memchr
  • memcmp
    • Endianness
• qsort and bsearch in <stdlib.h> module
• conversion functions between strings and numbers in stdlib.h module
  • atoi and atof and atol and atoll
  • strtol and strtoll and strtoul and strtoull
  • strtof and strtod and strtold
• formatted input-output functions in stdio.h module
  • printf and sprintf
  • scanf and sscanf
• process termination functions in stdlib.h module
  • exit and atexit
  • abort
• system function in stdlib.h

String Literals

Dynamic Memory Management

• malloc
• free
• calloc
• strdup
• realloc
• dynamic array data structure

Storage Class Specifiers

• auto
• register
• static
  • static keyword in local namespace
  • static keyword in global namespace
    • Linkage
      • external linkage
      • internal linkage
      • no linkage
• extern

Type Qualifiers

• const keyword
• volatile keyword
• restrict keyword

User-Defined Types

• structures
  • member selection operators
    • '.' dot operator
    • '->' arrow operator
  • structure variable's initialization
  • structures and typedef declarations
  • structures and functions
  • complete and incomplete types
  • <date> module tests
  • composition
  • <person> module tests
  • HANDLE system
  • alignment
  • offsetof macro
  • comparison of structure types
• unions
  • tagged union - discriminated union
• enumarations

<time.h> module

• time
• localtime
• ctime, asctime
• strftime
• setlocale
• clock
• mktime
• difftime

Bitwise Operations

• bitwise operators (bitsel operatörler)
  • bitwise NOT ~ operator
  • bitwise shift operators
    • bitwise left shift << operator
    • bitwise right shift >> operator
  • bitwise AND & operator
  • bitwise OR | operator
  • bitwise XOR ^ operator
• bitwise manipulations
• bitfields

Command Line Arguments

File Operations

• fopen, fclose, fcloseall(non-standart)
• fgetc, fputc
• text and binary mode
• remove
• rename, tmpnam
• fprintf, fscanf formatted IO
• fgets, fputs
• fwrite, fread unformatted IO
• file pointer manipulation functions
  • fseek, rewind, ftell, fsetpos, fgetpos
• feof, ferror, clearerr,
• fflush
• setvbuf, setbuf
• stdout, stdin, stderr
• tmpfile
• freopen

Exception Handling

• static assertions
• dynamic assertions
• errno macro in <errno.h>
• perror in <stdio.h> module
• strerror in <string.h>
• non-local jumps, setjmp, longjmp in <setjmp.h>

C99 Changes

• variable length array (VLA)
• compound literals
• flexible array member
• inline functions
• variadic macros

C11 Changes

• generic selection

Environment Variables

Data Structures

• dynamic array
• linked list
• queue
• stack

Not Related

• strict aliasing rule
• localization
• default argument conversion