Replace black with ruff

This replaces the `black` with `ruff` as linter and formatter:
- Ruff is faster and more accurate
- There are more rules enabled in Ruff than in Black
- Ruff is more configurable and has more options

> [!WARNING]
> This will cause a lot of changes to the codebase.
> This commit is ignoring those changes for now.

Author: z-a-f

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -1,11 +1,14 @@
 repos:
-  # Using this mirror lets us use mypyc-compiled black, which is about 2x faster
-  - repo: https://github.com/psf/black-pre-commit-mirror
-    rev: 24.4.2
-    hooks:
-      - id: black
-        # It is recommended to specify the latest version of Python
-        # supported by your project here, or alternatively use
-        # pre-commit's default_language_version, see
-        # https://pre-commit.com/#top_level-default_language_version
-        language_version: python3.12
+- repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit-hooks
+  rev: v6.0.0
+  hooks:
+  - id: trailing-whitespace
+  - id: end-of-file-fixer
+  - id: check-yaml
+  - id: check-added-large-files
+- repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
+  rev: v0.15.4
+  hooks:
+    - id: ruff-check
+      args: [ --config=ruff.toml --fix ]
+    - id: ruff-format