fix(java): fix xlang register type by id (#2591)

<!--
**Thanks for contributing to Apache Fory™.**

**If this is your first time opening a PR on fory, you can refer to
[CONTRIBUTING.md](https://github.com/apache/fory/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md).**

Contribution Checklist

- The **Apache Fory™** community has requirements on the naming of pr
titles. You can also find instructions in
[CONTRIBUTING.md](https://github.com/apache/fory/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md).

- Apache Fory™ has a strong focus on performance. If the PR you submit
will have an impact on performance, please benchmark it first and
provide the benchmark result here.
-->

## Why?

<!-- Describe the purpose of this PR. -->

## What does this PR do?

<!-- Describe the details of this PR. -->

## Related issues

<!--
Is there any related issue? If this PR closes them you say say
fix/closes:

- #xxxx0
- #xxxx1
- Fixes #xxxx2
-->

## Does this PR introduce any user-facing change?

<!--
If any user-facing interface changes, please [open an
issue](https://github.com/apache/fory/issues/new/choose) describing the
need to do so and update the document if necessary.

Delete section if not applicable.
-->

- [ ] Does this PR introduce any public API change?
- [ ] Does this PR introduce any binary protocol compatibility change?

## Benchmark

<!--
When the PR has an impact on performance (if you don't know whether the
PR will have an impact on performance, you can submit the PR first, and
if it will have impact on performance, the code reviewer will explain
it), be sure to attach a benchmark data here.

Delete section if not applicable.
-->

Author: chaokunyang

java/fory-core/src/main/java/org/apache/fory/resolver/XtypeResolver.java

@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong;
 import org.apache.fory.Fory;
+import org.apache.fory.annotation.Internal;
 import org.apache.fory.collection.IdentityMap;
 import org.apache.fory.collection.IdentityObjectIntMap;
 import org.apache.fory.collection.LongMap;
@@ -139,11 +140,10 @@ public void register(Class<?> type) {
     register(type, xtypeIdGenerator++);
   }
 
-  public void register(Class<?> type, int typeId) {
+  public void register(Class<?> type, int userTypeId) {
     // ClassInfo[] has length of max type id. If the type id is too big, Fory will waste many
-    // memory.
-    // We can relax this limit in the future.
-    Preconditions.checkArgument(typeId < MAX_TYPE_ID, "Too big type id %s", typeId);
+    // memory. We can relax this limit in the future.
+    Preconditions.checkArgument(userTypeId < MAX_TYPE_ID, "Too big type id %s", userTypeId);
     ClassInfo classInfo = classInfoMap.get(type);
     if (type.isArray()) {
       buildClassInfo(type);
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ public void register(Class<?> type, int typeId) {
                 type, prevNamespace, prevTypeName));
       }
     }
-    int xtypeId = typeId;
+    int xtypeId = userTypeId;
     if (type.isEnum()) {
       xtypeId = (xtypeId << 8) + Types.ENUM;
     } else {
@@ -175,6 +175,8 @@ public void register(Class<?> type, int typeId) {
         } else {
           xtypeId = (xtypeId << 8) + Types.EXT;
         }
+      } else {
+        xtypeId = (xtypeId << 8) + Types.STRUCT;
       }
     }
     register(
@@ -242,6 +244,28 @@ private void register(
     xtypeIdToClassMap.put(xtypeId, classInfo);
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Register type with given type id and serializer for type in fory type system.
+   *
+   * <p>Do not use this method to register custom type in java type system. Use {@link
+   * #register(Class, String, String)} or {@link #register(Class, int)} instead.
+   *
+   * @param type type to register.
+   * @param serializer serializer to register.
+   * @param typeId type id to register.
+   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if type id is too big.
+   */
+  @Internal
+  public void registerForyType(Class<?> type, Serializer serializer, int typeId) {
+    Preconditions.checkArgument(typeId < MAX_TYPE_ID, "Too big type id %s", typeId);
+    register(
+        type,
+        serializer,
+        ReflectionUtils.getPackage(type),
+        ReflectionUtils.getClassNameWithoutPackage(type),
+        typeId);
+  }
+
   private boolean isStructType(Serializer serializer) {
     if (serializer instanceof ObjectSerializer || serializer instanceof GeneratedSerializer) {
       return true;

java/fory-core/src/test/java/org/apache/fory/CrossLanguageTest.java

@@ -497,6 +497,21 @@ public void testSerializeSimpleStruct() throws Exception {
     structRoundBack(fory, obj2, "test_serialize_simple_struct");
   }
 
+  @Test
+  public void testRegisterById() throws Exception {
+    Fory fory =
+        Fory.builder()
+            .withLanguage(Language.XLANG)
+            .withRefTracking(true)
+            .requireClassRegistration(false)
+            .build();
+    fory.register(ComplexObject2.class, 100);
+    ComplexObject2 obj2 = new ComplexObject2();
+    obj2.f1 = true;
+    obj2.f2 = new HashMap<>(ImmutableMap.of((byte) -1, 2));
+    structRoundBack(fory, obj2, "test_register_by_id");
+  }
+
   public void testSerializeComplexStruct() throws Exception {
     Fory fory =
         Fory.builder()

java/fory-format/src/main/java/org/apache/fory/format/vectorized/ArrowSerializers.java

@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@
 import org.apache.fory.memory.MemoryBuffer;
 import org.apache.fory.memory.MemoryUtils;
 import org.apache.fory.memory.Platform;
+import org.apache.fory.resolver.XtypeResolver;
 import org.apache.fory.serializer.BufferObject;
 import org.apache.fory.serializer.Serializers.CrossLanguageCompatibleSerializer;
 import org.apache.fory.type.Types;
@@ -167,10 +168,14 @@ public MemoryBuffer toBuffer() {
 
   public static void registerSerializers(Fory fory) {
     if (fory.isCrossLanguage()) {
-      fory.register(ArrowTable.class, Types.ARROW_TABLE);
-      fory.register(VectorSchemaRoot.class, Types.ARROW_RECORD_BATCH);
+      XtypeResolver resolver = fory.getXtypeResolver();
+      resolver.registerForyType(
+          ArrowTable.class, new ArrowTableSerializer(fory), Types.ARROW_TABLE);
+      resolver.registerForyType(
+          VectorSchemaRoot.class, new VectorSchemaRootSerializer(fory), Types.ARROW_RECORD_BATCH);
+    } else {
+      fory.registerSerializer(ArrowTable.class, new ArrowTableSerializer(fory));
+      fory.registerSerializer(VectorSchemaRoot.class, new VectorSchemaRootSerializer(fory));
     }
-    fory.registerSerializer(ArrowTable.class, new ArrowTableSerializer(fory));
-    fory.registerSerializer(VectorSchemaRoot.class, new VectorSchemaRootSerializer(fory));
   }
 }

python/pyfory/tests/test_cross_language.py

@@ -462,6 +462,14 @@ def test_serialize_simple_struct(data_file_path):
     struct_round_back(data_file_path, fory, obj)
 
 
+@cross_language_test
+def test_register_by_id(data_file_path):
+    fory = pyfory.Fory(language=pyfory.Language.XLANG, ref_tracking=True)
+    fory.register_type(ComplexObject2, type_id=100)
+    obj = ComplexObject2(f1=True, f2={-1: 2})
+    struct_round_back(data_file_path, fory, obj)
+
+
 class SomeClass:
     f1: "SomeClass"
     f2: Dict[str, str]