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<!doctype html>
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<title>City of Troy, Michigan — Library Funding Analysis (FY2000–FY2025)</title>
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<main class="wrap">
<header class="page">
<h1>City of Troy — Public Library Funding Analysis, FY2000 – FY2025</h1>
<p class="subtitle">Revenue, operating expenditures, and capital spending as reported in the City's Comprehensive / Annual Comprehensive Financial Reports.</p>
</header>
<section class="exec">
<h2>Executive summary</h2>
<p>If the City's capital needs were truly as dire as currently framed, you would expect to see growing transfers from the Library Fund into the Capital Projects Fund. You don't. Yet over the same period, operating expenditures — the cost of <em>running</em> the library — have ballooned from <strong>$2.1 M in FY2012 to $6.1 M in FY2025</strong>. That's an additional ~$4 M per year flowing into the library, while transfers to the Capital Projects Fund have remained roughly flat as a share of revenue. Where is all of this additional money actually going?</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Overview</h2>
<p>The City of Troy reports its public library finances differently in three
distinct eras. This page summarizes where library figures live in each ACFR,
reproduces the year-by-year totals from FY2000 through FY2025, and answers
the question of whether the City breaks library spending into operating vs.
capital expense.</p>
<div class="callout">
<strong>Where Library figures live:</strong>
<br>FY2000 – FY2011: line item inside the <em>General Fund</em> (under Culture & Recreation), titled <em>Library</em> or <em>Library and museum</em>.
<br>FY2012 – FY2025: dedicated <em>Library Fund</em> (special revenue fund) backed by a voter-approved millage. Each ACFR contains a standalone <em>Budgetary Comparison Schedule – Library Fund</em>.
</div>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Library Fund — revenue and spending by fiscal year</h2>
<p class="legend">All figures are <em>actual</em> (not budget). Dollars. "Transfers out" is the Library Fund's contribution to the Capital Projects Fund, which the City uses to acquire collections and fund library facility work. The first percentage in each value cell is that item as a share of that fiscal year's revenue. In the Operating Expenditures column, the third line shows <span class="yoy-up">OpEx year-over-year change (green when up)</span> / <span class="cpi">US CPI-U, June-over-June</span>.</p>
<table>
<caption>Library revenue and expenditures, FY2010 – FY2025</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>FY</th>
<th>Reporting fund</th>
<th class="num">Total revenue</th>
<th class="num">Operating expenditures<br><small>("Recreation & culture")</small></th>
<th class="num">Transfers out<br><small>→ Capital Projects Fund</small></th>
<th>ACFR page</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr><td>2010</td><td>General Fund (line item)</td><td class="num note">— pooled —</td><td class="num">3,905,927<small class="yoy"><span class="yoy-down">—</span> / <span class="cpi">+1.1%</span></small></td><td class="num">—</td><td>p. 17</td></tr>
<tr><td>2011</td><td>General Fund (line item)</td><td class="num note">— pooled —</td><td class="num">2,288,355<small class="yoy"><span class="yoy-down">−41.4%</span> / <span class="cpi">+3.6%</span></small></td><td class="num">—</td><td>scanned (OCR)</td></tr>
<tr><td>2012</td><td><strong>Library Fund</strong></td><td class="num">3,355,935</td><td class="num">2,135,100<br><small class="pct">63.6% of rev</small><small class="yoy"><span class="yoy-down">−6.7%</span> / <span class="cpi">+1.7%</span></small></td><td class="num">467,911<br><small class="pct">13.9% of rev</small></td><td>p. 96</td></tr>
<tr><td>2013</td><td>Library Fund</td><td class="num">3,295,993</td><td class="num">2,266,410<br><small class="pct">68.8% of rev</small><small class="yoy"><span class="yoy-up">+6.2%</span> / <span class="cpi">+1.8%</span></small></td><td class="num">590,556<br><small class="pct">17.9% of rev</small></td><td>p. 99</td></tr>
<tr><td>2014</td><td>Library Fund</td><td class="num">3,338,997</td><td class="num">2,436,972<br><small class="pct">73.0% of rev</small><small class="yoy"><span class="yoy-up">+7.5%</span> / <span class="cpi">+2.1%</span></small></td><td class="num">638,751<br><small class="pct">19.1% of rev</small></td><td>p. 108</td></tr>
<tr><td>2015</td><td>Library Fund</td><td class="num">3,441,898</td><td class="num">2,663,090<br><small class="pct">77.4% of rev</small><small class="yoy"><span class="yoy-up">+9.3%</span> / <span class="cpi">+0.1%</span></small></td><td class="num">776,218<br><small class="pct">22.6% of rev</small></td><td>p. 111</td></tr>
<tr><td>2016</td><td>Library Fund</td><td class="num">3,487,221</td><td class="num">2,729,910<br><small class="pct">78.3% of rev</small><small class="yoy"><span class="yoy-up">+2.5%</span> / <span class="cpi">+1.0%</span></small></td><td class="num">748,970<br><small class="pct">21.5% of rev</small></td><td>p. 114</td></tr>
<tr><td>2017</td><td>Library Fund</td><td class="num">3,466,434</td><td class="num">2,866,410<br><small class="pct">82.7% of rev</small><small class="yoy"><span class="yoy-up">+5.0%</span> / <span class="cpi">+1.6%</span></small></td><td class="num">806,363<br><small class="pct">23.3% of rev</small></td><td>p. 116</td></tr>
<tr><td>2018</td><td>Library Fund</td><td class="num">3,550,377</td><td class="num">2,957,814<br><small class="pct">83.3% of rev</small><small class="yoy"><span class="yoy-up">+3.2%</span> / <span class="cpi">+2.9%</span></small></td><td class="num">773,912<br><small class="pct">21.8% of rev</small></td><td>p. 119</td></tr>
<tr><td>2019</td><td>Library Fund</td><td class="num">3,657,318</td><td class="num">3,192,416<br><small class="pct">87.3% of rev</small><small class="yoy"><span class="yoy-up">+7.9%</span> / <span class="cpi">+1.6%</span></small></td><td class="num">917,827<br><small class="pct">25.1% of rev</small></td><td>p. 124</td></tr>
<tr><td>2020</td><td>Library Fund</td><td class="num">3,752,734</td><td class="num">3,114,340<br><small class="pct">83.0% of rev</small><small class="yoy"><span class="yoy-down">−2.4%</span> / <span class="cpi">+0.6%</span></small></td><td class="num">595,000<br><small class="pct">15.9% of rev</small></td><td>p. 125</td></tr>
<tr><td>2021</td><td>Library Fund</td><td class="num">3,762,700</td><td class="num">3,294,231<br><small class="pct">87.5% of rev</small><small class="yoy"><span class="yoy-up">+5.8%</span> / <span class="cpi">+5.4%</span></small></td><td class="num">611,369<br><small class="pct">16.2% of rev</small></td><td>p. 125</td></tr>
<tr><td>2022</td><td>Library Fund</td><td class="num">6,011,656</td><td class="num">3,960,758<br><small class="pct">65.9% of rev</small><small class="yoy"><span class="yoy-up">+20.2%</span> / <span class="cpi">+9.1%</span></small></td><td class="num">932,890<br><small class="pct">15.5% of rev</small></td><td>p. 124</td></tr>
<tr><td>2023</td><td>Library Fund</td><td class="num">6,509,570</td><td class="num">4,432,739<br><small class="pct">68.1% of rev</small><small class="yoy"><span class="yoy-up">+11.9%</span> / <span class="cpi">+3.0%</span></small></td><td class="num">904,545<br><small class="pct">13.9% of rev</small></td><td>p. 97</td></tr>
<tr><td>2024</td><td>Library Fund</td><td class="num">7,211,588</td><td class="num">5,247,367<br><small class="pct">72.8% of rev</small><small class="yoy"><span class="yoy-up">+18.4%</span> / <span class="cpi">+3.0%</span></small></td><td class="num">1,093,529<br><small class="pct">15.2% of rev</small></td><td>p. 93</td></tr>
<tr><td>2025</td><td>Library Fund</td><td class="num">7,753,540</td><td class="num">6,067,487<br><small class="pct">78.3% of rev</small><small class="yoy"><span class="yoy-up">+15.6%</span> / <span class="cpi">+2.7%</span></small></td><td class="num">1,159,339<br><small class="pct">15.0% of rev</small></td><td>p. 92</td></tr>
<tr class="totals"><td><strong>Total</strong><br><small>FY2012–25</small></td><td><em>Library Fund only</em></td><td class="num"><strong>62,595,961</strong></td><td class="num"><strong>47,365,044</strong></td><td class="num"><strong>11,017,180</strong></td><td> </td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p class="legend"><strong>Reading the percentages:</strong> "% of rev" is that year's value divided by that year's Library Fund revenue. The remainder (100% − OpEx% − Transfers%) is the net change in Library Fund balance for that year. The total row covers only the years the Library Fund has existed (FY2012 – FY2025); FY2010 and FY2011 are shown for historical context but have no isolated revenue.</p>
<p class="legend"><strong>YoY vs CPI:</strong> The FY2011 drop and FY2012 step-down straddle fund-structure changes (Library and museum moved out of the General Fund into a new Library Fund; museum operations split off). FY2013 onward is a clean year-over-year comparison within the Library Fund. CPI-U source: <a href="https://www.bls.gov/news.release/cpi.nr0.htm">U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, CPI-U, 12-month change at June</a>.</p>
<p>Property taxes are the dominant revenue source every year (~90%+ once
the Library Fund exists). The remainder is State aid, library fines and fees,
charges for services, and investment earnings. The step-up in FY2022 reflects
a renewed/expanded library millage — Library Fund property tax revenue jumps
from $3.5 M (FY2021) to $5.85 M (FY2022).</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Is Library spending broken into CapEx vs. OpEx?</h2>
<p>Not on a single page. The presentation depends on the era:</p>
<div class="era">
<h3>Era 1 — FY2000 to FY2002 <span class="pill">explicit Library CapEx line</span></h3>
<p>The Capital Projects Fund's <em>Statement of Revenues, Expenditures and Changes in Fund Balance — Budget and Actual</em> breaks capital expenditures out by function, and one of those functions is <strong>"Library and museum."</strong> This is the only era where you can read library CapEx straight off a single page.</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr><th>FY</th><th class="num">Library & Museum CapEx (actual)</th><th class="num">Budget</th><th>Source</th></tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr><td>2000</td><td class="num">533,940</td><td class="num">976,856</td><td>CAFR p. 91 (Capital Projects Fund)</td></tr>
<tr><td>2001</td><td class="num">337,276</td><td class="num">659,440</td><td>CAFR p. 91</td></tr>
<tr><td>2002</td><td class="num">903,739</td><td class="num">1,556,733</td><td>CAFR p. 95</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="era">
<h3>Era 2 — FY2003 to FY2011 <span class="pill">CapEx aggregated</span></h3>
<p>Starting FY2003, the Capital Projects Fund's budgetary schedule collapses all function-level capital lines into a single <strong>"Capital outlay"</strong> line — likely tied to GASB 34 implementation. Library CapEx is no longer separately visible at the fund level. However, library book acquisitions continue and are visible in the <em>capital assets footnote</em> (Notes to Financial Statements) as the dedicated line <strong>"Library books / audio-visual."</strong></p>
<table>
<caption>Library book / AV additions (capitalized, from capital-asset rollforward)</caption>
<thead>
<tr><th>FY</th><th class="num">Library book additions</th></tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr><td>2003</td><td class="num">417,419</td></tr>
<tr><td>2004</td><td class="num">735,040</td></tr>
<tr><td>2005</td><td class="num">734,289</td></tr>
<tr><td>2006</td><td class="num">740,014</td></tr>
<tr><td>2007</td><td class="num">707,456</td></tr>
<tr><td>2008</td><td class="num">732,107</td></tr>
<tr><td>2009</td><td class="num">739,872</td></tr>
<tr><td>2010</td><td class="num">709,227</td></tr>
<tr><td>2011</td><td class="num">296,778</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>These purchases were expensed at the fund level inside the General Fund's <em>Library and museum</em> operating budget and capitalized at the government-wide level. They <strong>did not</strong> flow through the Capital Projects Fund during this era.</p>
</div>
<div class="era">
<h3>Era 3 — FY2012 onward <span class="pill">CapEx via transfers to Capital Projects Fund</span></h3>
<p>After the dedicated library millage created the Library Fund in FY2012, library CapEx is once again routed through the Capital Projects Fund, but now via <em>Transfers Out</em> from the Library Fund (the rightmost column of the table at the top of this page — $468 K to $1.16 M per year). Big projects (e.g., FY2020 library roof replacement, ~$1.2 M; FY2023–25 renovations) and ongoing collection purchases use this conduit.</p>
</div>
<p><strong>Within the Library Fund schedule itself, expenditures are reported as a single "Current — Recreation and culture" line.</strong> That is the operating budget (staff, materials, utilities, programs). There is no separate "Capital outlay" line inside the Library Fund. To reconstruct a CapEx vs. OpEx view, add the Library Fund's operating expenditures (OpEx) and its Transfers Out to Capital Projects (CapEx proxy).</p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Pattern: where did Library CapEx flow, decade by decade?</h2>
<table>
<thead>
<tr><th>Era</th><th>Years</th><th>Library CapEx routing</th><th>Visibility in ACFR</th></tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>1</td>
<td>FY2000 – FY2002</td>
<td>Capital Projects Fund, dedicated "Library and museum" line</td>
<td>Direct, single-page</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2</td>
<td>FY2003 – FY2011</td>
<td>General Fund operating budget (books); large facility work buried in aggregated Capital Projects Fund "Capital outlay"</td>
<td>Only via capital-asset footnote</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>3</td>
<td>FY2012 – present</td>
<td>Library Fund → Transfers Out → Capital Projects Fund</td>
<td>Library Fund's Transfers Out column</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Total identifiable Library CapEx, FY2000 – FY2025</h2>
<p class="legend">Each row shows the best CapEx figure that can be read out of that year's ACFR. The three eras measure different things, so this total is a <em>floor</em> — caveats below the table.</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>FY</th>
<th class="num">Identifiable Library CapEx</th>
<th>What this row captures</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr><td>2000</td><td class="num">533,940</td><td>Capital Projects Fund — "Library and museum" line</td></tr>
<tr><td>2001</td><td class="num">337,276</td><td>Capital Projects Fund — "Library and museum" line</td></tr>
<tr><td>2002</td><td class="num">903,739</td><td>Capital Projects Fund — "Library and museum" line</td></tr>
<tr><td>2003</td><td class="num">417,419</td><td>"Library books / AV" additions (capital-asset rollforward)</td></tr>
<tr><td>2004</td><td class="num">735,040</td><td>Library books / AV additions</td></tr>
<tr><td>2005</td><td class="num">734,289</td><td>Library books / AV additions</td></tr>
<tr><td>2006</td><td class="num">740,014</td><td>Library books / AV additions</td></tr>
<tr><td>2007</td><td class="num">707,456</td><td>Library books / AV additions</td></tr>
<tr><td>2008</td><td class="num">732,107</td><td>Library books / AV additions</td></tr>
<tr><td>2009</td><td class="num">739,872</td><td>Library books / AV additions</td></tr>
<tr><td>2010</td><td class="num">709,227</td><td>Library books / AV additions</td></tr>
<tr><td>2011</td><td class="num">296,778</td><td>Library books / AV additions</td></tr>
<tr><td>2012</td><td class="num">467,911</td><td>Library Fund → Transfers Out to Capital Projects Fund</td></tr>
<tr><td>2013</td><td class="num">590,556</td><td>Library Fund transfers out</td></tr>
<tr><td>2014</td><td class="num">638,751</td><td>Library Fund transfers out</td></tr>
<tr><td>2015</td><td class="num">776,218</td><td>Library Fund transfers out</td></tr>
<tr><td>2016</td><td class="num">748,970</td><td>Library Fund transfers out</td></tr>
<tr><td>2017</td><td class="num">806,363</td><td>Library Fund transfers out</td></tr>
<tr><td>2018</td><td class="num">773,912</td><td>Library Fund transfers out</td></tr>
<tr><td>2019</td><td class="num">917,827</td><td>Library Fund transfers out</td></tr>
<tr><td>2020</td><td class="num">595,000</td><td>Library Fund transfers out <span class="note">(see note 3)</span></td></tr>
<tr><td>2021</td><td class="num">611,369</td><td>Library Fund transfers out</td></tr>
<tr><td>2022</td><td class="num">932,890</td><td>Library Fund transfers out</td></tr>
<tr><td>2023</td><td class="num">904,545</td><td>Library Fund transfers out</td></tr>
<tr><td>2024</td><td class="num">1,093,529</td><td>Library Fund transfers out</td></tr>
<tr><td>2025</td><td class="num">1,159,339</td><td>Library Fund transfers out</td></tr>
</tbody>
<tbody>
<tr><td><strong>Era 1 subtotal</strong></td><td class="num"><strong>1,774,955</strong></td><td>FY2000 – FY2002</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Era 2 subtotal</strong></td><td class="num"><strong>5,812,202</strong></td><td>FY2003 – FY2011</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Era 3 subtotal</strong></td><td class="num"><strong>11,017,180</strong></td><td>FY2012 – FY2025</td></tr>
<tr><td><strong>Grand total</strong></td><td class="num"><strong>$18,604,337</strong></td><td>26 fiscal years</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="callout">
<strong>The $18.6 M is a floor, not a ceiling.</strong> What's missing from this total:
<ol style="margin: 8px 0 0 20px; padding: 0;">
<li><strong>Era 1 (FY2000 – FY2002):</strong> The Capital Projects Fund line covers facility and equipment work for library <em>and</em> museum, but library <em>collection</em> purchases that flowed through the General Fund's Library operating budget — and were capitalized at the government-wide level — are not in this number. From the capital-asset rollforward, FY2000 alone shows $1.48 M of library-book additions, far above the $534 K booked in Capital Projects.</li>
<li><strong>Era 2 (FY2003 – FY2011):</strong> Captures only book / AV additions. Any library facility or equipment CapEx during this era is hidden inside the Capital Projects Fund's aggregated "Capital outlay" line (~$11–56 M/yr across all functions) and cannot be isolated from the ACFR alone.</li>
<li><strong>Era 3 (FY2012 – FY2025):</strong> The Library Fund transfers do not include General Fund or other contributions to library capital projects. The clearest example: <strong>FY2020 library roof replacement — $1.2 M actual</strong>, funded mainly by a $2.0 M General Fund contribution to the Capital Projects Fund, on top of the Library Fund's $595 K transfer that year.</li>
</ol>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Source documents</h2>
<p>All CAFRs / ACFRs as published by the City of Troy, MI. Files are mirrored in this repo where size permits; the three oversized scanned PDFs (FY2000 – FY2002, 33–34 MB each) link to the City's CMS.</p>
<h3>FY2000s</h3>
<ul class="report-grid">
<li><a class="external" href="https://cms6.revize.com/revize/citytroymi/2000%20CAFR.pdf"><span class="yr">FY2000</span><small>CAFR · 34 MB · City CMS</small></a></li>
<li><a class="external" href="https://cms6.revize.com/revize/citytroymi/2001%20CAFR.pdf"><span class="yr">FY2001</span><small>CAFR · 33 MB · City CMS</small></a></li>
<li><a class="external" href="https://cms6.revize.com/revize/citytroymi/2002%20CAFR.pdf"><span class="yr">FY2002</span><small>CAFR · 34 MB · City CMS</small></a></li>
<li><a href="reports/CAFR_2003.pdf"><span class="yr">FY2003</span><small>CAFR</small></a></li>
<li><a href="reports/CAFR_2004.pdf"><span class="yr">FY2004</span><small>CAFR</small></a></li>
<li><a href="reports/CAFR_2005.pdf"><span class="yr">FY2005</span><small>CAFR</small></a></li>
<li><a href="reports/CAFR_2006.pdf"><span class="yr">FY2006</span><small>CAFR</small></a></li>
<li><a href="reports/CAFR_2007.pdf"><span class="yr">FY2007</span><small>CAFR</small></a></li>
<li><a href="reports/ACFR_2008.pdf"><span class="yr">FY2008</span><small>ACFR</small></a></li>
<li><a href="reports/ACFR_2009.pdf"><span class="yr">FY2009</span><small>ACFR</small></a></li>
</ul>
<h3>FY2010s</h3>
<ul class="report-grid">
<li><a href="reports/ACFR_2010.pdf"><span class="yr">FY2010</span><small>ACFR</small></a></li>
<li><a href="reports/ACFR_2011.pdf"><span class="yr">FY2011</span><small>ACFR · scanned</small></a></li>
<li><a href="reports/ACFR_2012.pdf"><span class="yr">FY2012</span><small>ACFR</small></a></li>
<li><a href="reports/ACFR_2013.pdf"><span class="yr">FY2013</span><small>ACFR</small></a></li>
<li><a href="reports/ACFR_2014.pdf"><span class="yr">FY2014</span><small>ACFR</small></a></li>
<li><a href="reports/ACFR_2015.pdf"><span class="yr">FY2015</span><small>ACFR</small></a></li>
<li><a href="reports/ACFR_2016.pdf"><span class="yr">FY2016</span><small>ACFR</small></a></li>
<li><a href="reports/ACFR_2017.pdf"><span class="yr">FY2017</span><small>ACFR</small></a></li>
<li><a href="reports/ACFR_2018.pdf"><span class="yr">FY2018</span><small>ACFR</small></a></li>
<li><a href="reports/ACFR_2019.pdf"><span class="yr">FY2019</span><small>ACFR</small></a></li>
</ul>
<h3>FY2020s</h3>
<ul class="report-grid">
<li><a href="reports/ACFR_2020.pdf"><span class="yr">FY2020</span><small>ACFR</small></a></li>
<li><a href="reports/ACFR_2021.pdf"><span class="yr">FY2021</span><small>ACFR</small></a></li>
<li><a href="reports/ACFR_2022.pdf"><span class="yr">FY2022</span><small>ACFR</small></a></li>
<li><a href="reports/ACFR_2023.pdf"><span class="yr">FY2023</span><small>ACFR</small></a></li>
<li><a href="reports/ACFR_2024.pdf"><span class="yr">FY2024</span><small>ACFR</small></a></li>
<li><a href="reports/ACFR_2025.pdf"><span class="yr">FY2025</span><small>ACFR</small></a></li>
</ul>
</section>
<footer class="page">
<p>Source: <a href="https://troymi.gov/departments/city_manager/financial_services/financial_documents.php">City of Troy, MI — Financial Services / Financial Documents</a>.</p>
<p>Analysis prepared from text extraction of the published CAFRs / ACFRs. FY2011 ACFR is a scanned PDF; figures from that year were extracted via OCR. All other figures were read directly from machine-readable PDFs and cross-checked against page numbers cited above.</p>
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