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+# CLAUDE.md
+
+This file provides guidance to Claude Code (claude.ai/code) when working with code in this repository.
+
+## Project Overview
+
+Kiwi is a Redis-compatible key-value database built in Rust. It uses RocksDB as the persistent storage backend and integrates OpenRaft for distributed consensus and high availability. The server defaults to `127.0.0.1:7379`.
+
+## Prerequisites
+
+- Rust toolchain (stable)
+- `protoc` (protobuf compiler) — installed by CI on all platforms. Install via `brew install protobuf` (macOS) or `apt install protobuf-compiler` (Linux).
+
+## Build & Development Commands
+
+```bash
+# Build
+cargo build                    # Debug build
+cargo build --release          # Release build
+
+# Run
+cargo run --bin kiwi           # Run server (debug)
+cargo run --release --bin kiwi # Run server (release)
+
+# Test
+cargo test                     # All unit tests
+cargo test --package storage   # Tests for a specific crate
+cargo test test_redis_mset     # Run a single test by name
+
+# Lint & Format
+make lint                      # clippy with all warnings as errors + unwrap_used denied
+make fmt                       # Format all code
+make fmt-check                 # Check formatting without modifying
+```
+
+The lint command enforces: `cargo clippy --all-features --workspace -- -D warnings -D clippy::unwrap_used`
+
+## Lint Rules
+
+- **`clippy::unwrap_used` is denied project-wide.** Use `expect()` with a descriptive message, or propagate errors with `?`/`Result`. Never use `.unwrap()`.
+  - In test code, add `#![allow(clippy::unwrap_used)]` at the top of the test module or `#[allow(clippy::unwrap_used)]` on individual test functions.
+- `clippy::dbg_macro` and `clippy::implicit_clone` are warnings (see `[workspace.lints.clippy]` in root Cargo.toml).
+- All new `.rs` files must include the Apache 2.0 license header (enforced by CI via `skywalking-eyes`). Copy the header from any existing source file.
+
+## PR Title Convention
+
+PR titles must follow conventional commits format (enforced by CI):
+```
+type(scope): description
+```
+Allowed types: `feat`, `fix`, `test`, `refactor`, `chore`, `upgrade`, `bump`, `style`, `docs`, `perf`, `build`, `ci`, `revert`
+
+## Architecture
+
+### Workspace Crates
+
+```
+src/server/    → Entry point (main.rs): CLI args, runtime init, server startup
+src/net/       → Network layer: TCP server, connection handling, cluster routing
+src/cmd/       → Command definitions: Cmd trait, CmdMeta, command table
+src/executor/  → Command executor: tokio async task pool via async_channel
+src/storage/   → Storage layer: multi-instance RocksDB, column families, TTL
+src/engine/    → Engine trait abstraction over RocksDB
+src/resp/      → RESP protocol: parser, encoder, RespData types
+src/raft/      → Raft consensus: OpenRaft integration, state machine, router
+src/conf/      → Configuration: TOML loading, validation, ClusterConfig
+src/client/    → Client context: connection state, argv, reply buffer
+src/common/runtime/ → Runtime management: async channel between net & storage
+src/common/macro/   → Proc macros: #[stack_trace_debug] for error types
+src/kstd/      → Utilities: LockMgr (sharded key-level locking), slice, status
+```
+
+### Runtime Architecture
+
+Network I/O and storage operations communicate via an **async message channel**. The `RuntimeManager` (in `src/common/runtime/`) manages the lifecycle. The network side uses a `StorageClient` to send requests; the `StorageServer` receives them, executes against RocksDB, and responds via oneshot channels.
+
+### Request Flow
+
+```
+Client → TCP accept (net) → RESP parse (resp) → Command lookup (cmd table)
+  → CmdExecutor async tasks (executor) → Cmd.execute() → Storage ops (storage/engine)
+  → RESP encode response → write back to client
+```
+
+In cluster mode, write commands route through `RequestRouter → RaftNode.propose()` for consensus before applying to the state machine.
+
+### Command System
+
+Commands implement the `Cmd` trait (`src/cmd/src/lib.rs`):
+- `meta()` → CmdMeta (name, arity, flags like WRITE/READONLY/RAFT)
+- `clone_box()` → Box<dyn Cmd> (required for cloning trait objects)
+- `do_initial(&self, client)` → validate args, set client key
+- `do_cmd(&self, client, storage)` → business logic
+
+To add a new command:
+1. Create `src/cmd/src/yourcommand.rs` — define a struct with `CmdMeta`, implement `Cmd` using `impl_cmd_meta!()` and `impl_cmd_clone_box!()` macros
+2. Add `pub mod yourcommand;` in `src/cmd/src/lib.rs`
+3. Register it in `src/cmd/src/table.rs` via `register_cmd!(cmd_table, YourCmd)`
+
+### Storage Model
+
+`Storage` holds multiple `Redis` instances (default 3), each backed by a RocksDB database with 6 column families:
+- `MetaCF`: metadata & strings
+- `HashesDataCF`, `SetsDataCF`, `ListsDataCF`, `ZsetsDataCF`, `ZsetsScoreCF`
+
+A `SlotIndexer` hashes keys to distribute across instances. `LockMgr` provides sharded key-level locking for consistency.
+
+### Raft Integration
+
+`src/raft/` bridges Kiwi with OpenRaft via an adaptor pattern:
+- `RaftNode` wraps the OpenRaft instance
+- `KiwiStateMachine` applies committed entries to storage
+- `RequestRouter` routes commands based on cluster mode and consistency level (Eventual, Strong, Linearizable)
+- `RaftStorage` persists Raft logs to RocksDB
+
+## CI
+
+CI runs on Linux, macOS, and Windows:
+1. License header check (skywalking-eyes)
+2. `cargo fmt --check`
+3. `make lint` (clippy)
+4. `make build` + `make test`
+5. Python integration tests (Ubuntu only, requires running server)
+
+## Testing
+
+- **Unit tests**: In each crate, run with `cargo test --package <crate>` (e.g. storage, cmd, executor, raft)
+- **Integration tests**: `tests/` directory contains Rust integration tests and Python tests (`tests/python/`)
+- **Python integration tests** require a running Kiwi server and `pip install redis pytest`:
+  ```bash
+  # Terminal 1: start server
+  cargo run --bin kiwi
+  # Terminal 2: run tests
+  pytest tests/python/ -v
+  ```
+- Storage tests use `tempfile::tempdir()` for isolated RocksDB instances — see `src/storage/src/util.rs` for `unique_test_db_path()` and `safe_cleanup_test_db()`
+
+## Gotchas
+
+- **RocksDB fork**: The project uses `arana-db/rust-rocksdb` (pinned to a specific rev), not the official `rust-rocksdb` crate. This fork adds TablePropertiesCollector FFI functions. See comment in root `Cargo.toml` near the `rocksdb` dependency.
+- **Binary name is `kiwi`**, not `server` — defined in `src/server/Cargo.toml` as `[[bin]] name = "kiwi"`.