GD_Animation(b_and_m).ipynb

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      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
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        "<a href=\"https://colab.research.google.com/github/waqasahmad-developer/Gradient-Descent/blob/main/GD_Animation(b_and_m).ipynb\" target=\"_parent\"><img src=\"https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg\" alt=\"Open In Colab\"/></a>"
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    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "execution_count": 5,
      "metadata": {
        "id": "2fa6I_mrWtnR"
      },
      "outputs": [],
      "source": [
        "from sklearn.datasets import make_regression\n",
        "\n",
        "%matplotlib notebook\n",
        "import numpy as np\n",
        "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n",
        "from matplotlib.animation import FuncAnimation\n",
        "import matplotlib.animation as animation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "X,y = make_regression(n_samples=100, n_features=1, n_informative=1, n_targets=1, noise=20, random_state=13)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "wv0VLVJUXEMf"
      },
      "execution_count": 6,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "plt.scatter(X,y)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 34
        },
        "id": "CJhcYzTCXVX9",
        "outputId": "cfc1e61a-4006-4528-e780-4a0cba4fe144"
      },
      "execution_count": 7,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
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              "<matplotlib.collections.PathCollection at 0x7a347ed77210>"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 7
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression\n",
        "reg = LinearRegression()\n",
        "reg.fit(X,y)\n",
        "print(reg.coef_)\n",
        "print(reg.intercept_)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 52
        },
        "id": "3tooohpfXXmK",
        "outputId": "18f23b1b-8aaa-4bed-f301-c2d23ddd9c1e"
      },
      "execution_count": 9,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "name": "stdout",
          "text": [
            "[27.82809103]\n",
            "-2.29474455867698\n"
          ]
        }
      ]
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    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "b = -520\n",
        "m = 600\n",
        "lr = 0.001\n",
        "all_b = []\n",
        "all_m = []\n",
        "all_cost = []\n",
        "\n",
        "epochs = 30\n",
        "\n",
        "for i in range(epochs):\n",
        "    slope_b = 0\n",
        "    slope_m = 0\n",
        "    cost = 0\n",
        "    for j in range(X.shape[0]):\n",
        "        slope_b = slope_b - 2*(y[j] - (m * X[j]) -  b)\n",
        "        slope_m = slope_m - 2*(y[j] - (m * X[j]) -  b)*X[j]\n",
        "        cost = cost + (y[j] - m * X[j] -b) ** 2\n",
        "\n",
        "    b = b - (lr * slope_b)\n",
        "    m = m - (lr * slope_m)\n",
        "    all_b.append(b)\n",
        "    all_m.append(m)\n",
        "    all_cost.append(cost)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "GA_fPH1sX5Fq"
      },
      "execution_count": 27,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "all_b = np.array(all_b).ravel()"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "id": "px1iInzzZPsi"
      },
      "execution_count": 28,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "all_b"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 52
        },
        "id": "ABIo9uq-Zai3",
        "outputId": "806ad76a-5ffb-4779-a4aa-cba7adfb65c6"
      },
      "execution_count": 19,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
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              "array([-1.47290023e+02, -1.41579443e+02, -1.33166569e+02, ...,\n",
              "        3.26879928e+00,  1.48644464e+00,  4.77636499e-02])"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {},
          "execution_count": 19
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      ]
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    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "all_cost = np.array(all_cost).ravel()\n",
        "all_cost"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 156
        },
        "id": "EURrT1cDZfj8",
        "outputId": "a0ffef68-de79-46b4-f116-a8ec93f733ee"
      },
      "execution_count": 29,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
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              "array([5.19130590e+07, 3.53455889e+07, 2.40893756e+07, 1.64341942e+07,\n",
              "       1.12231914e+07, 7.67288304e+06, 5.25203877e+06, 3.60007103e+06,\n",
              "       2.47196743e+06, 1.70108374e+06, 1.17397303e+06, 8.13336633e+05,\n",
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              "       1.47626621e+05, 1.10257284e+05, 8.46106507e+04, 6.70036223e+04,\n",
              "       5.49123500e+04, 4.66066095e+04, 4.08997653e+04, 3.69776852e+04,\n",
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              "       2.96733275e+04, 2.92583790e+04])"
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      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(9,5))\n",
        "#fig.set_tight_layout(True)\n",
        "\n",
        "x_i = np.arange(-3, 3, 0.1)\n",
        "y_i = x_i*(-27) -150\n",
        "ax.scatter(X, y)\n",
        "line, = ax.plot(x_i, x_i*50 - 4, 'r-', linewidth=2)\n",
        "\n",
        "def update(i):\n",
        "    label = 'epoch {0}'.format(i + 1)\n",
        "    line.set_ydata(x_i*all_m[i] + all_b[i])\n",
        "    ax.set_xlabel(label)\n",
        "    # return line, ax\n",
        "\n",
        "anim = FuncAnimation(fig, update, repeat=True, frames=epochs, interval=500)\n",
        "\n",
        "f = r\"animation4.gif\"\n",
        "writergif = animation.PillowWriter(fps=2)\n",
        "anim.save(f, writer=writergif)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
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          "height": 17
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        "id": "-o425QhvZtFz",
        "outputId": "ba2de600-8d0e-40b9-a7cb-19a0c5b70c83"
      },
      "execution_count": 34,
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              "\n",
              "    function on_mouseover_closure(tooltip) {\n",
              "        return function (event) {\n",
              "            if (!event.currentTarget.disabled) {\n",
              "                return fig.toolbar_button_onmouseover(tooltip);\n",
              "            }\n",
              "        };\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    fig.buttons = {};\n",
              "    var buttonGroup = document.createElement('div');\n",
              "    buttonGroup.classList = 'mpl-button-group';\n",
              "    for (var toolbar_ind in mpl.toolbar_items) {\n",
              "        var name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][0];\n",
              "        var tooltip = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][1];\n",
              "        var image = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][2];\n",
              "        var method_name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][3];\n",
              "\n",
              "        if (!name) {\n",
              "            /* Instead of a spacer, we start a new button group. */\n",
              "            if (buttonGroup.hasChildNodes()) {\n",
              "                toolbar.appendChild(buttonGroup);\n",
              "            }\n",
              "            buttonGroup = document.createElement('div');\n",
              "            buttonGroup.classList = 'mpl-button-group';\n",
              "            continue;\n",
              "        }\n",
              "\n",
              "        var button = (fig.buttons[name] = document.createElement('button'));\n",
              "        button.classList = 'mpl-widget';\n",
              "        button.setAttribute('role', 'button');\n",
              "        button.setAttribute('aria-disabled', 'false');\n",
              "        button.addEventListener('click', on_click_closure(method_name));\n",
              "        button.addEventListener('mouseover', on_mouseover_closure(tooltip));\n",
              "\n",
              "        var icon_img = document.createElement('img');\n",
              "        icon_img.src = '_images/' + image + '.png';\n",
              "        icon_img.srcset = '_images/' + image + '_large.png 2x';\n",
              "        icon_img.alt = tooltip;\n",
              "        button.appendChild(icon_img);\n",
              "\n",
              "        buttonGroup.appendChild(button);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    if (buttonGroup.hasChildNodes()) {\n",
              "        toolbar.appendChild(buttonGroup);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    var fmt_picker = document.createElement('select');\n",
              "    fmt_picker.classList = 'mpl-widget';\n",
              "    toolbar.appendChild(fmt_picker);\n",
              "    this.format_dropdown = fmt_picker;\n",
              "\n",
              "    for (var ind in mpl.extensions) {\n",
              "        var fmt = mpl.extensions[ind];\n",
              "        var option = document.createElement('option');\n",
              "        option.selected = fmt === mpl.default_extension;\n",
              "        option.innerHTML = fmt;\n",
              "        fmt_picker.appendChild(option);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    var status_bar = document.createElement('span');\n",
              "    status_bar.classList = 'mpl-message';\n",
              "    toolbar.appendChild(status_bar);\n",
              "    this.message = status_bar;\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype.request_resize = function (x_pixels, y_pixels) {\n",
              "    // Request matplotlib to resize the figure. Matplotlib will then trigger a resize in the client,\n",
              "    // which will in turn request a refresh of the image.\n",
              "    this.send_message('resize', { width: x_pixels, height: y_pixels });\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype.send_message = function (type, properties) {\n",
              "    properties['type'] = type;\n",
              "    properties['figure_id'] = this.id;\n",
              "    this.ws.send(JSON.stringify(properties));\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype.send_draw_message = function () {\n",
              "    if (!this.waiting) {\n",
              "        this.waiting = true;\n",
              "        this.ws.send(JSON.stringify({ type: 'draw', figure_id: this.id }));\n",
              "    }\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_save = function (fig, _msg) {\n",
              "    var format_dropdown = fig.format_dropdown;\n",
              "    var format = format_dropdown.options[format_dropdown.selectedIndex].value;\n",
              "    fig.ondownload(fig, format);\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_resize = function (fig, msg) {\n",
              "    var size = msg['size'];\n",
              "    if (size[0] !== fig.canvas.width || size[1] !== fig.canvas.height) {\n",
              "        fig._resize_canvas(size[0], size[1], msg['forward']);\n",
              "        fig.send_message('refresh', {});\n",
              "    }\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_rubberband = function (fig, msg) {\n",
              "    var x0 = msg['x0'] / fig.ratio;\n",
              "    var y0 = (fig.canvas.height - msg['y0']) / fig.ratio;\n",
              "    var x1 = msg['x1'] / fig.ratio;\n",
              "    var y1 = (fig.canvas.height - msg['y1']) / fig.ratio;\n",
              "    x0 = Math.floor(x0) + 0.5;\n",
              "    y0 = Math.floor(y0) + 0.5;\n",
              "    x1 = Math.floor(x1) + 0.5;\n",
              "    y1 = Math.floor(y1) + 0.5;\n",
              "    var min_x = Math.min(x0, x1);\n",
              "    var min_y = Math.min(y0, y1);\n",
              "    var width = Math.abs(x1 - x0);\n",
              "    var height = Math.abs(y1 - y0);\n",
              "\n",
              "    fig.rubberband_context.clearRect(\n",
              "        0,\n",
              "        0,\n",
              "        fig.canvas.width / fig.ratio,\n",
              "        fig.canvas.height / fig.ratio\n",
              "    );\n",
              "\n",
              "    fig.rubberband_context.strokeRect(min_x, min_y, width, height);\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_figure_label = function (fig, msg) {\n",
              "    // Updates the figure title.\n",
              "    fig.header.textContent = msg['label'];\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_cursor = function (fig, msg) {\n",
              "    fig.canvas_div.style.cursor = msg['cursor'];\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_message = function (fig, msg) {\n",
              "    fig.message.textContent = msg['message'];\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_draw = function (fig, _msg) {\n",
              "    // Request the server to send over a new figure.\n",
              "    fig.send_draw_message();\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_image_mode = function (fig, msg) {\n",
              "    fig.image_mode = msg['mode'];\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_history_buttons = function (fig, msg) {\n",
              "    for (var key in msg) {\n",
              "        if (!(key in fig.buttons)) {\n",
              "            continue;\n",
              "        }\n",
              "        fig.buttons[key].disabled = !msg[key];\n",
              "        fig.buttons[key].setAttribute('aria-disabled', !msg[key]);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_navigate_mode = function (fig, msg) {\n",
              "    if (msg['mode'] === 'PAN') {\n",
              "        fig.buttons['Pan'].classList.add('active');\n",
              "        fig.buttons['Zoom'].classList.remove('active');\n",
              "    } else if (msg['mode'] === 'ZOOM') {\n",
              "        fig.buttons['Pan'].classList.remove('active');\n",
              "        fig.buttons['Zoom'].classList.add('active');\n",
              "    } else {\n",
              "        fig.buttons['Pan'].classList.remove('active');\n",
              "        fig.buttons['Zoom'].classList.remove('active');\n",
              "    }\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype.updated_canvas_event = function () {\n",
              "    // Called whenever the canvas gets updated.\n",
              "    this.send_message('ack', {});\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "// A function to construct a web socket function for onmessage handling.\n",
              "// Called in the figure constructor.\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype._make_on_message_function = function (fig) {\n",
              "    return function socket_on_message(evt) {\n",
              "        if (evt.data instanceof Blob) {\n",
              "            var img = evt.data;\n",
              "            if (img.type !== 'image/png') {\n",
              "                /* FIXME: We get \"Resource interpreted as Image but\n",
              "                 * transferred with MIME type text/plain:\" errors on\n",
              "                 * Chrome.  But how to set the MIME type?  It doesn't seem\n",
              "                 * to be part of the websocket stream */\n",
              "                img.type = 'image/png';\n",
              "            }\n",
              "\n",
              "            /* Free the memory for the previous frames */\n",
              "            if (fig.imageObj.src) {\n",
              "                (window.URL || window.webkitURL).revokeObjectURL(\n",
              "                    fig.imageObj.src\n",
              "                );\n",
              "            }\n",
              "\n",
              "            fig.imageObj.src = (window.URL || window.webkitURL).createObjectURL(\n",
              "                img\n",
              "            );\n",
              "            fig.updated_canvas_event();\n",
              "            fig.waiting = false;\n",
              "            return;\n",
              "        } else if (\n",
              "            typeof evt.data === 'string' &&\n",
              "            evt.data.slice(0, 21) === 'data:image/png;base64'\n",
              "        ) {\n",
              "            fig.imageObj.src = evt.data;\n",
              "            fig.updated_canvas_event();\n",
              "            fig.waiting = false;\n",
              "            return;\n",
              "        }\n",
              "\n",
              "        var msg = JSON.parse(evt.data);\n",
              "        var msg_type = msg['type'];\n",
              "\n",
              "        // Call the  \"handle_{type}\" callback, which takes\n",
              "        // the figure and JSON message as its only arguments.\n",
              "        try {\n",
              "            var callback = fig['handle_' + msg_type];\n",
              "        } catch (e) {\n",
              "            console.log(\n",
              "                \"No handler for the '\" + msg_type + \"' message type: \",\n",
              "                msg\n",
              "            );\n",
              "            return;\n",
              "        }\n",
              "\n",
              "        if (callback) {\n",
              "            try {\n",
              "                // console.log(\"Handling '\" + msg_type + \"' message: \", msg);\n",
              "                callback(fig, msg);\n",
              "            } catch (e) {\n",
              "                console.log(\n",
              "                    \"Exception inside the 'handler_\" + msg_type + \"' callback:\",\n",
              "                    e,\n",
              "                    e.stack,\n",
              "                    msg\n",
              "                );\n",
              "            }\n",
              "        }\n",
              "    };\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "function getModifiers(event) {\n",
              "    var mods = [];\n",
              "    if (event.ctrlKey) {\n",
              "        mods.push('ctrl');\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    if (event.altKey) {\n",
              "        mods.push('alt');\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    if (event.shiftKey) {\n",
              "        mods.push('shift');\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    if (event.metaKey) {\n",
              "        mods.push('meta');\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    return mods;\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "/*\n",
              " * return a copy of an object with only non-object keys\n",
              " * we need this to avoid circular references\n",
              " * https://stackoverflow.com/a/24161582/3208463\n",
              " */\n",
              "function simpleKeys(original) {\n",
              "    return Object.keys(original).reduce(function (obj, key) {\n",
              "        if (typeof original[key] !== 'object') {\n",
              "            obj[key] = original[key];\n",
              "        }\n",
              "        return obj;\n",
              "    }, {});\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype.mouse_event = function (event, name) {\n",
              "    if (name === 'button_press') {\n",
              "        this.canvas.focus();\n",
              "        this.canvas_div.focus();\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    // from https://stackoverflow.com/q/1114465\n",
              "    var boundingRect = this.canvas.getBoundingClientRect();\n",
              "    var x = (event.clientX - boundingRect.left) * this.ratio;\n",
              "    var y = (event.clientY - boundingRect.top) * this.ratio;\n",
              "\n",
              "    this.send_message(name, {\n",
              "        x: x,\n",
              "        y: y,\n",
              "        button: event.button,\n",
              "        step: event.step,\n",
              "        buttons: event.buttons,\n",
              "        modifiers: getModifiers(event),\n",
              "        guiEvent: simpleKeys(event),\n",
              "    });\n",
              "\n",
              "    return false;\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype._key_event_extra = function (_event, _name) {\n",
              "    // Handle any extra behaviour associated with a key event\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype.key_event = function (event, name) {\n",
              "    // Prevent repeat events\n",
              "    if (name === 'key_press') {\n",
              "        if (event.key === this._key) {\n",
              "            return;\n",
              "        } else {\n",
              "            this._key = event.key;\n",
              "        }\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    if (name === 'key_release') {\n",
              "        this._key = null;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    var value = '';\n",
              "    if (event.ctrlKey && event.key !== 'Control') {\n",
              "        value += 'ctrl+';\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    else if (event.altKey && event.key !== 'Alt') {\n",
              "        value += 'alt+';\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    else if (event.shiftKey && event.key !== 'Shift') {\n",
              "        value += 'shift+';\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    value += 'k' + event.key;\n",
              "\n",
              "    this._key_event_extra(event, name);\n",
              "\n",
              "    this.send_message(name, { key: value, guiEvent: simpleKeys(event) });\n",
              "    return false;\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype.toolbar_button_onclick = function (name) {\n",
              "    if (name === 'download') {\n",
              "        this.handle_save(this, null);\n",
              "    } else {\n",
              "        this.send_message('toolbar_button', { name: name });\n",
              "    }\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype.toolbar_button_onmouseover = function (tooltip) {\n",
              "    this.message.textContent = tooltip;\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "///////////////// REMAINING CONTENT GENERATED BY embed_js.py /////////////////\n",
              "// prettier-ignore\n",
              "var _JSXTOOLS_RESIZE_OBSERVER=function(A){var t,i=new WeakMap,n=new WeakMap,a=new WeakMap,r=new WeakMap,o=new Set;function s(e){if(!(this instanceof s))throw new TypeError(\"Constructor requires 'new' operator\");i.set(this,e)}function h(){throw new TypeError(\"Function is not a constructor\")}function c(e,t,i,n){e=0 in arguments?Number(arguments[0]):0,t=1 in arguments?Number(arguments[1]):0,i=2 in arguments?Number(arguments[2]):0,n=3 in arguments?Number(arguments[3]):0,this.right=(this.x=this.left=e)+(this.width=i),this.bottom=(this.y=this.top=t)+(this.height=n),Object.freeze(this)}function d(){t=requestAnimationFrame(d);var s=new WeakMap,p=new Set;o.forEach((function(t){r.get(t).forEach((function(i){var r=t instanceof window.SVGElement,o=a.get(t),d=r?0:parseFloat(o.paddingTop),f=r?0:parseFloat(o.paddingRight),l=r?0:parseFloat(o.paddingBottom),u=r?0:parseFloat(o.paddingLeft),g=r?0:parseFloat(o.borderTopWidth),m=r?0:parseFloat(o.borderRightWidth),w=r?0:parseFloat(o.borderBottomWidth),b=u+f,F=d+l,v=(r?0:parseFloat(o.borderLeftWidth))+m,W=g+w,y=r?0:t.offsetHeight-W-t.clientHeight,E=r?0:t.offsetWidth-v-t.clientWidth,R=b+v,z=F+W,M=r?t.width:parseFloat(o.width)-R-E,O=r?t.height:parseFloat(o.height)-z-y;if(n.has(t)){var k=n.get(t);if(k[0]===M&&k[1]===O)return}n.set(t,[M,O]);var S=Object.create(h.prototype);S.target=t,S.contentRect=new c(u,d,M,O),s.has(i)||(s.set(i,[]),p.add(i)),s.get(i).push(S)}))})),p.forEach((function(e){i.get(e).call(e,s.get(e),e)}))}return s.prototype.observe=function(i){if(i instanceof window.Element){r.has(i)||(r.set(i,new Set),o.add(i),a.set(i,window.getComputedStyle(i)));var n=r.get(i);n.has(this)||n.add(this),cancelAnimationFrame(t),t=requestAnimationFrame(d)}},s.prototype.unobserve=function(i){if(i instanceof window.Element&&r.has(i)){var n=r.get(i);n.has(this)&&(n.delete(this),n.size||(r.delete(i),o.delete(i))),n.size||r.delete(i),o.size||cancelAnimationFrame(t)}},A.DOMRectReadOnly=c,A.ResizeObserver=s,A.ResizeObserverEntry=h,A}; // eslint-disable-line\n",
              "mpl.toolbar_items = [[\"Home\", \"Reset original view\", \"fa fa-home\", \"home\"], [\"Back\", \"Back to previous view\", \"fa fa-arrow-left\", \"back\"], [\"Forward\", \"Forward to next view\", \"fa fa-arrow-right\", \"forward\"], [\"\", \"\", \"\", \"\"], [\"Pan\", \"Left button pans, Right button zooms\\nx/y fixes axis, CTRL fixes aspect\", \"fa fa-arrows\", \"pan\"], [\"Zoom\", \"Zoom to rectangle\\nx/y fixes axis\", \"fa fa-square-o\", \"zoom\"], [\"\", \"\", \"\", \"\"], [\"Download\", \"Download plot\", \"fa fa-floppy-o\", \"download\"]];\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.extensions = [\"eps\", \"jpeg\", \"pgf\", \"pdf\", \"png\", \"ps\", \"raw\", \"svg\", \"tif\", \"webp\"];\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.default_extension = \"png\";/* global mpl */\n",
              "\n",
              "var comm_websocket_adapter = function (comm) {\n",
              "    // Create a \"websocket\"-like object which calls the given IPython comm\n",
              "    // object with the appropriate methods. Currently this is a non binary\n",
              "    // socket, so there is still some room for performance tuning.\n",
              "    var ws = {};\n",
              "\n",
              "    ws.binaryType = comm.kernel.ws.binaryType;\n",
              "    ws.readyState = comm.kernel.ws.readyState;\n",
              "    function updateReadyState(_event) {\n",
              "        if (comm.kernel.ws) {\n",
              "            ws.readyState = comm.kernel.ws.readyState;\n",
              "        } else {\n",
              "            ws.readyState = 3; // Closed state.\n",
              "        }\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    comm.kernel.ws.addEventListener('open', updateReadyState);\n",
              "    comm.kernel.ws.addEventListener('close', updateReadyState);\n",
              "    comm.kernel.ws.addEventListener('error', updateReadyState);\n",
              "\n",
              "    ws.close = function () {\n",
              "        comm.close();\n",
              "    };\n",
              "    ws.send = function (m) {\n",
              "        //console.log('sending', m);\n",
              "        comm.send(m);\n",
              "    };\n",
              "    // Register the callback with on_msg.\n",
              "    comm.on_msg(function (msg) {\n",
              "        //console.log('receiving', msg['content']['data'], msg);\n",
              "        var data = msg['content']['data'];\n",
              "        if (data['blob'] !== undefined) {\n",
              "            data = {\n",
              "                data: new Blob(msg['buffers'], { type: data['blob'] }),\n",
              "            };\n",
              "        }\n",
              "        // Pass the mpl event to the overridden (by mpl) onmessage function.\n",
              "        ws.onmessage(data);\n",
              "    });\n",
              "    return ws;\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.mpl_figure_comm = function (comm, msg) {\n",
              "    // This is the function which gets called when the mpl process\n",
              "    // starts-up an IPython Comm through the \"matplotlib\" channel.\n",
              "\n",
              "    var id = msg.content.data.id;\n",
              "    // Get hold of the div created by the display call when the Comm\n",
              "    // socket was opened in Python.\n",
              "    var element = document.getElementById(id);\n",
              "    var ws_proxy = comm_websocket_adapter(comm);\n",
              "\n",
              "    function ondownload(figure, _format) {\n",
              "        window.open(figure.canvas.toDataURL());\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    var fig = new mpl.figure(id, ws_proxy, ondownload, element);\n",
              "\n",
              "    // Call onopen now - mpl needs it, as it is assuming we've passed it a real\n",
              "    // web socket which is closed, not our websocket->open comm proxy.\n",
              "    ws_proxy.onopen();\n",
              "\n",
              "    fig.parent_element = element;\n",
              "    fig.cell_info = mpl.find_output_cell(\"<div id='\" + id + \"'></div>\");\n",
              "    if (!fig.cell_info) {\n",
              "        console.error('Failed to find cell for figure', id, fig);\n",
              "        return;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    fig.cell_info[0].output_area.element.on(\n",
              "        'cleared',\n",
              "        { fig: fig },\n",
              "        fig._remove_fig_handler\n",
              "    );\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_close = function (fig, msg) {\n",
              "    var width = fig.canvas.width / fig.ratio;\n",
              "    fig.cell_info[0].output_area.element.off(\n",
              "        'cleared',\n",
              "        fig._remove_fig_handler\n",
              "    );\n",
              "    fig.resizeObserverInstance.unobserve(fig.canvas_div);\n",
              "\n",
              "    // Update the output cell to use the data from the current canvas.\n",
              "    fig.push_to_output();\n",
              "    var dataURL = fig.canvas.toDataURL();\n",
              "    // Re-enable the keyboard manager in IPython - without this line, in FF,\n",
              "    // the notebook keyboard shortcuts fail.\n",
              "    IPython.keyboard_manager.enable();\n",
              "    fig.parent_element.innerHTML =\n",
              "        '<img src=\"' + dataURL + '\" width=\"' + width + '\">';\n",
              "    fig.close_ws(fig, msg);\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype.close_ws = function (fig, msg) {\n",
              "    fig.send_message('closing', msg);\n",
              "    // fig.ws.close()\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype.push_to_output = function (_remove_interactive) {\n",
              "    // Turn the data on the canvas into data in the output cell.\n",
              "    var width = this.canvas.width / this.ratio;\n",
              "    var dataURL = this.canvas.toDataURL();\n",
              "    this.cell_info[1]['text/html'] =\n",
              "        '<img src=\"' + dataURL + '\" width=\"' + width + '\">';\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype.updated_canvas_event = function () {\n",
              "    // Tell IPython that the notebook contents must change.\n",
              "    IPython.notebook.set_dirty(true);\n",
              "    this.send_message('ack', {});\n",
              "    var fig = this;\n",
              "    // Wait a second, then push the new image to the DOM so\n",
              "    // that it is saved nicely (might be nice to debounce this).\n",
              "    setTimeout(function () {\n",
              "        fig.push_to_output();\n",
              "    }, 1000);\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype._init_toolbar = function () {\n",
              "    var fig = this;\n",
              "\n",
              "    var toolbar = document.createElement('div');\n",
              "    toolbar.classList = 'btn-toolbar';\n",
              "    this.root.appendChild(toolbar);\n",
              "\n",
              "    function on_click_closure(name) {\n",
              "        return function (_event) {\n",
              "            return fig.toolbar_button_onclick(name);\n",
              "        };\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    function on_mouseover_closure(tooltip) {\n",
              "        return function (event) {\n",
              "            if (!event.currentTarget.disabled) {\n",
              "                return fig.toolbar_button_onmouseover(tooltip);\n",
              "            }\n",
              "        };\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    fig.buttons = {};\n",
              "    var buttonGroup = document.createElement('div');\n",
              "    buttonGroup.classList = 'btn-group';\n",
              "    var button;\n",
              "    for (var toolbar_ind in mpl.toolbar_items) {\n",
              "        var name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][0];\n",
              "        var tooltip = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][1];\n",
              "        var image = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][2];\n",
              "        var method_name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][3];\n",
              "\n",
              "        if (!name) {\n",
              "            /* Instead of a spacer, we start a new button group. */\n",
              "            if (buttonGroup.hasChildNodes()) {\n",
              "                toolbar.appendChild(buttonGroup);\n",
              "            }\n",
              "            buttonGroup = document.createElement('div');\n",
              "            buttonGroup.classList = 'btn-group';\n",
              "            continue;\n",
              "        }\n",
              "\n",
              "        button = fig.buttons[name] = document.createElement('button');\n",
              "        button.classList = 'btn btn-default';\n",
              "        button.href = '#';\n",
              "        button.title = name;\n",
              "        button.innerHTML = '<i class=\"fa ' + image + ' fa-lg\"></i>';\n",
              "        button.addEventListener('click', on_click_closure(method_name));\n",
              "        button.addEventListener('mouseover', on_mouseover_closure(tooltip));\n",
              "        buttonGroup.appendChild(button);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    if (buttonGroup.hasChildNodes()) {\n",
              "        toolbar.appendChild(buttonGroup);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    // Add the status bar.\n",
              "    var status_bar = document.createElement('span');\n",
              "    status_bar.classList = 'mpl-message pull-right';\n",
              "    toolbar.appendChild(status_bar);\n",
              "    this.message = status_bar;\n",
              "\n",
              "    // Add the close button to the window.\n",
              "    var buttongrp = document.createElement('div');\n",
              "    buttongrp.classList = 'btn-group inline pull-right';\n",
              "    button = document.createElement('button');\n",
              "    button.classList = 'btn btn-mini btn-primary';\n",
              "    button.href = '#';\n",
              "    button.title = 'Stop Interaction';\n",
              "    button.innerHTML = '<i class=\"fa fa-power-off icon-remove icon-large\"></i>';\n",
              "    button.addEventListener('click', function (_evt) {\n",
              "        fig.handle_close(fig, {});\n",
              "    });\n",
              "    button.addEventListener(\n",
              "        'mouseover',\n",
              "        on_mouseover_closure('Stop Interaction')\n",
              "    );\n",
              "    buttongrp.appendChild(button);\n",
              "    var titlebar = this.root.querySelector('.ui-dialog-titlebar');\n",
              "    titlebar.insertBefore(buttongrp, titlebar.firstChild);\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype._remove_fig_handler = function (event) {\n",
              "    var fig = event.data.fig;\n",
              "    if (event.target !== this) {\n",
              "        // Ignore bubbled events from children.\n",
              "        return;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    fig.close_ws(fig, {});\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype._root_extra_style = function (el) {\n",
              "    el.style.boxSizing = 'content-box'; // override notebook setting of border-box.\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype._canvas_extra_style = function (el) {\n",
              "    // this is important to make the div 'focusable\n",
              "    el.setAttribute('tabindex', 0);\n",
              "    // reach out to IPython and tell the keyboard manager to turn it's self\n",
              "    // off when our div gets focus\n",
              "\n",
              "    // location in version 3\n",
              "    if (IPython.notebook.keyboard_manager) {\n",
              "        IPython.notebook.keyboard_manager.register_events(el);\n",
              "    } else {\n",
              "        // location in version 2\n",
              "        IPython.keyboard_manager.register_events(el);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype._key_event_extra = function (event, _name) {\n",
              "    // Check for shift+enter\n",
              "    if (event.shiftKey && event.which === 13) {\n",
              "        this.canvas_div.blur();\n",
              "        // select the cell after this one\n",
              "        var index = IPython.notebook.find_cell_index(this.cell_info[0]);\n",
              "        IPython.notebook.select(index + 1);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_save = function (fig, _msg) {\n",
              "    fig.ondownload(fig, null);\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.find_output_cell = function (html_output) {\n",
              "    // Return the cell and output element which can be found *uniquely* in the notebook.\n",
              "    // Note - this is a bit hacky, but it is done because the \"notebook_saving.Notebook\"\n",
              "    // IPython event is triggered only after the cells have been serialised, which for\n",
              "    // our purposes (turning an active figure into a static one), is too late.\n",
              "    var cells = IPython.notebook.get_cells();\n",
              "    var ncells = cells.length;\n",
              "    for (var i = 0; i < ncells; i++) {\n",
              "        var cell = cells[i];\n",
              "        if (cell.cell_type === 'code') {\n",
              "            for (var j = 0; j < cell.output_area.outputs.length; j++) {\n",
              "                var data = cell.output_area.outputs[j];\n",
              "                if (data.data) {\n",
              "                    // IPython >= 3 moved mimebundle to data attribute of output\n",
              "                    data = data.data;\n",
              "                }\n",
              "                if (data['text/html'] === html_output) {\n",
              "                    return [cell, data, j];\n",
              "                }\n",
              "            }\n",
              "        }\n",
              "    }\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "// Register the function which deals with the matplotlib target/channel.\n",
              "// The kernel may be null if the page has been refreshed.\n",
              "if (IPython.notebook.kernel !== null) {\n",
              "    IPython.notebook.kernel.comm_manager.register_target(\n",
              "        'matplotlib',\n",
              "        mpl.mpl_figure_comm\n",
              "    );\n",
              "}\n"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {}
        },
        {
          "output_type": "display_data",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "<IPython.core.display.HTML object>"
            ],
            "text/html": [
              "<div id='4e8cd3b8-97ed-4fda-9390-9dbc3914c3a5'></div>"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {}
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "# Cost function\n",
        "# creating a blank window\n",
        "# for the animation\n",
        "num_epochs = list(range(0,30))\n",
        "fig = plt.figure(figsize=(9,5))\n",
        "axis = plt.axes(xlim =(0, 31), ylim =(0, 4500000))\n",
        "\n",
        "line, = axis.plot([], [], lw = 2)\n",
        "\n",
        "xdata, ydata = [], []\n",
        "\n",
        "# animation function\n",
        "def animate(i):\n",
        "    label = 'epoch {0}'.format(i + 1)\n",
        "    xdata.append(num_epochs[i])\n",
        "    ydata.append(all_cost[i])\n",
        "    line.set_data(xdata, ydata)\n",
        "    axis.set_xlabel(label)\n",
        "\n",
        "    return line,\n",
        "\n",
        "# calling the animation function\n",
        "anim = animation.FuncAnimation(fig, animate, frames = 30,repeat=False, interval = 500)\n",
        "\n",
        "f = r\"animation5.gif\"\n",
        "writergif = animation.PillowWriter(fps=2)\n",
        "anim.save(f, writer=writergif)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 17
        },
        "id": "4HB0K2cOZ090",
        "outputId": "cfb3463d-ec65-4428-bc4d-3fa9744e13cc"
      },
      "execution_count": 35,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "display_data",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "<IPython.core.display.Javascript object>"
            ],
            "application/javascript": [
              "/* Put everything inside the global mpl namespace */\n",
              "/* global mpl */\n",
              "window.mpl = {};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.get_websocket_type = function () {\n",
              "    if (typeof WebSocket !== 'undefined') {\n",
              "        return WebSocket;\n",
              "    } else if (typeof MozWebSocket !== 'undefined') {\n",
              "        return MozWebSocket;\n",
              "    } else {\n",
              "        alert(\n",
              "            'Your browser does not have WebSocket support. ' +\n",
              "                'Please try Chrome, Safari or Firefox ≥ 6. ' +\n",
              "                'Firefox 4 and 5 are also supported but you ' +\n",
              "                'have to enable WebSockets in about:config.'\n",
              "        );\n",
              "    }\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure = function (figure_id, websocket, ondownload, parent_element) {\n",
              "    this.id = figure_id;\n",
              "\n",
              "    this.ws = websocket;\n",
              "\n",
              "    this.supports_binary = this.ws.binaryType !== undefined;\n",
              "\n",
              "    if (!this.supports_binary) {\n",
              "        var warnings = document.getElementById('mpl-warnings');\n",
              "        if (warnings) {\n",
              "            warnings.style.display = 'block';\n",
              "            warnings.textContent =\n",
              "                'This browser does not support binary websocket messages. ' +\n",
              "                'Performance may be slow.';\n",
              "        }\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    this.imageObj = new Image();\n",
              "\n",
              "    this.context = undefined;\n",
              "    this.message = undefined;\n",
              "    this.canvas = undefined;\n",
              "    this.rubberband_canvas = undefined;\n",
              "    this.rubberband_context = undefined;\n",
              "    this.format_dropdown = undefined;\n",
              "\n",
              "    this.image_mode = 'full';\n",
              "\n",
              "    this.root = document.createElement('div');\n",
              "    this.root.setAttribute('style', 'display: inline-block');\n",
              "    this._root_extra_style(this.root);\n",
              "\n",
              "    parent_element.appendChild(this.root);\n",
              "\n",
              "    this._init_header(this);\n",
              "    this._init_canvas(this);\n",
              "    this._init_toolbar(this);\n",
              "\n",
              "    var fig = this;\n",
              "\n",
              "    this.waiting = false;\n",
              "\n",
              "    this.ws.onopen = function () {\n",
              "        fig.send_message('supports_binary', { value: fig.supports_binary });\n",
              "        fig.send_message('send_image_mode', {});\n",
              "        if (fig.ratio !== 1) {\n",
              "            fig.send_message('set_device_pixel_ratio', {\n",
              "                device_pixel_ratio: fig.ratio,\n",
              "            });\n",
              "        }\n",
              "        fig.send_message('refresh', {});\n",
              "    };\n",
              "\n",
              "    this.imageObj.onload = function () {\n",
              "        if (fig.image_mode === 'full') {\n",
              "            // Full images could contain transparency (where diff images\n",
              "            // almost always do), so we need to clear the canvas so that\n",
              "            // there is no ghosting.\n",
              "            fig.context.clearRect(0, 0, fig.canvas.width, fig.canvas.height);\n",
              "        }\n",
              "        fig.context.drawImage(fig.imageObj, 0, 0);\n",
              "    };\n",
              "\n",
              "    this.imageObj.onunload = function () {\n",
              "        fig.ws.close();\n",
              "    };\n",
              "\n",
              "    this.ws.onmessage = this._make_on_message_function(this);\n",
              "\n",
              "    this.ondownload = ondownload;\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype._init_header = function () {\n",
              "    var titlebar = document.createElement('div');\n",
              "    titlebar.classList =\n",
              "        'ui-dialog-titlebar ui-widget-header ui-corner-all ui-helper-clearfix';\n",
              "    var titletext = document.createElement('div');\n",
              "    titletext.classList = 'ui-dialog-title';\n",
              "    titletext.setAttribute(\n",
              "        'style',\n",
              "        'width: 100%; text-align: center; padding: 3px;'\n",
              "    );\n",
              "    titlebar.appendChild(titletext);\n",
              "    this.root.appendChild(titlebar);\n",
              "    this.header = titletext;\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype._canvas_extra_style = function (_canvas_div) {};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype._root_extra_style = function (_canvas_div) {};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype._init_canvas = function () {\n",
              "    var fig = this;\n",
              "\n",
              "    var canvas_div = (this.canvas_div = document.createElement('div'));\n",
              "    canvas_div.setAttribute('tabindex', '0');\n",
              "    canvas_div.setAttribute(\n",
              "        'style',\n",
              "        'border: 1px solid #ddd;' +\n",
              "            'box-sizing: content-box;' +\n",
              "            'clear: both;' +\n",
              "            'min-height: 1px;' +\n",
              "            'min-width: 1px;' +\n",
              "            'outline: 0;' +\n",
              "            'overflow: hidden;' +\n",
              "            'position: relative;' +\n",
              "            'resize: both;' +\n",
              "            'z-index: 2;'\n",
              "    );\n",
              "\n",
              "    function on_keyboard_event_closure(name) {\n",
              "        return function (event) {\n",
              "            return fig.key_event(event, name);\n",
              "        };\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    canvas_div.addEventListener(\n",
              "        'keydown',\n",
              "        on_keyboard_event_closure('key_press')\n",
              "    );\n",
              "    canvas_div.addEventListener(\n",
              "        'keyup',\n",
              "        on_keyboard_event_closure('key_release')\n",
              "    );\n",
              "\n",
              "    this._canvas_extra_style(canvas_div);\n",
              "    this.root.appendChild(canvas_div);\n",
              "\n",
              "    var canvas = (this.canvas = document.createElement('canvas'));\n",
              "    canvas.classList.add('mpl-canvas');\n",
              "    canvas.setAttribute(\n",
              "        'style',\n",
              "        'box-sizing: content-box;' +\n",
              "            'pointer-events: none;' +\n",
              "            'position: relative;' +\n",
              "            'z-index: 0;'\n",
              "    );\n",
              "\n",
              "    this.context = canvas.getContext('2d');\n",
              "\n",
              "    var backingStore =\n",
              "        this.context.backingStorePixelRatio ||\n",
              "        this.context.webkitBackingStorePixelRatio ||\n",
              "        this.context.mozBackingStorePixelRatio ||\n",
              "        this.context.msBackingStorePixelRatio ||\n",
              "        this.context.oBackingStorePixelRatio ||\n",
              "        this.context.backingStorePixelRatio ||\n",
              "        1;\n",
              "\n",
              "    this.ratio = (window.devicePixelRatio || 1) / backingStore;\n",
              "\n",
              "    var rubberband_canvas = (this.rubberband_canvas = document.createElement(\n",
              "        'canvas'\n",
              "    ));\n",
              "    rubberband_canvas.setAttribute(\n",
              "        'style',\n",
              "        'box-sizing: content-box;' +\n",
              "            'left: 0;' +\n",
              "            'pointer-events: none;' +\n",
              "            'position: absolute;' +\n",
              "            'top: 0;' +\n",
              "            'z-index: 1;'\n",
              "    );\n",
              "\n",
              "    // Apply a ponyfill if ResizeObserver is not implemented by browser.\n",
              "    if (this.ResizeObserver === undefined) {\n",
              "        if (window.ResizeObserver !== undefined) {\n",
              "            this.ResizeObserver = window.ResizeObserver;\n",
              "        } else {\n",
              "            var obs = _JSXTOOLS_RESIZE_OBSERVER({});\n",
              "            this.ResizeObserver = obs.ResizeObserver;\n",
              "        }\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    this.resizeObserverInstance = new this.ResizeObserver(function (entries) {\n",
              "        // There's no need to resize if the WebSocket is not connected:\n",
              "        // - If it is still connecting, then we will get an initial resize from\n",
              "        //   Python once it connects.\n",
              "        // - If it has disconnected, then resizing will clear the canvas and\n",
              "        //   never get anything back to refill it, so better to not resize and\n",
              "        //   keep something visible.\n",
              "        if (fig.ws.readyState != 1) {\n",
              "            return;\n",
              "        }\n",
              "        var nentries = entries.length;\n",
              "        for (var i = 0; i < nentries; i++) {\n",
              "            var entry = entries[i];\n",
              "            var width, height;\n",
              "            if (entry.contentBoxSize) {\n",
              "                if (entry.contentBoxSize instanceof Array) {\n",
              "                    // Chrome 84 implements new version of spec.\n",
              "                    width = entry.contentBoxSize[0].inlineSize;\n",
              "                    height = entry.contentBoxSize[0].blockSize;\n",
              "                } else {\n",
              "                    // Firefox implements old version of spec.\n",
              "                    width = entry.contentBoxSize.inlineSize;\n",
              "                    height = entry.contentBoxSize.blockSize;\n",
              "                }\n",
              "            } else {\n",
              "                // Chrome <84 implements even older version of spec.\n",
              "                width = entry.contentRect.width;\n",
              "                height = entry.contentRect.height;\n",
              "            }\n",
              "\n",
              "            // Keep the size of the canvas and rubber band canvas in sync with\n",
              "            // the canvas container.\n",
              "            if (entry.devicePixelContentBoxSize) {\n",
              "                // Chrome 84 implements new version of spec.\n",
              "                canvas.setAttribute(\n",
              "                    'width',\n",
              "                    entry.devicePixelContentBoxSize[0].inlineSize\n",
              "                );\n",
              "                canvas.setAttribute(\n",
              "                    'height',\n",
              "                    entry.devicePixelContentBoxSize[0].blockSize\n",
              "                );\n",
              "            } else {\n",
              "                canvas.setAttribute('width', width * fig.ratio);\n",
              "                canvas.setAttribute('height', height * fig.ratio);\n",
              "            }\n",
              "            /* This rescales the canvas back to display pixels, so that it\n",
              "             * appears correct on HiDPI screens. */\n",
              "            canvas.style.width = width + 'px';\n",
              "            canvas.style.height = height + 'px';\n",
              "\n",
              "            rubberband_canvas.setAttribute('width', width);\n",
              "            rubberband_canvas.setAttribute('height', height);\n",
              "\n",
              "            // And update the size in Python. We ignore the initial 0/0 size\n",
              "            // that occurs as the element is placed into the DOM, which should\n",
              "            // otherwise not happen due to the minimum size styling.\n",
              "            if (width != 0 && height != 0) {\n",
              "                fig.request_resize(width, height);\n",
              "            }\n",
              "        }\n",
              "    });\n",
              "    this.resizeObserverInstance.observe(canvas_div);\n",
              "\n",
              "    function on_mouse_event_closure(name) {\n",
              "        /* User Agent sniffing is bad, but WebKit is busted:\n",
              "         * https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=144526\n",
              "         * https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=181818\n",
              "         * The worst that happens here is that they get an extra browser\n",
              "         * selection when dragging, if this check fails to catch them.\n",
              "         */\n",
              "        var UA = navigator.userAgent;\n",
              "        var isWebKit = /AppleWebKit/.test(UA) && !/Chrome/.test(UA);\n",
              "        if(isWebKit) {\n",
              "            return function (event) {\n",
              "                /* This prevents the web browser from automatically changing to\n",
              "                 * the text insertion cursor when the button is pressed. We\n",
              "                 * want to control all of the cursor setting manually through\n",
              "                 * the 'cursor' event from matplotlib */\n",
              "                event.preventDefault()\n",
              "                return fig.mouse_event(event, name);\n",
              "            };\n",
              "        } else {\n",
              "            return function (event) {\n",
              "                return fig.mouse_event(event, name);\n",
              "            };\n",
              "        }\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    canvas_div.addEventListener(\n",
              "        'mousedown',\n",
              "        on_mouse_event_closure('button_press')\n",
              "    );\n",
              "    canvas_div.addEventListener(\n",
              "        'mouseup',\n",
              "        on_mouse_event_closure('button_release')\n",
              "    );\n",
              "    canvas_div.addEventListener(\n",
              "        'dblclick',\n",
              "        on_mouse_event_closure('dblclick')\n",
              "    );\n",
              "    // Throttle sequential mouse events to 1 every 20ms.\n",
              "    canvas_div.addEventListener(\n",
              "        'mousemove',\n",
              "        on_mouse_event_closure('motion_notify')\n",
              "    );\n",
              "\n",
              "    canvas_div.addEventListener(\n",
              "        'mouseenter',\n",
              "        on_mouse_event_closure('figure_enter')\n",
              "    );\n",
              "    canvas_div.addEventListener(\n",
              "        'mouseleave',\n",
              "        on_mouse_event_closure('figure_leave')\n",
              "    );\n",
              "\n",
              "    canvas_div.addEventListener('wheel', function (event) {\n",
              "        if (event.deltaY < 0) {\n",
              "            event.step = 1;\n",
              "        } else {\n",
              "            event.step = -1;\n",
              "        }\n",
              "        on_mouse_event_closure('scroll')(event);\n",
              "    });\n",
              "\n",
              "    canvas_div.appendChild(canvas);\n",
              "    canvas_div.appendChild(rubberband_canvas);\n",
              "\n",
              "    this.rubberband_context = rubberband_canvas.getContext('2d');\n",
              "    this.rubberband_context.strokeStyle = '#000000';\n",
              "\n",
              "    this._resize_canvas = function (width, height, forward) {\n",
              "        if (forward) {\n",
              "            canvas_div.style.width = width + 'px';\n",
              "            canvas_div.style.height = height + 'px';\n",
              "        }\n",
              "    };\n",
              "\n",
              "    // Disable right mouse context menu.\n",
              "    canvas_div.addEventListener('contextmenu', function (_e) {\n",
              "        event.preventDefault();\n",
              "        return false;\n",
              "    });\n",
              "\n",
              "    function set_focus() {\n",
              "        canvas.focus();\n",
              "        canvas_div.focus();\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    window.setTimeout(set_focus, 100);\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype._init_toolbar = function () {\n",
              "    var fig = this;\n",
              "\n",
              "    var toolbar = document.createElement('div');\n",
              "    toolbar.classList = 'mpl-toolbar';\n",
              "    this.root.appendChild(toolbar);\n",
              "\n",
              "    function on_click_closure(name) {\n",
              "        return function (_event) {\n",
              "            return fig.toolbar_button_onclick(name);\n",
              "        };\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    function on_mouseover_closure(tooltip) {\n",
              "        return function (event) {\n",
              "            if (!event.currentTarget.disabled) {\n",
              "                return fig.toolbar_button_onmouseover(tooltip);\n",
              "            }\n",
              "        };\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    fig.buttons = {};\n",
              "    var buttonGroup = document.createElement('div');\n",
              "    buttonGroup.classList = 'mpl-button-group';\n",
              "    for (var toolbar_ind in mpl.toolbar_items) {\n",
              "        var name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][0];\n",
              "        var tooltip = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][1];\n",
              "        var image = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][2];\n",
              "        var method_name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][3];\n",
              "\n",
              "        if (!name) {\n",
              "            /* Instead of a spacer, we start a new button group. */\n",
              "            if (buttonGroup.hasChildNodes()) {\n",
              "                toolbar.appendChild(buttonGroup);\n",
              "            }\n",
              "            buttonGroup = document.createElement('div');\n",
              "            buttonGroup.classList = 'mpl-button-group';\n",
              "            continue;\n",
              "        }\n",
              "\n",
              "        var button = (fig.buttons[name] = document.createElement('button'));\n",
              "        button.classList = 'mpl-widget';\n",
              "        button.setAttribute('role', 'button');\n",
              "        button.setAttribute('aria-disabled', 'false');\n",
              "        button.addEventListener('click', on_click_closure(method_name));\n",
              "        button.addEventListener('mouseover', on_mouseover_closure(tooltip));\n",
              "\n",
              "        var icon_img = document.createElement('img');\n",
              "        icon_img.src = '_images/' + image + '.png';\n",
              "        icon_img.srcset = '_images/' + image + '_large.png 2x';\n",
              "        icon_img.alt = tooltip;\n",
              "        button.appendChild(icon_img);\n",
              "\n",
              "        buttonGroup.appendChild(button);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    if (buttonGroup.hasChildNodes()) {\n",
              "        toolbar.appendChild(buttonGroup);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    var fmt_picker = document.createElement('select');\n",
              "    fmt_picker.classList = 'mpl-widget';\n",
              "    toolbar.appendChild(fmt_picker);\n",
              "    this.format_dropdown = fmt_picker;\n",
              "\n",
              "    for (var ind in mpl.extensions) {\n",
              "        var fmt = mpl.extensions[ind];\n",
              "        var option = document.createElement('option');\n",
              "        option.selected = fmt === mpl.default_extension;\n",
              "        option.innerHTML = fmt;\n",
              "        fmt_picker.appendChild(option);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    var status_bar = document.createElement('span');\n",
              "    status_bar.classList = 'mpl-message';\n",
              "    toolbar.appendChild(status_bar);\n",
              "    this.message = status_bar;\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype.request_resize = function (x_pixels, y_pixels) {\n",
              "    // Request matplotlib to resize the figure. Matplotlib will then trigger a resize in the client,\n",
              "    // which will in turn request a refresh of the image.\n",
              "    this.send_message('resize', { width: x_pixels, height: y_pixels });\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype.send_message = function (type, properties) {\n",
              "    properties['type'] = type;\n",
              "    properties['figure_id'] = this.id;\n",
              "    this.ws.send(JSON.stringify(properties));\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype.send_draw_message = function () {\n",
              "    if (!this.waiting) {\n",
              "        this.waiting = true;\n",
              "        this.ws.send(JSON.stringify({ type: 'draw', figure_id: this.id }));\n",
              "    }\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_save = function (fig, _msg) {\n",
              "    var format_dropdown = fig.format_dropdown;\n",
              "    var format = format_dropdown.options[format_dropdown.selectedIndex].value;\n",
              "    fig.ondownload(fig, format);\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_resize = function (fig, msg) {\n",
              "    var size = msg['size'];\n",
              "    if (size[0] !== fig.canvas.width || size[1] !== fig.canvas.height) {\n",
              "        fig._resize_canvas(size[0], size[1], msg['forward']);\n",
              "        fig.send_message('refresh', {});\n",
              "    }\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_rubberband = function (fig, msg) {\n",
              "    var x0 = msg['x0'] / fig.ratio;\n",
              "    var y0 = (fig.canvas.height - msg['y0']) / fig.ratio;\n",
              "    var x1 = msg['x1'] / fig.ratio;\n",
              "    var y1 = (fig.canvas.height - msg['y1']) / fig.ratio;\n",
              "    x0 = Math.floor(x0) + 0.5;\n",
              "    y0 = Math.floor(y0) + 0.5;\n",
              "    x1 = Math.floor(x1) + 0.5;\n",
              "    y1 = Math.floor(y1) + 0.5;\n",
              "    var min_x = Math.min(x0, x1);\n",
              "    var min_y = Math.min(y0, y1);\n",
              "    var width = Math.abs(x1 - x0);\n",
              "    var height = Math.abs(y1 - y0);\n",
              "\n",
              "    fig.rubberband_context.clearRect(\n",
              "        0,\n",
              "        0,\n",
              "        fig.canvas.width / fig.ratio,\n",
              "        fig.canvas.height / fig.ratio\n",
              "    );\n",
              "\n",
              "    fig.rubberband_context.strokeRect(min_x, min_y, width, height);\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_figure_label = function (fig, msg) {\n",
              "    // Updates the figure title.\n",
              "    fig.header.textContent = msg['label'];\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_cursor = function (fig, msg) {\n",
              "    fig.canvas_div.style.cursor = msg['cursor'];\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_message = function (fig, msg) {\n",
              "    fig.message.textContent = msg['message'];\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_draw = function (fig, _msg) {\n",
              "    // Request the server to send over a new figure.\n",
              "    fig.send_draw_message();\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_image_mode = function (fig, msg) {\n",
              "    fig.image_mode = msg['mode'];\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_history_buttons = function (fig, msg) {\n",
              "    for (var key in msg) {\n",
              "        if (!(key in fig.buttons)) {\n",
              "            continue;\n",
              "        }\n",
              "        fig.buttons[key].disabled = !msg[key];\n",
              "        fig.buttons[key].setAttribute('aria-disabled', !msg[key]);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_navigate_mode = function (fig, msg) {\n",
              "    if (msg['mode'] === 'PAN') {\n",
              "        fig.buttons['Pan'].classList.add('active');\n",
              "        fig.buttons['Zoom'].classList.remove('active');\n",
              "    } else if (msg['mode'] === 'ZOOM') {\n",
              "        fig.buttons['Pan'].classList.remove('active');\n",
              "        fig.buttons['Zoom'].classList.add('active');\n",
              "    } else {\n",
              "        fig.buttons['Pan'].classList.remove('active');\n",
              "        fig.buttons['Zoom'].classList.remove('active');\n",
              "    }\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype.updated_canvas_event = function () {\n",
              "    // Called whenever the canvas gets updated.\n",
              "    this.send_message('ack', {});\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "// A function to construct a web socket function for onmessage handling.\n",
              "// Called in the figure constructor.\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype._make_on_message_function = function (fig) {\n",
              "    return function socket_on_message(evt) {\n",
              "        if (evt.data instanceof Blob) {\n",
              "            var img = evt.data;\n",
              "            if (img.type !== 'image/png') {\n",
              "                /* FIXME: We get \"Resource interpreted as Image but\n",
              "                 * transferred with MIME type text/plain:\" errors on\n",
              "                 * Chrome.  But how to set the MIME type?  It doesn't seem\n",
              "                 * to be part of the websocket stream */\n",
              "                img.type = 'image/png';\n",
              "            }\n",
              "\n",
              "            /* Free the memory for the previous frames */\n",
              "            if (fig.imageObj.src) {\n",
              "                (window.URL || window.webkitURL).revokeObjectURL(\n",
              "                    fig.imageObj.src\n",
              "                );\n",
              "            }\n",
              "\n",
              "            fig.imageObj.src = (window.URL || window.webkitURL).createObjectURL(\n",
              "                img\n",
              "            );\n",
              "            fig.updated_canvas_event();\n",
              "            fig.waiting = false;\n",
              "            return;\n",
              "        } else if (\n",
              "            typeof evt.data === 'string' &&\n",
              "            evt.data.slice(0, 21) === 'data:image/png;base64'\n",
              "        ) {\n",
              "            fig.imageObj.src = evt.data;\n",
              "            fig.updated_canvas_event();\n",
              "            fig.waiting = false;\n",
              "            return;\n",
              "        }\n",
              "\n",
              "        var msg = JSON.parse(evt.data);\n",
              "        var msg_type = msg['type'];\n",
              "\n",
              "        // Call the  \"handle_{type}\" callback, which takes\n",
              "        // the figure and JSON message as its only arguments.\n",
              "        try {\n",
              "            var callback = fig['handle_' + msg_type];\n",
              "        } catch (e) {\n",
              "            console.log(\n",
              "                \"No handler for the '\" + msg_type + \"' message type: \",\n",
              "                msg\n",
              "            );\n",
              "            return;\n",
              "        }\n",
              "\n",
              "        if (callback) {\n",
              "            try {\n",
              "                // console.log(\"Handling '\" + msg_type + \"' message: \", msg);\n",
              "                callback(fig, msg);\n",
              "            } catch (e) {\n",
              "                console.log(\n",
              "                    \"Exception inside the 'handler_\" + msg_type + \"' callback:\",\n",
              "                    e,\n",
              "                    e.stack,\n",
              "                    msg\n",
              "                );\n",
              "            }\n",
              "        }\n",
              "    };\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "function getModifiers(event) {\n",
              "    var mods = [];\n",
              "    if (event.ctrlKey) {\n",
              "        mods.push('ctrl');\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    if (event.altKey) {\n",
              "        mods.push('alt');\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    if (event.shiftKey) {\n",
              "        mods.push('shift');\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    if (event.metaKey) {\n",
              "        mods.push('meta');\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    return mods;\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "/*\n",
              " * return a copy of an object with only non-object keys\n",
              " * we need this to avoid circular references\n",
              " * https://stackoverflow.com/a/24161582/3208463\n",
              " */\n",
              "function simpleKeys(original) {\n",
              "    return Object.keys(original).reduce(function (obj, key) {\n",
              "        if (typeof original[key] !== 'object') {\n",
              "            obj[key] = original[key];\n",
              "        }\n",
              "        return obj;\n",
              "    }, {});\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype.mouse_event = function (event, name) {\n",
              "    if (name === 'button_press') {\n",
              "        this.canvas.focus();\n",
              "        this.canvas_div.focus();\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    // from https://stackoverflow.com/q/1114465\n",
              "    var boundingRect = this.canvas.getBoundingClientRect();\n",
              "    var x = (event.clientX - boundingRect.left) * this.ratio;\n",
              "    var y = (event.clientY - boundingRect.top) * this.ratio;\n",
              "\n",
              "    this.send_message(name, {\n",
              "        x: x,\n",
              "        y: y,\n",
              "        button: event.button,\n",
              "        step: event.step,\n",
              "        buttons: event.buttons,\n",
              "        modifiers: getModifiers(event),\n",
              "        guiEvent: simpleKeys(event),\n",
              "    });\n",
              "\n",
              "    return false;\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype._key_event_extra = function (_event, _name) {\n",
              "    // Handle any extra behaviour associated with a key event\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype.key_event = function (event, name) {\n",
              "    // Prevent repeat events\n",
              "    if (name === 'key_press') {\n",
              "        if (event.key === this._key) {\n",
              "            return;\n",
              "        } else {\n",
              "            this._key = event.key;\n",
              "        }\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    if (name === 'key_release') {\n",
              "        this._key = null;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    var value = '';\n",
              "    if (event.ctrlKey && event.key !== 'Control') {\n",
              "        value += 'ctrl+';\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    else if (event.altKey && event.key !== 'Alt') {\n",
              "        value += 'alt+';\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    else if (event.shiftKey && event.key !== 'Shift') {\n",
              "        value += 'shift+';\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    value += 'k' + event.key;\n",
              "\n",
              "    this._key_event_extra(event, name);\n",
              "\n",
              "    this.send_message(name, { key: value, guiEvent: simpleKeys(event) });\n",
              "    return false;\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype.toolbar_button_onclick = function (name) {\n",
              "    if (name === 'download') {\n",
              "        this.handle_save(this, null);\n",
              "    } else {\n",
              "        this.send_message('toolbar_button', { name: name });\n",
              "    }\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype.toolbar_button_onmouseover = function (tooltip) {\n",
              "    this.message.textContent = tooltip;\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "///////////////// REMAINING CONTENT GENERATED BY embed_js.py /////////////////\n",
              "// prettier-ignore\n",
              "var _JSXTOOLS_RESIZE_OBSERVER=function(A){var t,i=new WeakMap,n=new WeakMap,a=new WeakMap,r=new WeakMap,o=new Set;function s(e){if(!(this instanceof s))throw new TypeError(\"Constructor requires 'new' operator\");i.set(this,e)}function h(){throw new TypeError(\"Function is not a constructor\")}function c(e,t,i,n){e=0 in arguments?Number(arguments[0]):0,t=1 in arguments?Number(arguments[1]):0,i=2 in arguments?Number(arguments[2]):0,n=3 in arguments?Number(arguments[3]):0,this.right=(this.x=this.left=e)+(this.width=i),this.bottom=(this.y=this.top=t)+(this.height=n),Object.freeze(this)}function d(){t=requestAnimationFrame(d);var s=new WeakMap,p=new Set;o.forEach((function(t){r.get(t).forEach((function(i){var r=t instanceof window.SVGElement,o=a.get(t),d=r?0:parseFloat(o.paddingTop),f=r?0:parseFloat(o.paddingRight),l=r?0:parseFloat(o.paddingBottom),u=r?0:parseFloat(o.paddingLeft),g=r?0:parseFloat(o.borderTopWidth),m=r?0:parseFloat(o.borderRightWidth),w=r?0:parseFloat(o.borderBottomWidth),b=u+f,F=d+l,v=(r?0:parseFloat(o.borderLeftWidth))+m,W=g+w,y=r?0:t.offsetHeight-W-t.clientHeight,E=r?0:t.offsetWidth-v-t.clientWidth,R=b+v,z=F+W,M=r?t.width:parseFloat(o.width)-R-E,O=r?t.height:parseFloat(o.height)-z-y;if(n.has(t)){var k=n.get(t);if(k[0]===M&&k[1]===O)return}n.set(t,[M,O]);var S=Object.create(h.prototype);S.target=t,S.contentRect=new c(u,d,M,O),s.has(i)||(s.set(i,[]),p.add(i)),s.get(i).push(S)}))})),p.forEach((function(e){i.get(e).call(e,s.get(e),e)}))}return s.prototype.observe=function(i){if(i instanceof window.Element){r.has(i)||(r.set(i,new Set),o.add(i),a.set(i,window.getComputedStyle(i)));var n=r.get(i);n.has(this)||n.add(this),cancelAnimationFrame(t),t=requestAnimationFrame(d)}},s.prototype.unobserve=function(i){if(i instanceof window.Element&&r.has(i)){var n=r.get(i);n.has(this)&&(n.delete(this),n.size||(r.delete(i),o.delete(i))),n.size||r.delete(i),o.size||cancelAnimationFrame(t)}},A.DOMRectReadOnly=c,A.ResizeObserver=s,A.ResizeObserverEntry=h,A}; // eslint-disable-line\n",
              "mpl.toolbar_items = [[\"Home\", \"Reset original view\", \"fa fa-home\", \"home\"], [\"Back\", \"Back to previous view\", \"fa fa-arrow-left\", \"back\"], [\"Forward\", \"Forward to next view\", \"fa fa-arrow-right\", \"forward\"], [\"\", \"\", \"\", \"\"], [\"Pan\", \"Left button pans, Right button zooms\\nx/y fixes axis, CTRL fixes aspect\", \"fa fa-arrows\", \"pan\"], [\"Zoom\", \"Zoom to rectangle\\nx/y fixes axis\", \"fa fa-square-o\", \"zoom\"], [\"\", \"\", \"\", \"\"], [\"Download\", \"Download plot\", \"fa fa-floppy-o\", \"download\"]];\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.extensions = [\"eps\", \"jpeg\", \"pgf\", \"pdf\", \"png\", \"ps\", \"raw\", \"svg\", \"tif\", \"webp\"];\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.default_extension = \"png\";/* global mpl */\n",
              "\n",
              "var comm_websocket_adapter = function (comm) {\n",
              "    // Create a \"websocket\"-like object which calls the given IPython comm\n",
              "    // object with the appropriate methods. Currently this is a non binary\n",
              "    // socket, so there is still some room for performance tuning.\n",
              "    var ws = {};\n",
              "\n",
              "    ws.binaryType = comm.kernel.ws.binaryType;\n",
              "    ws.readyState = comm.kernel.ws.readyState;\n",
              "    function updateReadyState(_event) {\n",
              "        if (comm.kernel.ws) {\n",
              "            ws.readyState = comm.kernel.ws.readyState;\n",
              "        } else {\n",
              "            ws.readyState = 3; // Closed state.\n",
              "        }\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    comm.kernel.ws.addEventListener('open', updateReadyState);\n",
              "    comm.kernel.ws.addEventListener('close', updateReadyState);\n",
              "    comm.kernel.ws.addEventListener('error', updateReadyState);\n",
              "\n",
              "    ws.close = function () {\n",
              "        comm.close();\n",
              "    };\n",
              "    ws.send = function (m) {\n",
              "        //console.log('sending', m);\n",
              "        comm.send(m);\n",
              "    };\n",
              "    // Register the callback with on_msg.\n",
              "    comm.on_msg(function (msg) {\n",
              "        //console.log('receiving', msg['content']['data'], msg);\n",
              "        var data = msg['content']['data'];\n",
              "        if (data['blob'] !== undefined) {\n",
              "            data = {\n",
              "                data: new Blob(msg['buffers'], { type: data['blob'] }),\n",
              "            };\n",
              "        }\n",
              "        // Pass the mpl event to the overridden (by mpl) onmessage function.\n",
              "        ws.onmessage(data);\n",
              "    });\n",
              "    return ws;\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.mpl_figure_comm = function (comm, msg) {\n",
              "    // This is the function which gets called when the mpl process\n",
              "    // starts-up an IPython Comm through the \"matplotlib\" channel.\n",
              "\n",
              "    var id = msg.content.data.id;\n",
              "    // Get hold of the div created by the display call when the Comm\n",
              "    // socket was opened in Python.\n",
              "    var element = document.getElementById(id);\n",
              "    var ws_proxy = comm_websocket_adapter(comm);\n",
              "\n",
              "    function ondownload(figure, _format) {\n",
              "        window.open(figure.canvas.toDataURL());\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    var fig = new mpl.figure(id, ws_proxy, ondownload, element);\n",
              "\n",
              "    // Call onopen now - mpl needs it, as it is assuming we've passed it a real\n",
              "    // web socket which is closed, not our websocket->open comm proxy.\n",
              "    ws_proxy.onopen();\n",
              "\n",
              "    fig.parent_element = element;\n",
              "    fig.cell_info = mpl.find_output_cell(\"<div id='\" + id + \"'></div>\");\n",
              "    if (!fig.cell_info) {\n",
              "        console.error('Failed to find cell for figure', id, fig);\n",
              "        return;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    fig.cell_info[0].output_area.element.on(\n",
              "        'cleared',\n",
              "        { fig: fig },\n",
              "        fig._remove_fig_handler\n",
              "    );\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_close = function (fig, msg) {\n",
              "    var width = fig.canvas.width / fig.ratio;\n",
              "    fig.cell_info[0].output_area.element.off(\n",
              "        'cleared',\n",
              "        fig._remove_fig_handler\n",
              "    );\n",
              "    fig.resizeObserverInstance.unobserve(fig.canvas_div);\n",
              "\n",
              "    // Update the output cell to use the data from the current canvas.\n",
              "    fig.push_to_output();\n",
              "    var dataURL = fig.canvas.toDataURL();\n",
              "    // Re-enable the keyboard manager in IPython - without this line, in FF,\n",
              "    // the notebook keyboard shortcuts fail.\n",
              "    IPython.keyboard_manager.enable();\n",
              "    fig.parent_element.innerHTML =\n",
              "        '<img src=\"' + dataURL + '\" width=\"' + width + '\">';\n",
              "    fig.close_ws(fig, msg);\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype.close_ws = function (fig, msg) {\n",
              "    fig.send_message('closing', msg);\n",
              "    // fig.ws.close()\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype.push_to_output = function (_remove_interactive) {\n",
              "    // Turn the data on the canvas into data in the output cell.\n",
              "    var width = this.canvas.width / this.ratio;\n",
              "    var dataURL = this.canvas.toDataURL();\n",
              "    this.cell_info[1]['text/html'] =\n",
              "        '<img src=\"' + dataURL + '\" width=\"' + width + '\">';\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype.updated_canvas_event = function () {\n",
              "    // Tell IPython that the notebook contents must change.\n",
              "    IPython.notebook.set_dirty(true);\n",
              "    this.send_message('ack', {});\n",
              "    var fig = this;\n",
              "    // Wait a second, then push the new image to the DOM so\n",
              "    // that it is saved nicely (might be nice to debounce this).\n",
              "    setTimeout(function () {\n",
              "        fig.push_to_output();\n",
              "    }, 1000);\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype._init_toolbar = function () {\n",
              "    var fig = this;\n",
              "\n",
              "    var toolbar = document.createElement('div');\n",
              "    toolbar.classList = 'btn-toolbar';\n",
              "    this.root.appendChild(toolbar);\n",
              "\n",
              "    function on_click_closure(name) {\n",
              "        return function (_event) {\n",
              "            return fig.toolbar_button_onclick(name);\n",
              "        };\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    function on_mouseover_closure(tooltip) {\n",
              "        return function (event) {\n",
              "            if (!event.currentTarget.disabled) {\n",
              "                return fig.toolbar_button_onmouseover(tooltip);\n",
              "            }\n",
              "        };\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    fig.buttons = {};\n",
              "    var buttonGroup = document.createElement('div');\n",
              "    buttonGroup.classList = 'btn-group';\n",
              "    var button;\n",
              "    for (var toolbar_ind in mpl.toolbar_items) {\n",
              "        var name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][0];\n",
              "        var tooltip = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][1];\n",
              "        var image = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][2];\n",
              "        var method_name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][3];\n",
              "\n",
              "        if (!name) {\n",
              "            /* Instead of a spacer, we start a new button group. */\n",
              "            if (buttonGroup.hasChildNodes()) {\n",
              "                toolbar.appendChild(buttonGroup);\n",
              "            }\n",
              "            buttonGroup = document.createElement('div');\n",
              "            buttonGroup.classList = 'btn-group';\n",
              "            continue;\n",
              "        }\n",
              "\n",
              "        button = fig.buttons[name] = document.createElement('button');\n",
              "        button.classList = 'btn btn-default';\n",
              "        button.href = '#';\n",
              "        button.title = name;\n",
              "        button.innerHTML = '<i class=\"fa ' + image + ' fa-lg\"></i>';\n",
              "        button.addEventListener('click', on_click_closure(method_name));\n",
              "        button.addEventListener('mouseover', on_mouseover_closure(tooltip));\n",
              "        buttonGroup.appendChild(button);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    if (buttonGroup.hasChildNodes()) {\n",
              "        toolbar.appendChild(buttonGroup);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    // Add the status bar.\n",
              "    var status_bar = document.createElement('span');\n",
              "    status_bar.classList = 'mpl-message pull-right';\n",
              "    toolbar.appendChild(status_bar);\n",
              "    this.message = status_bar;\n",
              "\n",
              "    // Add the close button to the window.\n",
              "    var buttongrp = document.createElement('div');\n",
              "    buttongrp.classList = 'btn-group inline pull-right';\n",
              "    button = document.createElement('button');\n",
              "    button.classList = 'btn btn-mini btn-primary';\n",
              "    button.href = '#';\n",
              "    button.title = 'Stop Interaction';\n",
              "    button.innerHTML = '<i class=\"fa fa-power-off icon-remove icon-large\"></i>';\n",
              "    button.addEventListener('click', function (_evt) {\n",
              "        fig.handle_close(fig, {});\n",
              "    });\n",
              "    button.addEventListener(\n",
              "        'mouseover',\n",
              "        on_mouseover_closure('Stop Interaction')\n",
              "    );\n",
              "    buttongrp.appendChild(button);\n",
              "    var titlebar = this.root.querySelector('.ui-dialog-titlebar');\n",
              "    titlebar.insertBefore(buttongrp, titlebar.firstChild);\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype._remove_fig_handler = function (event) {\n",
              "    var fig = event.data.fig;\n",
              "    if (event.target !== this) {\n",
              "        // Ignore bubbled events from children.\n",
              "        return;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    fig.close_ws(fig, {});\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype._root_extra_style = function (el) {\n",
              "    el.style.boxSizing = 'content-box'; // override notebook setting of border-box.\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype._canvas_extra_style = function (el) {\n",
              "    // this is important to make the div 'focusable\n",
              "    el.setAttribute('tabindex', 0);\n",
              "    // reach out to IPython and tell the keyboard manager to turn it's self\n",
              "    // off when our div gets focus\n",
              "\n",
              "    // location in version 3\n",
              "    if (IPython.notebook.keyboard_manager) {\n",
              "        IPython.notebook.keyboard_manager.register_events(el);\n",
              "    } else {\n",
              "        // location in version 2\n",
              "        IPython.keyboard_manager.register_events(el);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype._key_event_extra = function (event, _name) {\n",
              "    // Check for shift+enter\n",
              "    if (event.shiftKey && event.which === 13) {\n",
              "        this.canvas_div.blur();\n",
              "        // select the cell after this one\n",
              "        var index = IPython.notebook.find_cell_index(this.cell_info[0]);\n",
              "        IPython.notebook.select(index + 1);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_save = function (fig, _msg) {\n",
              "    fig.ondownload(fig, null);\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.find_output_cell = function (html_output) {\n",
              "    // Return the cell and output element which can be found *uniquely* in the notebook.\n",
              "    // Note - this is a bit hacky, but it is done because the \"notebook_saving.Notebook\"\n",
              "    // IPython event is triggered only after the cells have been serialised, which for\n",
              "    // our purposes (turning an active figure into a static one), is too late.\n",
              "    var cells = IPython.notebook.get_cells();\n",
              "    var ncells = cells.length;\n",
              "    for (var i = 0; i < ncells; i++) {\n",
              "        var cell = cells[i];\n",
              "        if (cell.cell_type === 'code') {\n",
              "            for (var j = 0; j < cell.output_area.outputs.length; j++) {\n",
              "                var data = cell.output_area.outputs[j];\n",
              "                if (data.data) {\n",
              "                    // IPython >= 3 moved mimebundle to data attribute of output\n",
              "                    data = data.data;\n",
              "                }\n",
              "                if (data['text/html'] === html_output) {\n",
              "                    return [cell, data, j];\n",
              "                }\n",
              "            }\n",
              "        }\n",
              "    }\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "// Register the function which deals with the matplotlib target/channel.\n",
              "// The kernel may be null if the page has been refreshed.\n",
              "if (IPython.notebook.kernel !== null) {\n",
              "    IPython.notebook.kernel.comm_manager.register_target(\n",
              "        'matplotlib',\n",
              "        mpl.mpl_figure_comm\n",
              "    );\n",
              "}\n"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {}
        },
        {
          "output_type": "display_data",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "<IPython.core.display.HTML object>"
            ],
            "text/html": [
              "<div id='70bd1db7-7957-430b-b38e-ad0d1493a34f'></div>"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {}
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "source": [
        "# intercept graph\n",
        "num_epochs = list(range(0,30))\n",
        "fig = plt.figure(figsize=(9,5))\n",
        "axis = plt.axes(xlim =(0, 31), ylim =(-10, 160))\n",
        "\n",
        "line, = axis.plot([], [], lw = 2)\n",
        "\n",
        "xdata, ydata = [], []\n",
        "\n",
        "# animation function\n",
        "def animate(i):\n",
        "    label = 'epoch {0}'.format(i + 1)\n",
        "    xdata.append(num_epochs[i])\n",
        "    ydata.append(all_b[i])\n",
        "    line.set_data(xdata, ydata)\n",
        "    axis.set_xlabel(label)\n",
        "\n",
        "    return line,\n",
        "\n",
        "# calling the animation function\n",
        "anim = animation.FuncAnimation(fig, animate, frames = 30,repeat=False, interval = 500)\n",
        "\n",
        "f = r\"animation6.gif\"\n",
        "writergif = animation.PillowWriter(fps=2)\n",
        "anim.save(f, writer=writergif)"
      ],
      "metadata": {
        "colab": {
          "base_uri": "https://localhost:8080/",
          "height": 17
        },
        "id": "jZM_7qsXbD2a",
        "outputId": "b375cdb7-fcf5-43b4-8988-3a3917955100"
      },
      "execution_count": 36,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "display_data",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "<IPython.core.display.Javascript object>"
            ],
            "application/javascript": [
              "/* Put everything inside the global mpl namespace */\n",
              "/* global mpl */\n",
              "window.mpl = {};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.get_websocket_type = function () {\n",
              "    if (typeof WebSocket !== 'undefined') {\n",
              "        return WebSocket;\n",
              "    } else if (typeof MozWebSocket !== 'undefined') {\n",
              "        return MozWebSocket;\n",
              "    } else {\n",
              "        alert(\n",
              "            'Your browser does not have WebSocket support. ' +\n",
              "                'Please try Chrome, Safari or Firefox ≥ 6. ' +\n",
              "                'Firefox 4 and 5 are also supported but you ' +\n",
              "                'have to enable WebSockets in about:config.'\n",
              "        );\n",
              "    }\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure = function (figure_id, websocket, ondownload, parent_element) {\n",
              "    this.id = figure_id;\n",
              "\n",
              "    this.ws = websocket;\n",
              "\n",
              "    this.supports_binary = this.ws.binaryType !== undefined;\n",
              "\n",
              "    if (!this.supports_binary) {\n",
              "        var warnings = document.getElementById('mpl-warnings');\n",
              "        if (warnings) {\n",
              "            warnings.style.display = 'block';\n",
              "            warnings.textContent =\n",
              "                'This browser does not support binary websocket messages. ' +\n",
              "                'Performance may be slow.';\n",
              "        }\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    this.imageObj = new Image();\n",
              "\n",
              "    this.context = undefined;\n",
              "    this.message = undefined;\n",
              "    this.canvas = undefined;\n",
              "    this.rubberband_canvas = undefined;\n",
              "    this.rubberband_context = undefined;\n",
              "    this.format_dropdown = undefined;\n",
              "\n",
              "    this.image_mode = 'full';\n",
              "\n",
              "    this.root = document.createElement('div');\n",
              "    this.root.setAttribute('style', 'display: inline-block');\n",
              "    this._root_extra_style(this.root);\n",
              "\n",
              "    parent_element.appendChild(this.root);\n",
              "\n",
              "    this._init_header(this);\n",
              "    this._init_canvas(this);\n",
              "    this._init_toolbar(this);\n",
              "\n",
              "    var fig = this;\n",
              "\n",
              "    this.waiting = false;\n",
              "\n",
              "    this.ws.onopen = function () {\n",
              "        fig.send_message('supports_binary', { value: fig.supports_binary });\n",
              "        fig.send_message('send_image_mode', {});\n",
              "        if (fig.ratio !== 1) {\n",
              "            fig.send_message('set_device_pixel_ratio', {\n",
              "                device_pixel_ratio: fig.ratio,\n",
              "            });\n",
              "        }\n",
              "        fig.send_message('refresh', {});\n",
              "    };\n",
              "\n",
              "    this.imageObj.onload = function () {\n",
              "        if (fig.image_mode === 'full') {\n",
              "            // Full images could contain transparency (where diff images\n",
              "            // almost always do), so we need to clear the canvas so that\n",
              "            // there is no ghosting.\n",
              "            fig.context.clearRect(0, 0, fig.canvas.width, fig.canvas.height);\n",
              "        }\n",
              "        fig.context.drawImage(fig.imageObj, 0, 0);\n",
              "    };\n",
              "\n",
              "    this.imageObj.onunload = function () {\n",
              "        fig.ws.close();\n",
              "    };\n",
              "\n",
              "    this.ws.onmessage = this._make_on_message_function(this);\n",
              "\n",
              "    this.ondownload = ondownload;\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype._init_header = function () {\n",
              "    var titlebar = document.createElement('div');\n",
              "    titlebar.classList =\n",
              "        'ui-dialog-titlebar ui-widget-header ui-corner-all ui-helper-clearfix';\n",
              "    var titletext = document.createElement('div');\n",
              "    titletext.classList = 'ui-dialog-title';\n",
              "    titletext.setAttribute(\n",
              "        'style',\n",
              "        'width: 100%; text-align: center; padding: 3px;'\n",
              "    );\n",
              "    titlebar.appendChild(titletext);\n",
              "    this.root.appendChild(titlebar);\n",
              "    this.header = titletext;\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype._canvas_extra_style = function (_canvas_div) {};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype._root_extra_style = function (_canvas_div) {};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype._init_canvas = function () {\n",
              "    var fig = this;\n",
              "\n",
              "    var canvas_div = (this.canvas_div = document.createElement('div'));\n",
              "    canvas_div.setAttribute('tabindex', '0');\n",
              "    canvas_div.setAttribute(\n",
              "        'style',\n",
              "        'border: 1px solid #ddd;' +\n",
              "            'box-sizing: content-box;' +\n",
              "            'clear: both;' +\n",
              "            'min-height: 1px;' +\n",
              "            'min-width: 1px;' +\n",
              "            'outline: 0;' +\n",
              "            'overflow: hidden;' +\n",
              "            'position: relative;' +\n",
              "            'resize: both;' +\n",
              "            'z-index: 2;'\n",
              "    );\n",
              "\n",
              "    function on_keyboard_event_closure(name) {\n",
              "        return function (event) {\n",
              "            return fig.key_event(event, name);\n",
              "        };\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    canvas_div.addEventListener(\n",
              "        'keydown',\n",
              "        on_keyboard_event_closure('key_press')\n",
              "    );\n",
              "    canvas_div.addEventListener(\n",
              "        'keyup',\n",
              "        on_keyboard_event_closure('key_release')\n",
              "    );\n",
              "\n",
              "    this._canvas_extra_style(canvas_div);\n",
              "    this.root.appendChild(canvas_div);\n",
              "\n",
              "    var canvas = (this.canvas = document.createElement('canvas'));\n",
              "    canvas.classList.add('mpl-canvas');\n",
              "    canvas.setAttribute(\n",
              "        'style',\n",
              "        'box-sizing: content-box;' +\n",
              "            'pointer-events: none;' +\n",
              "            'position: relative;' +\n",
              "            'z-index: 0;'\n",
              "    );\n",
              "\n",
              "    this.context = canvas.getContext('2d');\n",
              "\n",
              "    var backingStore =\n",
              "        this.context.backingStorePixelRatio ||\n",
              "        this.context.webkitBackingStorePixelRatio ||\n",
              "        this.context.mozBackingStorePixelRatio ||\n",
              "        this.context.msBackingStorePixelRatio ||\n",
              "        this.context.oBackingStorePixelRatio ||\n",
              "        this.context.backingStorePixelRatio ||\n",
              "        1;\n",
              "\n",
              "    this.ratio = (window.devicePixelRatio || 1) / backingStore;\n",
              "\n",
              "    var rubberband_canvas = (this.rubberband_canvas = document.createElement(\n",
              "        'canvas'\n",
              "    ));\n",
              "    rubberband_canvas.setAttribute(\n",
              "        'style',\n",
              "        'box-sizing: content-box;' +\n",
              "            'left: 0;' +\n",
              "            'pointer-events: none;' +\n",
              "            'position: absolute;' +\n",
              "            'top: 0;' +\n",
              "            'z-index: 1;'\n",
              "    );\n",
              "\n",
              "    // Apply a ponyfill if ResizeObserver is not implemented by browser.\n",
              "    if (this.ResizeObserver === undefined) {\n",
              "        if (window.ResizeObserver !== undefined) {\n",
              "            this.ResizeObserver = window.ResizeObserver;\n",
              "        } else {\n",
              "            var obs = _JSXTOOLS_RESIZE_OBSERVER({});\n",
              "            this.ResizeObserver = obs.ResizeObserver;\n",
              "        }\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    this.resizeObserverInstance = new this.ResizeObserver(function (entries) {\n",
              "        // There's no need to resize if the WebSocket is not connected:\n",
              "        // - If it is still connecting, then we will get an initial resize from\n",
              "        //   Python once it connects.\n",
              "        // - If it has disconnected, then resizing will clear the canvas and\n",
              "        //   never get anything back to refill it, so better to not resize and\n",
              "        //   keep something visible.\n",
              "        if (fig.ws.readyState != 1) {\n",
              "            return;\n",
              "        }\n",
              "        var nentries = entries.length;\n",
              "        for (var i = 0; i < nentries; i++) {\n",
              "            var entry = entries[i];\n",
              "            var width, height;\n",
              "            if (entry.contentBoxSize) {\n",
              "                if (entry.contentBoxSize instanceof Array) {\n",
              "                    // Chrome 84 implements new version of spec.\n",
              "                    width = entry.contentBoxSize[0].inlineSize;\n",
              "                    height = entry.contentBoxSize[0].blockSize;\n",
              "                } else {\n",
              "                    // Firefox implements old version of spec.\n",
              "                    width = entry.contentBoxSize.inlineSize;\n",
              "                    height = entry.contentBoxSize.blockSize;\n",
              "                }\n",
              "            } else {\n",
              "                // Chrome <84 implements even older version of spec.\n",
              "                width = entry.contentRect.width;\n",
              "                height = entry.contentRect.height;\n",
              "            }\n",
              "\n",
              "            // Keep the size of the canvas and rubber band canvas in sync with\n",
              "            // the canvas container.\n",
              "            if (entry.devicePixelContentBoxSize) {\n",
              "                // Chrome 84 implements new version of spec.\n",
              "                canvas.setAttribute(\n",
              "                    'width',\n",
              "                    entry.devicePixelContentBoxSize[0].inlineSize\n",
              "                );\n",
              "                canvas.setAttribute(\n",
              "                    'height',\n",
              "                    entry.devicePixelContentBoxSize[0].blockSize\n",
              "                );\n",
              "            } else {\n",
              "                canvas.setAttribute('width', width * fig.ratio);\n",
              "                canvas.setAttribute('height', height * fig.ratio);\n",
              "            }\n",
              "            /* This rescales the canvas back to display pixels, so that it\n",
              "             * appears correct on HiDPI screens. */\n",
              "            canvas.style.width = width + 'px';\n",
              "            canvas.style.height = height + 'px';\n",
              "\n",
              "            rubberband_canvas.setAttribute('width', width);\n",
              "            rubberband_canvas.setAttribute('height', height);\n",
              "\n",
              "            // And update the size in Python. We ignore the initial 0/0 size\n",
              "            // that occurs as the element is placed into the DOM, which should\n",
              "            // otherwise not happen due to the minimum size styling.\n",
              "            if (width != 0 && height != 0) {\n",
              "                fig.request_resize(width, height);\n",
              "            }\n",
              "        }\n",
              "    });\n",
              "    this.resizeObserverInstance.observe(canvas_div);\n",
              "\n",
              "    function on_mouse_event_closure(name) {\n",
              "        /* User Agent sniffing is bad, but WebKit is busted:\n",
              "         * https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=144526\n",
              "         * https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=181818\n",
              "         * The worst that happens here is that they get an extra browser\n",
              "         * selection when dragging, if this check fails to catch them.\n",
              "         */\n",
              "        var UA = navigator.userAgent;\n",
              "        var isWebKit = /AppleWebKit/.test(UA) && !/Chrome/.test(UA);\n",
              "        if(isWebKit) {\n",
              "            return function (event) {\n",
              "                /* This prevents the web browser from automatically changing to\n",
              "                 * the text insertion cursor when the button is pressed. We\n",
              "                 * want to control all of the cursor setting manually through\n",
              "                 * the 'cursor' event from matplotlib */\n",
              "                event.preventDefault()\n",
              "                return fig.mouse_event(event, name);\n",
              "            };\n",
              "        } else {\n",
              "            return function (event) {\n",
              "                return fig.mouse_event(event, name);\n",
              "            };\n",
              "        }\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    canvas_div.addEventListener(\n",
              "        'mousedown',\n",
              "        on_mouse_event_closure('button_press')\n",
              "    );\n",
              "    canvas_div.addEventListener(\n",
              "        'mouseup',\n",
              "        on_mouse_event_closure('button_release')\n",
              "    );\n",
              "    canvas_div.addEventListener(\n",
              "        'dblclick',\n",
              "        on_mouse_event_closure('dblclick')\n",
              "    );\n",
              "    // Throttle sequential mouse events to 1 every 20ms.\n",
              "    canvas_div.addEventListener(\n",
              "        'mousemove',\n",
              "        on_mouse_event_closure('motion_notify')\n",
              "    );\n",
              "\n",
              "    canvas_div.addEventListener(\n",
              "        'mouseenter',\n",
              "        on_mouse_event_closure('figure_enter')\n",
              "    );\n",
              "    canvas_div.addEventListener(\n",
              "        'mouseleave',\n",
              "        on_mouse_event_closure('figure_leave')\n",
              "    );\n",
              "\n",
              "    canvas_div.addEventListener('wheel', function (event) {\n",
              "        if (event.deltaY < 0) {\n",
              "            event.step = 1;\n",
              "        } else {\n",
              "            event.step = -1;\n",
              "        }\n",
              "        on_mouse_event_closure('scroll')(event);\n",
              "    });\n",
              "\n",
              "    canvas_div.appendChild(canvas);\n",
              "    canvas_div.appendChild(rubberband_canvas);\n",
              "\n",
              "    this.rubberband_context = rubberband_canvas.getContext('2d');\n",
              "    this.rubberband_context.strokeStyle = '#000000';\n",
              "\n",
              "    this._resize_canvas = function (width, height, forward) {\n",
              "        if (forward) {\n",
              "            canvas_div.style.width = width + 'px';\n",
              "            canvas_div.style.height = height + 'px';\n",
              "        }\n",
              "    };\n",
              "\n",
              "    // Disable right mouse context menu.\n",
              "    canvas_div.addEventListener('contextmenu', function (_e) {\n",
              "        event.preventDefault();\n",
              "        return false;\n",
              "    });\n",
              "\n",
              "    function set_focus() {\n",
              "        canvas.focus();\n",
              "        canvas_div.focus();\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    window.setTimeout(set_focus, 100);\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype._init_toolbar = function () {\n",
              "    var fig = this;\n",
              "\n",
              "    var toolbar = document.createElement('div');\n",
              "    toolbar.classList = 'mpl-toolbar';\n",
              "    this.root.appendChild(toolbar);\n",
              "\n",
              "    function on_click_closure(name) {\n",
              "        return function (_event) {\n",
              "            return fig.toolbar_button_onclick(name);\n",
              "        };\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    function on_mouseover_closure(tooltip) {\n",
              "        return function (event) {\n",
              "            if (!event.currentTarget.disabled) {\n",
              "                return fig.toolbar_button_onmouseover(tooltip);\n",
              "            }\n",
              "        };\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    fig.buttons = {};\n",
              "    var buttonGroup = document.createElement('div');\n",
              "    buttonGroup.classList = 'mpl-button-group';\n",
              "    for (var toolbar_ind in mpl.toolbar_items) {\n",
              "        var name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][0];\n",
              "        var tooltip = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][1];\n",
              "        var image = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][2];\n",
              "        var method_name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][3];\n",
              "\n",
              "        if (!name) {\n",
              "            /* Instead of a spacer, we start a new button group. */\n",
              "            if (buttonGroup.hasChildNodes()) {\n",
              "                toolbar.appendChild(buttonGroup);\n",
              "            }\n",
              "            buttonGroup = document.createElement('div');\n",
              "            buttonGroup.classList = 'mpl-button-group';\n",
              "            continue;\n",
              "        }\n",
              "\n",
              "        var button = (fig.buttons[name] = document.createElement('button'));\n",
              "        button.classList = 'mpl-widget';\n",
              "        button.setAttribute('role', 'button');\n",
              "        button.setAttribute('aria-disabled', 'false');\n",
              "        button.addEventListener('click', on_click_closure(method_name));\n",
              "        button.addEventListener('mouseover', on_mouseover_closure(tooltip));\n",
              "\n",
              "        var icon_img = document.createElement('img');\n",
              "        icon_img.src = '_images/' + image + '.png';\n",
              "        icon_img.srcset = '_images/' + image + '_large.png 2x';\n",
              "        icon_img.alt = tooltip;\n",
              "        button.appendChild(icon_img);\n",
              "\n",
              "        buttonGroup.appendChild(button);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    if (buttonGroup.hasChildNodes()) {\n",
              "        toolbar.appendChild(buttonGroup);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    var fmt_picker = document.createElement('select');\n",
              "    fmt_picker.classList = 'mpl-widget';\n",
              "    toolbar.appendChild(fmt_picker);\n",
              "    this.format_dropdown = fmt_picker;\n",
              "\n",
              "    for (var ind in mpl.extensions) {\n",
              "        var fmt = mpl.extensions[ind];\n",
              "        var option = document.createElement('option');\n",
              "        option.selected = fmt === mpl.default_extension;\n",
              "        option.innerHTML = fmt;\n",
              "        fmt_picker.appendChild(option);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    var status_bar = document.createElement('span');\n",
              "    status_bar.classList = 'mpl-message';\n",
              "    toolbar.appendChild(status_bar);\n",
              "    this.message = status_bar;\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype.request_resize = function (x_pixels, y_pixels) {\n",
              "    // Request matplotlib to resize the figure. Matplotlib will then trigger a resize in the client,\n",
              "    // which will in turn request a refresh of the image.\n",
              "    this.send_message('resize', { width: x_pixels, height: y_pixels });\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype.send_message = function (type, properties) {\n",
              "    properties['type'] = type;\n",
              "    properties['figure_id'] = this.id;\n",
              "    this.ws.send(JSON.stringify(properties));\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype.send_draw_message = function () {\n",
              "    if (!this.waiting) {\n",
              "        this.waiting = true;\n",
              "        this.ws.send(JSON.stringify({ type: 'draw', figure_id: this.id }));\n",
              "    }\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_save = function (fig, _msg) {\n",
              "    var format_dropdown = fig.format_dropdown;\n",
              "    var format = format_dropdown.options[format_dropdown.selectedIndex].value;\n",
              "    fig.ondownload(fig, format);\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_resize = function (fig, msg) {\n",
              "    var size = msg['size'];\n",
              "    if (size[0] !== fig.canvas.width || size[1] !== fig.canvas.height) {\n",
              "        fig._resize_canvas(size[0], size[1], msg['forward']);\n",
              "        fig.send_message('refresh', {});\n",
              "    }\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_rubberband = function (fig, msg) {\n",
              "    var x0 = msg['x0'] / fig.ratio;\n",
              "    var y0 = (fig.canvas.height - msg['y0']) / fig.ratio;\n",
              "    var x1 = msg['x1'] / fig.ratio;\n",
              "    var y1 = (fig.canvas.height - msg['y1']) / fig.ratio;\n",
              "    x0 = Math.floor(x0) + 0.5;\n",
              "    y0 = Math.floor(y0) + 0.5;\n",
              "    x1 = Math.floor(x1) + 0.5;\n",
              "    y1 = Math.floor(y1) + 0.5;\n",
              "    var min_x = Math.min(x0, x1);\n",
              "    var min_y = Math.min(y0, y1);\n",
              "    var width = Math.abs(x1 - x0);\n",
              "    var height = Math.abs(y1 - y0);\n",
              "\n",
              "    fig.rubberband_context.clearRect(\n",
              "        0,\n",
              "        0,\n",
              "        fig.canvas.width / fig.ratio,\n",
              "        fig.canvas.height / fig.ratio\n",
              "    );\n",
              "\n",
              "    fig.rubberband_context.strokeRect(min_x, min_y, width, height);\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_figure_label = function (fig, msg) {\n",
              "    // Updates the figure title.\n",
              "    fig.header.textContent = msg['label'];\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_cursor = function (fig, msg) {\n",
              "    fig.canvas_div.style.cursor = msg['cursor'];\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_message = function (fig, msg) {\n",
              "    fig.message.textContent = msg['message'];\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_draw = function (fig, _msg) {\n",
              "    // Request the server to send over a new figure.\n",
              "    fig.send_draw_message();\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_image_mode = function (fig, msg) {\n",
              "    fig.image_mode = msg['mode'];\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_history_buttons = function (fig, msg) {\n",
              "    for (var key in msg) {\n",
              "        if (!(key in fig.buttons)) {\n",
              "            continue;\n",
              "        }\n",
              "        fig.buttons[key].disabled = !msg[key];\n",
              "        fig.buttons[key].setAttribute('aria-disabled', !msg[key]);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_navigate_mode = function (fig, msg) {\n",
              "    if (msg['mode'] === 'PAN') {\n",
              "        fig.buttons['Pan'].classList.add('active');\n",
              "        fig.buttons['Zoom'].classList.remove('active');\n",
              "    } else if (msg['mode'] === 'ZOOM') {\n",
              "        fig.buttons['Pan'].classList.remove('active');\n",
              "        fig.buttons['Zoom'].classList.add('active');\n",
              "    } else {\n",
              "        fig.buttons['Pan'].classList.remove('active');\n",
              "        fig.buttons['Zoom'].classList.remove('active');\n",
              "    }\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype.updated_canvas_event = function () {\n",
              "    // Called whenever the canvas gets updated.\n",
              "    this.send_message('ack', {});\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "// A function to construct a web socket function for onmessage handling.\n",
              "// Called in the figure constructor.\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype._make_on_message_function = function (fig) {\n",
              "    return function socket_on_message(evt) {\n",
              "        if (evt.data instanceof Blob) {\n",
              "            var img = evt.data;\n",
              "            if (img.type !== 'image/png') {\n",
              "                /* FIXME: We get \"Resource interpreted as Image but\n",
              "                 * transferred with MIME type text/plain:\" errors on\n",
              "                 * Chrome.  But how to set the MIME type?  It doesn't seem\n",
              "                 * to be part of the websocket stream */\n",
              "                img.type = 'image/png';\n",
              "            }\n",
              "\n",
              "            /* Free the memory for the previous frames */\n",
              "            if (fig.imageObj.src) {\n",
              "                (window.URL || window.webkitURL).revokeObjectURL(\n",
              "                    fig.imageObj.src\n",
              "                );\n",
              "            }\n",
              "\n",
              "            fig.imageObj.src = (window.URL || window.webkitURL).createObjectURL(\n",
              "                img\n",
              "            );\n",
              "            fig.updated_canvas_event();\n",
              "            fig.waiting = false;\n",
              "            return;\n",
              "        } else if (\n",
              "            typeof evt.data === 'string' &&\n",
              "            evt.data.slice(0, 21) === 'data:image/png;base64'\n",
              "        ) {\n",
              "            fig.imageObj.src = evt.data;\n",
              "            fig.updated_canvas_event();\n",
              "            fig.waiting = false;\n",
              "            return;\n",
              "        }\n",
              "\n",
              "        var msg = JSON.parse(evt.data);\n",
              "        var msg_type = msg['type'];\n",
              "\n",
              "        // Call the  \"handle_{type}\" callback, which takes\n",
              "        // the figure and JSON message as its only arguments.\n",
              "        try {\n",
              "            var callback = fig['handle_' + msg_type];\n",
              "        } catch (e) {\n",
              "            console.log(\n",
              "                \"No handler for the '\" + msg_type + \"' message type: \",\n",
              "                msg\n",
              "            );\n",
              "            return;\n",
              "        }\n",
              "\n",
              "        if (callback) {\n",
              "            try {\n",
              "                // console.log(\"Handling '\" + msg_type + \"' message: \", msg);\n",
              "                callback(fig, msg);\n",
              "            } catch (e) {\n",
              "                console.log(\n",
              "                    \"Exception inside the 'handler_\" + msg_type + \"' callback:\",\n",
              "                    e,\n",
              "                    e.stack,\n",
              "                    msg\n",
              "                );\n",
              "            }\n",
              "        }\n",
              "    };\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "function getModifiers(event) {\n",
              "    var mods = [];\n",
              "    if (event.ctrlKey) {\n",
              "        mods.push('ctrl');\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    if (event.altKey) {\n",
              "        mods.push('alt');\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    if (event.shiftKey) {\n",
              "        mods.push('shift');\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    if (event.metaKey) {\n",
              "        mods.push('meta');\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    return mods;\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "/*\n",
              " * return a copy of an object with only non-object keys\n",
              " * we need this to avoid circular references\n",
              " * https://stackoverflow.com/a/24161582/3208463\n",
              " */\n",
              "function simpleKeys(original) {\n",
              "    return Object.keys(original).reduce(function (obj, key) {\n",
              "        if (typeof original[key] !== 'object') {\n",
              "            obj[key] = original[key];\n",
              "        }\n",
              "        return obj;\n",
              "    }, {});\n",
              "}\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype.mouse_event = function (event, name) {\n",
              "    if (name === 'button_press') {\n",
              "        this.canvas.focus();\n",
              "        this.canvas_div.focus();\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    // from https://stackoverflow.com/q/1114465\n",
              "    var boundingRect = this.canvas.getBoundingClientRect();\n",
              "    var x = (event.clientX - boundingRect.left) * this.ratio;\n",
              "    var y = (event.clientY - boundingRect.top) * this.ratio;\n",
              "\n",
              "    this.send_message(name, {\n",
              "        x: x,\n",
              "        y: y,\n",
              "        button: event.button,\n",
              "        step: event.step,\n",
              "        buttons: event.buttons,\n",
              "        modifiers: getModifiers(event),\n",
              "        guiEvent: simpleKeys(event),\n",
              "    });\n",
              "\n",
              "    return false;\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype._key_event_extra = function (_event, _name) {\n",
              "    // Handle any extra behaviour associated with a key event\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype.key_event = function (event, name) {\n",
              "    // Prevent repeat events\n",
              "    if (name === 'key_press') {\n",
              "        if (event.key === this._key) {\n",
              "            return;\n",
              "        } else {\n",
              "            this._key = event.key;\n",
              "        }\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    if (name === 'key_release') {\n",
              "        this._key = null;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    var value = '';\n",
              "    if (event.ctrlKey && event.key !== 'Control') {\n",
              "        value += 'ctrl+';\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    else if (event.altKey && event.key !== 'Alt') {\n",
              "        value += 'alt+';\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    else if (event.shiftKey && event.key !== 'Shift') {\n",
              "        value += 'shift+';\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    value += 'k' + event.key;\n",
              "\n",
              "    this._key_event_extra(event, name);\n",
              "\n",
              "    this.send_message(name, { key: value, guiEvent: simpleKeys(event) });\n",
              "    return false;\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype.toolbar_button_onclick = function (name) {\n",
              "    if (name === 'download') {\n",
              "        this.handle_save(this, null);\n",
              "    } else {\n",
              "        this.send_message('toolbar_button', { name: name });\n",
              "    }\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype.toolbar_button_onmouseover = function (tooltip) {\n",
              "    this.message.textContent = tooltip;\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "///////////////// REMAINING CONTENT GENERATED BY embed_js.py /////////////////\n",
              "// prettier-ignore\n",
              "var _JSXTOOLS_RESIZE_OBSERVER=function(A){var t,i=new WeakMap,n=new WeakMap,a=new WeakMap,r=new WeakMap,o=new Set;function s(e){if(!(this instanceof s))throw new TypeError(\"Constructor requires 'new' operator\");i.set(this,e)}function h(){throw new TypeError(\"Function is not a constructor\")}function c(e,t,i,n){e=0 in arguments?Number(arguments[0]):0,t=1 in arguments?Number(arguments[1]):0,i=2 in arguments?Number(arguments[2]):0,n=3 in arguments?Number(arguments[3]):0,this.right=(this.x=this.left=e)+(this.width=i),this.bottom=(this.y=this.top=t)+(this.height=n),Object.freeze(this)}function d(){t=requestAnimationFrame(d);var s=new WeakMap,p=new Set;o.forEach((function(t){r.get(t).forEach((function(i){var r=t instanceof window.SVGElement,o=a.get(t),d=r?0:parseFloat(o.paddingTop),f=r?0:parseFloat(o.paddingRight),l=r?0:parseFloat(o.paddingBottom),u=r?0:parseFloat(o.paddingLeft),g=r?0:parseFloat(o.borderTopWidth),m=r?0:parseFloat(o.borderRightWidth),w=r?0:parseFloat(o.borderBottomWidth),b=u+f,F=d+l,v=(r?0:parseFloat(o.borderLeftWidth))+m,W=g+w,y=r?0:t.offsetHeight-W-t.clientHeight,E=r?0:t.offsetWidth-v-t.clientWidth,R=b+v,z=F+W,M=r?t.width:parseFloat(o.width)-R-E,O=r?t.height:parseFloat(o.height)-z-y;if(n.has(t)){var k=n.get(t);if(k[0]===M&&k[1]===O)return}n.set(t,[M,O]);var S=Object.create(h.prototype);S.target=t,S.contentRect=new c(u,d,M,O),s.has(i)||(s.set(i,[]),p.add(i)),s.get(i).push(S)}))})),p.forEach((function(e){i.get(e).call(e,s.get(e),e)}))}return s.prototype.observe=function(i){if(i instanceof window.Element){r.has(i)||(r.set(i,new Set),o.add(i),a.set(i,window.getComputedStyle(i)));var n=r.get(i);n.has(this)||n.add(this),cancelAnimationFrame(t),t=requestAnimationFrame(d)}},s.prototype.unobserve=function(i){if(i instanceof window.Element&&r.has(i)){var n=r.get(i);n.has(this)&&(n.delete(this),n.size||(r.delete(i),o.delete(i))),n.size||r.delete(i),o.size||cancelAnimationFrame(t)}},A.DOMRectReadOnly=c,A.ResizeObserver=s,A.ResizeObserverEntry=h,A}; // eslint-disable-line\n",
              "mpl.toolbar_items = [[\"Home\", \"Reset original view\", \"fa fa-home\", \"home\"], [\"Back\", \"Back to previous view\", \"fa fa-arrow-left\", \"back\"], [\"Forward\", \"Forward to next view\", \"fa fa-arrow-right\", \"forward\"], [\"\", \"\", \"\", \"\"], [\"Pan\", \"Left button pans, Right button zooms\\nx/y fixes axis, CTRL fixes aspect\", \"fa fa-arrows\", \"pan\"], [\"Zoom\", \"Zoom to rectangle\\nx/y fixes axis\", \"fa fa-square-o\", \"zoom\"], [\"\", \"\", \"\", \"\"], [\"Download\", \"Download plot\", \"fa fa-floppy-o\", \"download\"]];\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.extensions = [\"eps\", \"jpeg\", \"pgf\", \"pdf\", \"png\", \"ps\", \"raw\", \"svg\", \"tif\", \"webp\"];\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.default_extension = \"png\";/* global mpl */\n",
              "\n",
              "var comm_websocket_adapter = function (comm) {\n",
              "    // Create a \"websocket\"-like object which calls the given IPython comm\n",
              "    // object with the appropriate methods. Currently this is a non binary\n",
              "    // socket, so there is still some room for performance tuning.\n",
              "    var ws = {};\n",
              "\n",
              "    ws.binaryType = comm.kernel.ws.binaryType;\n",
              "    ws.readyState = comm.kernel.ws.readyState;\n",
              "    function updateReadyState(_event) {\n",
              "        if (comm.kernel.ws) {\n",
              "            ws.readyState = comm.kernel.ws.readyState;\n",
              "        } else {\n",
              "            ws.readyState = 3; // Closed state.\n",
              "        }\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    comm.kernel.ws.addEventListener('open', updateReadyState);\n",
              "    comm.kernel.ws.addEventListener('close', updateReadyState);\n",
              "    comm.kernel.ws.addEventListener('error', updateReadyState);\n",
              "\n",
              "    ws.close = function () {\n",
              "        comm.close();\n",
              "    };\n",
              "    ws.send = function (m) {\n",
              "        //console.log('sending', m);\n",
              "        comm.send(m);\n",
              "    };\n",
              "    // Register the callback with on_msg.\n",
              "    comm.on_msg(function (msg) {\n",
              "        //console.log('receiving', msg['content']['data'], msg);\n",
              "        var data = msg['content']['data'];\n",
              "        if (data['blob'] !== undefined) {\n",
              "            data = {\n",
              "                data: new Blob(msg['buffers'], { type: data['blob'] }),\n",
              "            };\n",
              "        }\n",
              "        // Pass the mpl event to the overridden (by mpl) onmessage function.\n",
              "        ws.onmessage(data);\n",
              "    });\n",
              "    return ws;\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.mpl_figure_comm = function (comm, msg) {\n",
              "    // This is the function which gets called when the mpl process\n",
              "    // starts-up an IPython Comm through the \"matplotlib\" channel.\n",
              "\n",
              "    var id = msg.content.data.id;\n",
              "    // Get hold of the div created by the display call when the Comm\n",
              "    // socket was opened in Python.\n",
              "    var element = document.getElementById(id);\n",
              "    var ws_proxy = comm_websocket_adapter(comm);\n",
              "\n",
              "    function ondownload(figure, _format) {\n",
              "        window.open(figure.canvas.toDataURL());\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    var fig = new mpl.figure(id, ws_proxy, ondownload, element);\n",
              "\n",
              "    // Call onopen now - mpl needs it, as it is assuming we've passed it a real\n",
              "    // web socket which is closed, not our websocket->open comm proxy.\n",
              "    ws_proxy.onopen();\n",
              "\n",
              "    fig.parent_element = element;\n",
              "    fig.cell_info = mpl.find_output_cell(\"<div id='\" + id + \"'></div>\");\n",
              "    if (!fig.cell_info) {\n",
              "        console.error('Failed to find cell for figure', id, fig);\n",
              "        return;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    fig.cell_info[0].output_area.element.on(\n",
              "        'cleared',\n",
              "        { fig: fig },\n",
              "        fig._remove_fig_handler\n",
              "    );\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_close = function (fig, msg) {\n",
              "    var width = fig.canvas.width / fig.ratio;\n",
              "    fig.cell_info[0].output_area.element.off(\n",
              "        'cleared',\n",
              "        fig._remove_fig_handler\n",
              "    );\n",
              "    fig.resizeObserverInstance.unobserve(fig.canvas_div);\n",
              "\n",
              "    // Update the output cell to use the data from the current canvas.\n",
              "    fig.push_to_output();\n",
              "    var dataURL = fig.canvas.toDataURL();\n",
              "    // Re-enable the keyboard manager in IPython - without this line, in FF,\n",
              "    // the notebook keyboard shortcuts fail.\n",
              "    IPython.keyboard_manager.enable();\n",
              "    fig.parent_element.innerHTML =\n",
              "        '<img src=\"' + dataURL + '\" width=\"' + width + '\">';\n",
              "    fig.close_ws(fig, msg);\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype.close_ws = function (fig, msg) {\n",
              "    fig.send_message('closing', msg);\n",
              "    // fig.ws.close()\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype.push_to_output = function (_remove_interactive) {\n",
              "    // Turn the data on the canvas into data in the output cell.\n",
              "    var width = this.canvas.width / this.ratio;\n",
              "    var dataURL = this.canvas.toDataURL();\n",
              "    this.cell_info[1]['text/html'] =\n",
              "        '<img src=\"' + dataURL + '\" width=\"' + width + '\">';\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype.updated_canvas_event = function () {\n",
              "    // Tell IPython that the notebook contents must change.\n",
              "    IPython.notebook.set_dirty(true);\n",
              "    this.send_message('ack', {});\n",
              "    var fig = this;\n",
              "    // Wait a second, then push the new image to the DOM so\n",
              "    // that it is saved nicely (might be nice to debounce this).\n",
              "    setTimeout(function () {\n",
              "        fig.push_to_output();\n",
              "    }, 1000);\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype._init_toolbar = function () {\n",
              "    var fig = this;\n",
              "\n",
              "    var toolbar = document.createElement('div');\n",
              "    toolbar.classList = 'btn-toolbar';\n",
              "    this.root.appendChild(toolbar);\n",
              "\n",
              "    function on_click_closure(name) {\n",
              "        return function (_event) {\n",
              "            return fig.toolbar_button_onclick(name);\n",
              "        };\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    function on_mouseover_closure(tooltip) {\n",
              "        return function (event) {\n",
              "            if (!event.currentTarget.disabled) {\n",
              "                return fig.toolbar_button_onmouseover(tooltip);\n",
              "            }\n",
              "        };\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    fig.buttons = {};\n",
              "    var buttonGroup = document.createElement('div');\n",
              "    buttonGroup.classList = 'btn-group';\n",
              "    var button;\n",
              "    for (var toolbar_ind in mpl.toolbar_items) {\n",
              "        var name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][0];\n",
              "        var tooltip = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][1];\n",
              "        var image = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][2];\n",
              "        var method_name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][3];\n",
              "\n",
              "        if (!name) {\n",
              "            /* Instead of a spacer, we start a new button group. */\n",
              "            if (buttonGroup.hasChildNodes()) {\n",
              "                toolbar.appendChild(buttonGroup);\n",
              "            }\n",
              "            buttonGroup = document.createElement('div');\n",
              "            buttonGroup.classList = 'btn-group';\n",
              "            continue;\n",
              "        }\n",
              "\n",
              "        button = fig.buttons[name] = document.createElement('button');\n",
              "        button.classList = 'btn btn-default';\n",
              "        button.href = '#';\n",
              "        button.title = name;\n",
              "        button.innerHTML = '<i class=\"fa ' + image + ' fa-lg\"></i>';\n",
              "        button.addEventListener('click', on_click_closure(method_name));\n",
              "        button.addEventListener('mouseover', on_mouseover_closure(tooltip));\n",
              "        buttonGroup.appendChild(button);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    if (buttonGroup.hasChildNodes()) {\n",
              "        toolbar.appendChild(buttonGroup);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    // Add the status bar.\n",
              "    var status_bar = document.createElement('span');\n",
              "    status_bar.classList = 'mpl-message pull-right';\n",
              "    toolbar.appendChild(status_bar);\n",
              "    this.message = status_bar;\n",
              "\n",
              "    // Add the close button to the window.\n",
              "    var buttongrp = document.createElement('div');\n",
              "    buttongrp.classList = 'btn-group inline pull-right';\n",
              "    button = document.createElement('button');\n",
              "    button.classList = 'btn btn-mini btn-primary';\n",
              "    button.href = '#';\n",
              "    button.title = 'Stop Interaction';\n",
              "    button.innerHTML = '<i class=\"fa fa-power-off icon-remove icon-large\"></i>';\n",
              "    button.addEventListener('click', function (_evt) {\n",
              "        fig.handle_close(fig, {});\n",
              "    });\n",
              "    button.addEventListener(\n",
              "        'mouseover',\n",
              "        on_mouseover_closure('Stop Interaction')\n",
              "    );\n",
              "    buttongrp.appendChild(button);\n",
              "    var titlebar = this.root.querySelector('.ui-dialog-titlebar');\n",
              "    titlebar.insertBefore(buttongrp, titlebar.firstChild);\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype._remove_fig_handler = function (event) {\n",
              "    var fig = event.data.fig;\n",
              "    if (event.target !== this) {\n",
              "        // Ignore bubbled events from children.\n",
              "        return;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "    fig.close_ws(fig, {});\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype._root_extra_style = function (el) {\n",
              "    el.style.boxSizing = 'content-box'; // override notebook setting of border-box.\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype._canvas_extra_style = function (el) {\n",
              "    // this is important to make the div 'focusable\n",
              "    el.setAttribute('tabindex', 0);\n",
              "    // reach out to IPython and tell the keyboard manager to turn it's self\n",
              "    // off when our div gets focus\n",
              "\n",
              "    // location in version 3\n",
              "    if (IPython.notebook.keyboard_manager) {\n",
              "        IPython.notebook.keyboard_manager.register_events(el);\n",
              "    } else {\n",
              "        // location in version 2\n",
              "        IPython.keyboard_manager.register_events(el);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype._key_event_extra = function (event, _name) {\n",
              "    // Check for shift+enter\n",
              "    if (event.shiftKey && event.which === 13) {\n",
              "        this.canvas_div.blur();\n",
              "        // select the cell after this one\n",
              "        var index = IPython.notebook.find_cell_index(this.cell_info[0]);\n",
              "        IPython.notebook.select(index + 1);\n",
              "    }\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.figure.prototype.handle_save = function (fig, _msg) {\n",
              "    fig.ondownload(fig, null);\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "mpl.find_output_cell = function (html_output) {\n",
              "    // Return the cell and output element which can be found *uniquely* in the notebook.\n",
              "    // Note - this is a bit hacky, but it is done because the \"notebook_saving.Notebook\"\n",
              "    // IPython event is triggered only after the cells have been serialised, which for\n",
              "    // our purposes (turning an active figure into a static one), is too late.\n",
              "    var cells = IPython.notebook.get_cells();\n",
              "    var ncells = cells.length;\n",
              "    for (var i = 0; i < ncells; i++) {\n",
              "        var cell = cells[i];\n",
              "        if (cell.cell_type === 'code') {\n",
              "            for (var j = 0; j < cell.output_area.outputs.length; j++) {\n",
              "                var data = cell.output_area.outputs[j];\n",
              "                if (data.data) {\n",
              "                    // IPython >= 3 moved mimebundle to data attribute of output\n",
              "                    data = data.data;\n",
              "                }\n",
              "                if (data['text/html'] === html_output) {\n",
              "                    return [cell, data, j];\n",
              "                }\n",
              "            }\n",
              "        }\n",
              "    }\n",
              "};\n",
              "\n",
              "// Register the function which deals with the matplotlib target/channel.\n",
              "// The kernel may be null if the page has been refreshed.\n",
              "if (IPython.notebook.kernel !== null) {\n",
              "    IPython.notebook.kernel.comm_manager.register_target(\n",
              "        'matplotlib',\n",
              "        mpl.mpl_figure_comm\n",
              "    );\n",
              "}\n"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {}
        },
        {
          "output_type": "display_data",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "<IPython.core.display.HTML object>"
            ],
            "text/html": [
              "<div id='f31d62df-bc79-48cd-a598-3d1be00363d3'></div>"
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          },
          "metadata": {}
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}