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Wintun Network Adapter

TUN Device Driver for Windows

This is a layer 3 TUN driver for Windows 7, 8, 8.1, 10, and 11. Originally created for WireGuard, it is intended to be useful to a wide variety of projects that require layer 3 tunneling devices with implementations primarily in userspace.

Installation

Wintun is deployed as a platform-specific wintun.dll file. Install the wintun.dll file side-by-side with your application. Download the dll from wintun.net, alongside the header file for your application described below.

Usage

Include the wintun.h file in your project simply by copying it there and dynamically load the wintun.dll using LoadLibraryEx() and GetProcAddress() to resolve each function, using the typedefs provided in the header file. The InitializeWintun function in the example.c code provides this in a function that you can simply copy and paste.

With the library setup, Wintun can then be used by first creating an adapter, configuring it, and then setting its status to "up". Adapters have names (e.g. "OfficeNet") and types (e.g. "Wintun").

WINTUN_ADAPTER_HANDLE Adapter1 = WintunCreateAdapter(L"OfficeNet", L"Wintun", &SomeFixedGUID1);
WINTUN_ADAPTER_HANDLE Adapter2 = WintunCreateAdapter(L"HomeNet", L"Wintun", &SomeFixedGUID2);
WINTUN_ADAPTER_HANDLE Adapter3 = WintunCreateAdapter(L"Data Center", L"Wintun", &SomeFixedGUID3);

After creating an adapter, we can use it by starting a session:

WINTUN_SESSION_HANDLE Session = WintunStartSession(Adapter2, 0x400000);

Then, the WintunAllocateSendPacket and WintunSendPacket functions can be used for sending packets (used by SendPackets in the example.c code):

BYTE *OutgoingPacket = WintunAllocateSendPacket(Session, PacketDataSize);
if (OutgoingPacket)
{
    memcpy(OutgoingPacket, PacketData, PacketDataSize);
    WintunSendPacket(Session, OutgoingPacket);
}
else if (GetLastError() != ERROR_BUFFER_OVERFLOW) // Silently drop packets if the ring is full
    Log(L"Packet write failed");

And the WintunReceivePacket and WintunReleaseReceivePacket functions can be used for receiving packets (used by ReceivePackets in the example.c code):

for (;;)
{
    DWORD IncomingPacketSize;
    BYTE *IncomingPacket = WintunReceivePacket(Session, &IncomingPacketSize);
    if (IncomingPacket)
    {
        DoSomethingWithPacket(IncomingPacket, IncomingPacketSize);
        WintunReleaseReceivePacket(Session, IncomingPacket);
    }
    else if (GetLastError() == ERROR_NO_MORE_ITEMS)
        WaitForSingleObject(WintunGetReadWaitEvent(Session), INFINITE);
    else
    {
        Log(L"Packet read failed");
        break;
    }
}

Some high performance use cases may want to spin on WintunReceivePackets for a number of cycles before falling back to waiting on the read-wait event.

You are highly encouraged to read the example.c short example to see how to put together a simple userspace network tunnel.

The various functions and definitions are documented in the reference below.

Reference

Macro Definitions

WINTUN_MAX_POOL

#define WINTUN_MAX_POOL 256

Maximum pool name length including zero terminator

WINTUN_MIN_RING_CAPACITY

#define WINTUN_MIN_RING_CAPACITY 0x20000 /* 128kiB */

Minimum ring capacity.

WINTUN_MAX_RING_CAPACITY

#define WINTUN_MAX_RING_CAPACITY 0x4000000 /* 64MiB */

Maximum ring capacity.

WINTUN_MAX_IP_PACKET_SIZE

#define WINTUN_MAX_IP_PACKET_SIZE 0xFFFF

Maximum IP packet size

Typedefs

WINTUN_ADAPTER_HANDLE

typedef void* WINTUN_ADAPTER_HANDLE

A handle representing Wintun adapter

WINTUN_ENUM_CALLBACK

typedef BOOL(* WINTUN_ENUM_CALLBACK) (WINTUN_ADAPTER_HANDLE Adapter, LPARAM Param)

Called by WintunEnumAdapters for each adapter in the pool.

Parameters

  • Adapter: Adapter handle, which will be freed when this function returns.
  • Param: An application-defined value passed to the WintunEnumAdapters.

Returns

Non-zero to continue iterating adapters; zero to stop.

WINTUN_LOGGER_CALLBACK

typedef void(* WINTUN_LOGGER_CALLBACK) (WINTUN_LOGGER_LEVEL Level, DWORD64 Timestamp, const WCHAR *Message)

Called by internal logger to report diagnostic messages

Parameters

  • Level: Message level.
  • Timestamp: Message timestamp in in 100ns intervals since 1601-01-01 UTC.
  • Message: Message text.

WINTUN_SESSION_HANDLE

typedef void* WINTUN_SESSION_HANDLE

A handle representing Wintun session

Enumeration Types

WINTUN_LOGGER_LEVEL

enum WINTUN_LOGGER_LEVEL

Determines the level of logging, passed to WINTUN_LOGGER_CALLBACK.

  • WINTUN_LOG_INFO: Informational
  • WINTUN_LOG_WARN: Warning
  • WINTUN_LOG_ERR: Error

Enumerator

Functions

WintunCreateAdapter()

WINTUN_ADAPTER_HANDLE WintunCreateAdapter (const WCHAR * Name, const WCHAR * TunnelType, const GUID * RequestedGUID)

Creates a new Wintun adapter.

Parameters

  • Name: The requested name of the adapter. Zero-terminated string of up to MAX_ADAPTER_NAME-1 characters.
  • Name: Name of the adapter tunnel type. Zero-terminated string of up to MAX_ADAPTER_NAME-1 characters.
  • RequestedGUID: The GUID of the created network adapter, which then influences NLA generation deterministically. If it is set to NULL, the GUID is chosen by the system at random, and hence a new NLA entry is created for each new adapter. It is called "requested" GUID because the API it uses is completely undocumented, and so there could be minor interesting complications with its usage.

Returns

If the function succeeds, the return value is the adapter handle. Must be released with WintunCloseAdapter. If the function fails, the return value is NULL. To get extended error information, call GetLastError.

WintunOpenAdapter()

WINTUN_ADAPTER_HANDLE WintunOpenAdapter (const WCHAR * Name)

Opens an existing Wintun adapter.

Parameters

  • Name: The requested name of the adapter. Zero-terminated string of up to MAX_ADAPTER_NAME-1 characters.

Returns

If the function succeeds, the return value is adapter handle. Must be released with WintunCloseAdapter. If the function fails, the return value is NULL. To get extended error information, call GetLastError.

WintunCloseAdapter()

void WintunCloseAdapter (WINTUN_ADAPTER_HANDLE Adapter)

Releases Wintun adapter resources and, if adapter was created with WintunCreateAdapter, removes adapter.

Parameters

  • Adapter: Adapter handle obtained with WintunCreateAdapter or WintunOpenAdapter.

WintunDeleteDriver()

BOOL WintunDeleteDriver ()

Deletes the Wintun driver if there are no more adapters in use.

Returns

If the function succeeds, the return value is nonzero. If the function fails, the return value is zero. To get extended error information, call GetLastError.

WintunGetAdapterLuid()

void WintunGetAdapterLuid (WINTUN_ADAPTER_HANDLE Adapter, NET_LUID * Luid)

Returns the LUID of the adapter.

Parameters

  • Adapter: Adapter handle obtained with WintunOpenAdapter or WintunCreateAdapter
  • Luid: Pointer to LUID to receive adapter LUID.

WintunGetRunningDriverVersion()

DWORD WintunGetRunningDriverVersion (void )

Determines the version of the Wintun driver currently loaded.

Returns

If the function succeeds, the return value is the version number. If the function fails, the return value is zero. To get extended error information, call GetLastError. Possible errors include the following: ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND Wintun not loaded

WintunSetLogger()

void WintunSetLogger (WINTUN_LOGGER_CALLBACK NewLogger)

Sets logger callback function.

Parameters

  • NewLogger: Pointer to callback function to use as a new global logger. NewLogger may be called from various threads concurrently. Should the logging require serialization, you must handle serialization in NewLogger. Set to NULL to disable.

WintunStartSession()

WINTUN_SESSION_HANDLE WintunStartSession (WINTUN_ADAPTER_HANDLE Adapter, DWORD Capacity)

Starts Wintun session.

Parameters

  • Adapter: Adapter handle obtained with WintunOpenAdapter or WintunCreateAdapter
  • Capacity: Rings capacity. Must be between WINTUN_MIN_RING_CAPACITY and WINTUN_MAX_RING_CAPACITY (incl.) Must be a power of two.

Returns

Wintun session handle. Must be released with WintunEndSession. If the function fails, the return value is NULL. To get extended error information, call GetLastError.

WintunEndSession()

void WintunEndSession (WINTUN_SESSION_HANDLE Session)

Ends Wintun session.

Parameters

  • Session: Wintun session handle obtained with WintunStartSession

WintunGetReadWaitEvent()

HANDLE WintunGetReadWaitEvent (WINTUN_SESSION_HANDLE Session)

Gets Wintun session's read-wait event handle.

Parameters

  • Session: Wintun session handle obtained with WintunStartSession

Returns

Pointer to receive event handle to wait for available data when reading. Should WintunReceivePackets return ERROR_NO_MORE_ITEMS (after spinning on it for a while under heavy load), wait for this event to become signaled before retrying WintunReceivePackets. Do not call CloseHandle on this event - it is managed by the session.

WintunReceivePacket()

BYTE* WintunReceivePacket (WINTUN_SESSION_HANDLE Session, DWORD * PacketSize)

Retrieves one or packet. After the packet content is consumed, call WintunReleaseReceivePacket with Packet returned from this function to release internal buffer. This function is thread-safe.

Parameters

  • Session: Wintun session handle obtained with WintunStartSession
  • PacketSize: Pointer to receive packet size.

Returns

Pointer to layer 3 IPv4 or IPv6 packet. Client may modify its content at will. If the function fails, the return value is NULL. To get extended error information, call GetLastError. Possible errors include the following: ERROR_HANDLE_EOF Wintun adapter is terminating; ERROR_NO_MORE_ITEMS Wintun buffer is exhausted; ERROR_INVALID_DATA Wintun buffer is corrupt

WintunReleaseReceivePacket()

void WintunReleaseReceivePacket (WINTUN_SESSION_HANDLE Session, const BYTE * Packet)

Releases internal buffer after the received packet has been processed by the client. This function is thread-safe.

Parameters

  • Session: Wintun session handle obtained with WintunStartSession
  • Packet: Packet obtained with WintunReceivePacket

WintunAllocateSendPacket()

BYTE* WintunAllocateSendPacket (WINTUN_SESSION_HANDLE Session, DWORD PacketSize)

Allocates memory for a packet to send. After the memory is filled with packet data, call WintunSendPacket to send and release internal buffer. WintunAllocateSendPacket is thread-safe and the WintunAllocateSendPacket order of calls define the packet sending order.

Parameters

  • Session: Wintun session handle obtained with WintunStartSession
  • PacketSize: Exact packet size. Must be less or equal to WINTUN_MAX_IP_PACKET_SIZE.

Returns

Returns pointer to memory where to prepare layer 3 IPv4 or IPv6 packet for sending. If the function fails, the return value is NULL. To get extended error information, call GetLastError. Possible errors include the following: ERROR_HANDLE_EOF Wintun adapter is terminating; ERROR_BUFFER_OVERFLOW Wintun buffer is full;

WintunSendPacket()

void WintunSendPacket (WINTUN_SESSION_HANDLE Session, const BYTE * Packet)

Sends the packet and releases internal buffer. WintunSendPacket is thread-safe, but the WintunAllocateSendPacket order of calls define the packet sending order. This means the packet is not guaranteed to be sent in the WintunSendPacket yet.

Parameters

  • Session: Wintun session handle obtained with WintunStartSession
  • Packet: Packet obtained with WintunAllocateSendPacket

Building

Do not distribute drivers or files named "Wintun", as they will most certainly clash with official deployments. Instead distribute wintun.dll as downloaded from wintun.net.

General requirements:

wintun.sln may be opened in Visual Studio for development and building. Be sure to run bcdedit /set testsigning on and then reboot before to enable unsigned driver loading. The default run sequence (F5) in Visual Studio will build the example project and its dependencies.

License

The entire contents of the repository, including all documentation and example code, is "Copyright © 2018-2021 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved." Source code is licensed under the GPLv2. Prebuilt binaries from wintun.net are released under a more permissive license suitable for more forms of software contained inside of the .zip files distributed there.