programming/1-variables-slides.html

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Programming 1. Variables</title><meta property="og:title" content="Programming 1. 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/*!
 * Marp default theme.
 *
 * @theme default
 * @author Yuki Hattori
 *
 * @auto-scaling true
 * @size 16:9 1280px 720px
 * @size 4:3 960px 720px
 */div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section 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:where(.hljs-operator),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-selector-attr),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-selector-class),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-selector-id),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-variable){color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-constant)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-meta .hljs-string),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-regexp),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-string){color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-string)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-built_in),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-symbol){color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-variable)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-code),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section 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footer{bottom:21px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section{--h1-color:#246;--header-footer-color:hsla(0,0%,40%,.75);--heading-strong-color:#48c;--paginate-color:#777;align-items:stretch;display:flex;flex-flow:column 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class="bespoke-marp-osc"><button data-bespoke-marp-osc="prev" tabindex="-1" title="Previous slide">Previous slide</button><span data-bespoke-marp-osc="page"></span><button data-bespoke-marp-osc="next" tabindex="-1" title="Next slide">Next slide</button><button data-bespoke-marp-osc="fullscreen" tabindex="-1" title="Toggle fullscreen (f)">Toggle fullscreen</button><button data-bespoke-marp-osc="presenter" tabindex="-1" title="Open presenter view (p)">Open presenter view</button></div><div id=":$p"><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="1" data-paginate="true" data-class="invert" data-heading-divider="3" lang="en-US" class="invert" data-marpit-pagination="1" style="--paginate:true;--class:invert;--heading-divider:3;" data-marpit-pagination-total="13">
<h1 id="1-variables">1. Variables</h1>
</section>
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<h2 id="about-c">About C#</h2>
<ul>
<li data-marpit-fragment="1">C# is a general-purpose object-oriented language</li>
<li data-marpit-fragment="2">Created by Microsoft in 2000 as a competitor for Java</li>
<li data-marpit-fragment="3">Syntax
<ul>
<li data-marpit-fragment="4">Pretty much everything will be inside a class</li>
<li data-marpit-fragment="5">Curly brackets <code>{</code> and <code>}</code> mark the <strong>bodies</strong> of statements
<ul>
<li data-marpit-fragment="6">Namespaces, classes, functions...</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-marpit-fragment="7">Semicolon at the end of most statements
<ul>
<li data-marpit-fragment="8">VS code tells if it's missing!</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
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<h3 id="c-syntax-example">C# syntax example</h3>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-c#"><span class="hljs-keyword">using</span> System;

<span class="hljs-keyword">namespace</span> <span class="hljs-title">MyAwesomeProgram</span>
{
    <span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">Program</span>
    {
        <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">Main</span>(<span class="hljs-params"><span class="hljs-built_in">string</span>[] args</span>)</span>
        {
            Console.WriteLine(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;Hello World!&quot;</span>);
        }
    }
}
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li data-marpit-fragment="1">In Unity, we don't (necessarily) have to deal with namespaces.</li>
</ul>
</section>
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<h2 id="variable-declaration">Variable declaration</h2>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-c#"><span class="hljs-built_in">int</span> number = <span class="hljs-number">1</span>;
</code></pre>
<ol>
<li data-marpit-fragment="1">Modifiers (not necessary)</li>
<li data-marpit-fragment="2">Type declaration</li>
<li data-marpit-fragment="3">Variable name</li>
<li data-marpit-fragment="4">Initial value (not necessary) after <code>=</code></li>
<li data-marpit-fragment="5">Line ending with <code>;</code></li>
</ol>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="5" data-marpit-fragments="6" data-paginate="true" data-class="invert" data-heading-divider="3" lang="en-US" class="invert" data-marpit-pagination="5" style="--paginate:true;--class:invert;--heading-divider:3;" data-marpit-pagination-total="13">
<h2 id="commenting">Commenting</h2>
<ul>
<li data-marpit-fragment="1">one line<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-c#"><span class="hljs-comment">// one line comment</span>
</code></pre>
</li>
<li data-marpit-fragment="2">multiline<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-c#"><span class="hljs-comment">/* this is a
multi-line
comment */</span>
</code></pre>
</li>
<li data-marpit-fragment="3">Comments are not executed</li>
<li data-marpit-fragment="4">Use to
<ol>
<li data-marpit-fragment="5">explain your intent</li>
<li data-marpit-fragment="6">comment out actual code for testing and debugging</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="6" data-marpit-fragments="4" data-paginate="true" data-class="invert" data-heading-divider="3" lang="en-US" class="invert" data-marpit-pagination="6" style="--paginate:true;--class:invert;--heading-divider:3;" data-marpit-pagination-total="13">
<h2 id="the-most-important-variable-types">The most important variable types</h2>
<ul>
<li data-marpit-fragment="1"><code>bool</code>: truth value (true / false)</li>
</ul>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-c#"><span class="hljs-built_in">bool</span> booleanValue = <span class="hljs-literal">true</span>;
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li data-marpit-fragment="2"><code>int</code>: whole number</li>
</ul>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-c#"><span class="hljs-built_in">int</span> wholeNumberValue = <span class="hljs-number">3</span>;
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li data-marpit-fragment="3"><code>double</code> &amp; <code>float</code>: decimal number (double = double precision)</li>
</ul>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-c#"><span class="hljs-built_in">float</span> numberValue = <span class="hljs-number">3.0f</span>;
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li data-marpit-fragment="4"><code>string</code>: text field</li>
</ul>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-c#"><span class="hljs-built_in">string</span> text = <span class="hljs-string">&quot;text is here&quot;</span>;
</code></pre>
</section>
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<h2 id="modifiers">Modifiers</h2>
<ul>
<li data-marpit-fragment="1">A common modifier to add in front of a variable is <code>const</code>, short for constant</li>
<li data-marpit-fragment="2">If we know that a value of a variable is never going to change during the execution of the script, we can set it to <code>const</code>:<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-c#"><span class="hljs-keyword">const</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">string</span> text = <span class="hljs-string">&quot;I never change!&quot;</span>;
</code></pre>
</li>
<li data-marpit-fragment="3">Other modifiers include <a href="6-classes-methods#access-modifiers">access modifiers</a>.</li>
</ul>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="8" data-marpit-fragments="9" data-paginate="true" data-class="invert" data-heading-divider="3" lang="en-US" class="invert" data-marpit-pagination="8" style="--paginate:true;--class:invert;--heading-divider:3;" data-marpit-pagination-total="13">
<h2 id="unity-console">Unity Console</h2>
<ul>
<li data-marpit-fragment="1">Console Window
<ul>
<li data-marpit-fragment="2">Error messages</li>
<li data-marpit-fragment="3">Debug messages</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-marpit-fragment="4"><code>Debug.Log(textVariable)</code>
<ul>
<li data-marpit-fragment="5">Use it to print stuff into the console</li>
<li data-marpit-fragment="6">As the name suggests, it's used for <em>debugging</em></li>
<li data-marpit-fragment="7">You can print other variable types as well, not only strings!</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-marpit-fragment="8"><code>Debug.LogWarning()</code></li>
<li data-marpit-fragment="9"><code>Debug.LogError()</code></li>
</ul>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section data-paginate="true" data-class="invert" data-heading-divider="3" lang="en-US" class="invert" data-marpit-pagination="9" style="--paginate:true;--class:invert;--heading-divider:3;" data-marpit-pagination-total="13" data-marpit-advanced-background="background"><div data-marpit-advanced-background-container="true" data-marpit-advanced-background-direction="horizontal"><figure style="background-image:url(&quot;imgs/debug-log.png&quot;);background-size:50% auto;"></figure></div></section></foreignObject><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="9" data-paginate="true" data-class="invert" data-heading-divider="3" lang="en-US" class="invert" data-marpit-pagination="9" style="--paginate:true;--class:invert;--heading-divider:3;" data-marpit-pagination-total="13" data-marpit-advanced-background="content"></section>
</foreignObject><foreignObject width="1280" height="720" data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo"><section data-paginate="true" data-class="invert" data-heading-divider="3" lang="en-US" class="invert" data-marpit-pagination="9" style="" data-marpit-pagination-total="13" data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo"></section></foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="10" data-marpit-fragments="4" data-paginate="true" data-class="invert" data-heading-divider="3" lang="en-US" class="invert" data-marpit-pagination="10" style="--paginate:true;--class:invert;--heading-divider:3;" data-marpit-pagination-total="13">
<h2 id="basic-arithmetic-operations">Basic arithmetic operations</h2>
<ul>
<li data-marpit-fragment="1"><code>+</code> (addition)</li>
<li data-marpit-fragment="2"><code>-</code> (subtraction)</li>
<li data-marpit-fragment="3"><code>*</code> (multiplication)</li>
<li data-marpit-fragment="4"><code>/</code> (division)</li>
</ul>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section data-marpit-fragments="3" data-paginate="true" data-class="invert" data-background-color="#5d275d" data-heading-divider="3" lang="en-US" class="invert" data-marpit-pagination="11" style="--paginate:true;--class:invert;--background-color:#5d275d;--heading-divider:3;background-color:#5d275d;background-image:none;--marpit-advanced-background-split:30%;" data-marpit-pagination-total="13" data-marpit-advanced-background="background" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="right"><div data-marpit-advanced-background-container="true" data-marpit-advanced-background-direction="horizontal"><figure style="background-image:url(&quot;imgs/modulo.png&quot;);background-size:auto 80%;"></figure></div></section></foreignObject><foreignObject width="70%" height="720"><section id="11" data-marpit-fragments="3" data-paginate="true" data-class="invert" data-background-color="#5d275d" data-heading-divider="3" lang="en-US" class="invert" data-marpit-pagination="11" style="--paginate:true;--class:invert;--background-color:#5d275d;--heading-divider:3;background-color:#5d275d;background-image:none;--marpit-advanced-background-split:30%;" data-marpit-pagination-total="13" data-marpit-advanced-background="content" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="right">
<h2 id="extra-modulo-operator">Extra: Modulo operator</h2>

<ul>
<li data-marpit-fragment="1"><code>%</code>
<ul>
<li data-marpit-fragment="2">modulo operator (remainder)</li>
<li data-marpit-fragment="3">great for looping a range</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
</foreignObject><foreignObject width="1280" height="720" data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo"><section data-marpit-fragments="3" data-paginate="true" data-class="invert" data-background-color="#5d275d" data-heading-divider="3" lang="en-US" class="invert" data-marpit-pagination="11" style="" data-marpit-pagination-total="13" data-marpit-advanced-background="pseudo" data-marpit-advanced-background-split="right"></section></foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="12" data-marpit-fragments="5" data-paginate="true" data-class="invert" data-background-color="#29366f" data-heading-divider="3" lang="en-US" class="invert" data-marpit-pagination="12" style="--paginate:true;--class:invert;--background-color:#29366f;--heading-divider:3;background-color:#29366f;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="13">
<h2 id="exercise-1-trying-out-variables">Exercise 1: Trying out variables</h2>

<ul>
<li data-marpit-fragment="1">
<p>Create a new Unity project for simple programming exercises.</p>
</li>
<li data-marpit-fragment="2">
<p>Create a new C# script component inside an empty GameObject.</p>
</li>
<li data-marpit-fragment="3">
<p>Declare two variables <code>a</code> and <code>b</code> with the type <code>double</code>.</p>
</li>
<li data-marpit-fragment="4">
<p>In the <code>Start()</code> function, print to console four operations: the sum, difference, fraction and product.</p>
</li>
<li data-marpit-fragment="5">
<p>What happens if either of them is equal to zero?</p>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
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<h2 id="reading">Reading</h2>
<p>Microsoft's own <a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/language-reference/">C# Reference</a> is a great way to dive deeper into the language.</p>
<p>Some basics covering the syntax in C# are covered here:</p>
<ul>
<li data-marpit-fragment="1"><a href="https://sepeliry.github.io/c.html">Sepeli ry: C# (In Finnish)</a></li>
<li data-marpit-fragment="2"><a href="https://www.tutorialspoint.com/csharp/index.html">https://www.tutorialspoint.com/csharp/index.html</a></li>
<li data-marpit-fragment="3"><a href="https://www.w3schools.com/cs/default.asp">https://www.w3schools.com/cs/default.asp</a></li>
</ul>
</section>
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