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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Programming 6. Classes and methods</title><meta property="og:title" content="Programming 6. 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/*!
* Marp default theme.
*
* @theme default
* @author Yuki Hattori
*
* @auto-scaling true
* @size 16:9 1280px 720px
* @size 4:3 960px 720px
*/div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section 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.pl-md{background-color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-deleted-bg);color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-deleted-text)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .pl-mi1{background-color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-inserted-bg);color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-inserted-text)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .pl-mc{background-color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-changed-bg);color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-changed-text)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .pl-mi2{background-color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-ignored-bg);color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-ignored-text)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .pl-mdr{color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-meta-diff-range);font-weight:700}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .pl-ba{color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-brackethighlighter-angle)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .pl-sg{color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-sublimelinter-gutter-mark)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .pl-corl{color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-constant-other-reference-link);text-decoration:underline}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section g-emoji{display:inline-block;font-family:Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol;font-size:1em;font-style:normal!important;font-weight:var(--base-text-weight-normal,400);line-height:1;min-width:1ch;vertical-align:-.075em}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section g-emoji img{height:1em;width:1em}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .task-list-item{list-style-type:none}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .task-list-item label{font-weight:var(--base-text-weight-normal,400)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .task-list-item.enabled label{cursor:pointer}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .task-list-item+.task-list-item{margin-top:4px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .task-list-item .handle{display:none}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .task-list-item-checkbox{margin:0 .2em .25em -1.4em;vertical-align:middle}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .contains-task-list:dir(rtl) .task-list-item-checkbox{margin:0 -1.6em .25em .2em}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .contains-task-list{position:relative}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .contains-task-list:focus-within .task-list-item-convert-container,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section .contains-task-list:hover .task-list-item-convert-container{clip:auto;display:block;height:24px;overflow:visible;width:auto}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section ::-webkit-calendar-picker-indicator{filter:invert(50%)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h1,marp-h1){color:var(--h1-color);font-size:1.6em}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h1,marp-h1),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h2,marp-h2){border-bottom:none}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h2,marp-h2){font-size:1.3em}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h3,marp-h3){font-size:1.1em}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h4,marp-h4){font-size:1.05em}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h5,marp-h5){font-size:1em}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h6,marp-h6){font-size:.9em}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h1,marp-h1) strong,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h2,marp-h2) strong,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h3,marp-h3) strong,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h4,marp-h4) strong,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h5,marp-h5) strong,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h6,marp-h6) strong{color:var(--heading-strong-color);font-weight:inherit}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h1,marp-h1)::part(auto-scaling),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h2,marp-h2)::part(auto-scaling),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h3,marp-h3)::part(auto-scaling),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h4,marp-h4)::part(auto-scaling),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h5,marp-h5)::part(auto-scaling),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(h6,marp-h6)::part(auto-scaling){max-height:563px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section hr{height:0;padding-top:.25em}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre){border:1px solid var(--color-border-default);line-height:1.15;overflow:visible}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre)::part(auto-scaling){max-height:529px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs){color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-storage-modifier-import)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-doctag),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-keyword),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-meta .hljs-keyword),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-template-tag),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-template-variable),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-type),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-variable.language_){color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-keyword)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-title),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-title.class_),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-title.class_.inherited__),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-title.function_){color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-entity)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-attr),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-attribute),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-literal),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-meta),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-number),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-operator),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-selector-attr),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-selector-class),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-selector-id),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-variable){color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-constant)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-meta .hljs-string),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-regexp),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-string){color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-string)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-built_in),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-symbol){color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-variable)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-code),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-comment),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-formula){color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-comment)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-name),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-quote),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-selector-pseudo),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-selector-tag){color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-entity-tag)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-subst){color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-storage-modifier-import)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-section){color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-heading);font-weight:700}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-bullet){color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-list)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-emphasis){color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-italic);font-style:italic}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-strong){color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-bold);font-weight:700}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-addition){background-color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-inserted-bg);color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-inserted-text)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section :is(pre,marp-pre) :where(.hljs-deletion){background-color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-deleted-bg);color:var(--color-prettylights-syntax-markup-deleted-text)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section footer,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section header{color:var(--header-footer-color);font-size:18px;left:30px;margin:0;position:absolute}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section header{top:21px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section footer{bottom:21px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section{--h1-color:#246;--header-footer-color:hsla(0,0%,40%,.75);--heading-strong-color:#48c;--paginate-color:#777;align-items:stretch;display:flex;flex-flow:column nowrap;font-size:29px;height:720px;justify-content:center;padding:78.5px;width:1280px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section{--marpit-root-font-size:29px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section:where(.invert){--h1-color:#cee7ff;--header-footer-color:hsla(0,0%,60%,.75);--heading-strong-color:#7bf;--paginate-color:#999}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section>:last-child,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-footer]>:nth-last-child(2){margin-bottom:0}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section>:first-child,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section>header:first-child+*{margin-top:0}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section:after{bottom:21px;color:var(--paginate-color);font-size:24px;padding:0;position:absolute;right:30px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section:after{--marpit-root-font-size:24px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-color] :is(h1,marp-h1),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-color] :is(h2,marp-h2),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-color] :is(h3,marp-h3),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-color] :is(h4,marp-h4),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-color] :is(h5,marp-h5),div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-color] :is(h6,marp-h6){color:currentcolor}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-marpit-advanced-background=background]{columns:initial!important;display:block!important;padding:0!important}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-marpit-advanced-background=background]:after,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-marpit-advanced-background=background]:before,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-marpit-advanced-background=content]:after,div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-marpit-advanced-background=content]:before{display:none!important}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-marpit-advanced-background=background]>div[data-marpit-advanced-background-container]{all:initial;display:flex;flex-direction:row;height:100%;overflow:hidden;width:100%}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-marpit-advanced-background=background]>div[data-marpit-advanced-background-container][data-marpit-advanced-background-direction=vertical]{flex-direction:column}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-marpit-advanced-background=background][data-marpit-advanced-background-split]>div[data-marpit-advanced-background-container]{width:var(--marpit-advanced-background-split,50%)}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-marpit-advanced-background=background][data-marpit-advanced-background-split=right]>div[data-marpit-advanced-background-container]{margin-left:calc(100% - var(--marpit-advanced-background-split, 50%))}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-marpit-advanced-background=background]>div[data-marpit-advanced-background-container]>figure{all:initial;background-position:center;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:cover;flex:auto;margin:0}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-marpit-advanced-background=background]>div[data-marpit-advanced-background-container]>figure>figcaption{position:absolute;border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;white-space:nowrap;width:1px}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-marpit-advanced-background=content],div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-marpit-advanced-background=pseudo]{background:transparent!important}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-marpit-advanced-background=pseudo],div#\:\$p>svg[data-marpit-svg]>foreignObject[data-marpit-advanced-background=pseudo]{pointer-events:none!important}div#\:\$p>svg>foreignObject>section[data-marpit-advanced-background-split]{width:100%;height:100%}</style></head><body><div class="bespoke-marp-osc"><button data-bespoke-marp-osc="prev" tabindex="-1" title="Previous slide">Previous slide</button><span data-bespoke-marp-osc="page"></span><button data-bespoke-marp-osc="next" tabindex="-1" title="Next slide">Next slide</button><button data-bespoke-marp-osc="fullscreen" tabindex="-1" title="Toggle fullscreen (f)">Toggle fullscreen</button><button data-bespoke-marp-osc="presenter" tabindex="-1" title="Open presenter view (p)">Open presenter view</button></div><div id=":$p"><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="1" data-paginate="true" data-class="invert" data-heading-divider="3" lang="en-US" class="invert" data-marpit-pagination="1" style="--paginate:true;--class:invert;--heading-divider:3;" data-marpit-pagination-total="31">
<h1 id="6-classes-and-methods">6. Classes and methods</h1>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="2" data-marpit-fragments="8" data-paginate="true" data-class="invert" data-heading-divider="3" lang="en-US" class="invert" data-marpit-pagination="2" style="--paginate:true;--class:invert;--heading-divider:3;" data-marpit-pagination-total="31">
<h2 id="classes--objects">Classes & objects</h2>
<ul>
<li data-marpit-fragment="1"><em><strong>Classes</strong></em> are blueprints for specific kinds of collections of data & functionality
<ul>
<li data-marpit-fragment="2">E.g., an Enemy class tells what shared properties do all enemies have</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-marpit-fragment="3"><em><strong>Instance</strong></em> of a class is an implementation of that class
<ul>
<li data-marpit-fragment="4">"This certain enemy right here"</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-marpit-fragment="5">Classes can be very useful in game development</li>
<li data-marpit-fragment="6">C# is an object-oriented language (almost everything is a class)
<ul>
<li data-marpit-fragment="7">All Unity scripts contain a class by default!</li>
<li data-marpit-fragment="8">Usually, the term <em><strong>object</strong></em> also refers to an instance of a class</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="3" data-paginate="true" data-class="invert" data-heading-divider="3" lang="en-US" class="invert" data-marpit-pagination="3" style="--paginate:true;--class:invert;--heading-divider:3;" data-marpit-pagination-total="31">
<h3 id="unity-class-example">Unity class example</h3>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-c#"><span class="hljs-keyword">using</span> System.Collections;
<span class="hljs-keyword">using</span> System.Collections.Generic;
<span class="hljs-keyword">using</span> UnityEngine;
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">WrapAround</span> : <span class="hljs-title">MonoBehaviour</span>
{
<span class="hljs-comment">// Start is called before the first frame update</span>
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">Start</span>()</span>
{
}
<span class="hljs-comment">// Update is called once per frame</span>
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">Update</span>()</span>
{
}
}
</code></pre>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="4" data-marpit-fragments="3" data-paginate="true" data-class="invert" data-heading-divider="3" lang="en-US" class="invert" data-marpit-pagination="4" style="--paginate:true;--class:invert;--heading-divider:3;" data-marpit-pagination-total="31">
<h2 id="creating-a-class-from-scratch">Creating a class from scratch</h2>
<ul>
<li data-marpit-fragment="1">This is all you need for creating a class:<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-c#"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">Enemy</span>
{
}
</code></pre>
</li>
<li data-marpit-fragment="2">The curly braces <code>{}</code> define a new scope
<ul>
<li data-marpit-fragment="3">Everything inside them is inside the class</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="5" data-marpit-fragments="2" data-paginate="true" data-class="invert" data-heading-divider="3" lang="en-US" class="invert" data-marpit-pagination="5" style="--paginate:true;--class:invert;--heading-divider:3;" data-marpit-pagination-total="31">
<h3 id="fields">Fields</h3>
<ul>
<li data-marpit-fragment="1"><strong>Fields</strong> are variables inside the class<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-c#"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">Enemy</span>
{
<span class="hljs-built_in">int</span> HP; <span class="hljs-comment">// this is a field</span>
<span class="hljs-built_in">string</span> name = <span class="hljs-string">"Sanae"</span>; <span class="hljs-comment">// this is also a field</span>
}
</code></pre>
</li>
<li data-marpit-fragment="2">Fields can have initial values</li>
</ul>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="6" data-marpit-fragments="2" data-paginate="true" data-class="invert" data-heading-divider="3" lang="en-US" class="invert" data-marpit-pagination="6" style="--paginate:true;--class:invert;--heading-divider:3;" data-marpit-pagination-total="31">
<h3 id="methods">Methods</h3>
<ul>
<li data-marpit-fragment="1"><strong>Methods</strong> are functions inside the class<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-c#"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">Enemy</span>
{
<span class="hljs-built_in">int</span> HP;
<span class="hljs-built_in">string</span> name;
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">SetHP</span>() <span class="hljs-comment">// this is a method</span></span>
{
HP = <span class="hljs-number">4</span>;
}
}
</code></pre>
</li>
<li data-marpit-fragment="2">This function returns nothing, so its type is <code>void</code></li>
</ul>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="7" data-marpit-fragments="1" data-paginate="true" data-class="invert" data-heading-divider="3" lang="en-US" class="invert" data-marpit-pagination="7" style="--paginate:true;--class:invert;--heading-divider:3;" data-marpit-pagination-total="31">
<h3 id="about-functionality">About functionality</h3>
<ul>
<li data-marpit-fragment="1">You can declare fields and methods, but cannot have any functionality outside class methods<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-c#"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">Enemy</span>
{
<span class="hljs-built_in">int</span> HP;
<span class="hljs-built_in">string</span> name = <span class="hljs-string">"Sanae"</span>; <span class="hljs-comment">// this works (initial value)</span>
name = <span class="hljs-string">"Reimu"</span>; <span class="hljs-comment">// this doesn't work</span>
HP += <span class="hljs-number">4</span>; <span class="hljs-comment">// and neither does this. It needs to go inside a method</span>
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">AddHP</span>()</span>
{
HP += <span class="hljs-number">1</span>; <span class="hljs-comment">// see, like this</span>
}
}
</code></pre>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="8" data-marpit-fragments="3" data-paginate="true" data-class="invert" data-heading-divider="3" lang="en-US" class="invert" data-marpit-pagination="8" style="--paginate:true;--class:invert;--heading-divider:3;" data-marpit-pagination-total="31">
<h2 id="instantiating-a-class">Instantiating a class</h2>
<ul>
<li data-marpit-fragment="1">Instances of a class can be created with the <code>new</code> keyword</li>
<li data-marpit-fragment="2">Instances have the same fields and methods, but their <em>values</em> can be different<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-c#"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">Enemy</span>
{
<span class="hljs-built_in">int</span> HP;
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">Program</span>
{
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">CreateThreeEnemies</span>()</span>
{
Enemy enemy1 = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Enemy();
Enemy enemy2 = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Enemy();
Enemy enemy3 = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Enemy();
}
}
</code></pre>
</li>
<li data-marpit-fragment="3"><em><strong>NOTE:</strong></em> When creating new GameObjects, use <code>Instantiate()</code></li>
</ul>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="9" data-marpit-fragments="1" data-paginate="true" data-class="invert" data-heading-divider="3" lang="en-US" class="invert" data-marpit-pagination="9" style="--paginate:true;--class:invert;--heading-divider:3;" data-marpit-pagination-total="31">
<h2 id="object-variables">Object variables</h2>
<ul>
<li data-marpit-fragment="1">The variables inside of an object can be accessed with the dot <code>.</code> operator<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-c#"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">CreateThreeEnemies</span>()</span>
{
Enemy enemy1 = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Enemy();
Enemy enemy2 = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Enemy();
Enemy enemy3 = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Enemy();
enemy2.HP = <span class="hljs-number">4</span>; <span class="hljs-comment">// wait, this does not work!?</span>
}
</code></pre>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
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<h3 id="own-variables-of-the-class">Own variables of the class</h3>
<ul>
<li data-marpit-fragment="1">"dot scoping" is not needed when we're <em>inside</em> the class<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-c#"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">Enemy</span>
{
<span class="hljs-built_in">int</span> HP;
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">SetHP</span>()</span>
{
HP = <span class="hljs-number">4</span>; <span class="hljs-comment">// this works!</span>
}
}
</code></pre>
</li>
<li data-marpit-fragment="2">We can also use the keyword <code>this</code> to refer to the class we're in<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-c#"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">Enemy</span>
{
<span class="hljs-built_in">int</span> HP;
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">SetHP</span>()</span>
{
<span class="hljs-keyword">this</span>.HP = <span class="hljs-number">4</span>; <span class="hljs-comment">// "this" also works! :D</span>
}
}
</code></pre>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
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<h3 id="object-variables-fix-the-previous-example">Object variables: fix the previous example</h3>
<ul>
<li data-marpit-fragment="1">
<p>We could not change the Enemy HP from outside the class, because class members are <code>private</code> by default</p>
</li>
<li data-marpit-fragment="2">
<p>This can be changed with the <code>public</code> access modifier</p>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-c#"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">Enemy</span>
{
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">int</span> HP;
<span class="hljs-built_in">string</span> name;
}
</code></pre>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-c#">enemy2.HP = <span class="hljs-number">4</span>;
</code></pre>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="12" data-marpit-fragments="11" data-paginate="true" data-class="invert" data-heading-divider="3" lang="en-US" class="invert" data-marpit-pagination="12" style="--paginate:true;--class:invert;--heading-divider:3;" data-marpit-pagination-total="31">
<h2 id="access-modifiers">Access modifiers</h2>
<ul>
<li data-marpit-fragment="1"><a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/programming-guide/classes-and-structs/access-modifiers">C# Docs: Access modifiers</a></li>
<li data-marpit-fragment="2">Access modifiers can be used to give additional level of protection inside classes
<ul>
<li data-marpit-fragment="3"><code>public</code>
<ul>
<li data-marpit-fragment="4">Accessible and editable from anywhere</li>
<li data-marpit-fragment="5">In Unity, public properties are also editable in the Inspector</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-marpit-fragment="6"><code>private</code>
<ul>
<li data-marpit-fragment="7">Accessible only from within the class. it's the default, but we can make it more explicit by writing it out</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-marpit-fragment="8"><code>protected</code>
<ul>
<li data-marpit-fragment="9">Like <code>private</code>, but accessible also by the <em>inheritors</em> of the class</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-marpit-fragment="10"><code>virtual</code>
<ul>
<li data-marpit-fragment="11">Accessible and <em>overridable</em> by inheritors</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
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<h2 id="conventions">Conventions</h2>
<ul>
<li data-marpit-fragment="1"><a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/standard/design-guidelines/capitalization-conventions">C# Docs: Capitalization conventions</a></li>
<li data-marpit-fragment="2"><a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/fundamentals/coding-style/coding-conventions">C# Docs: Coding conventions</a></li>
<li data-marpit-fragment="3">Conventions are not mandatory, but following them makes for more readable code
<ul>
<li data-marpit-fragment="4">You can also have your own conventions: it's more important to write consistently than to write in a way Microsoft wants you to</li>
<li data-marpit-fragment="5">In a team project, it's better if everyone writes with the same conventions</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-marpit-fragment="6">My convention: Type and method names with PascalCase and variable names with camelCase
<ul>
<li data-marpit-fragment="7">type naming: <code>MyType</code></li>
<li data-marpit-fragment="8">public variable naming: <code>myVariable</code></li>
<li data-marpit-fragment="9">private variable naming: <code>_myPrivateVariable</code></li>
<li data-marpit-fragment="10">function naming: <code>MyFunction()</code></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
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<h2 id="class-methods">Class methods</h2>
<ul>
<li data-marpit-fragment="1">As seen in the Unity class example, classes can contain methods</li>
<li data-marpit-fragment="2">If the method is public, it can be called from outside of the class</li>
<li data-marpit-fragment="3">Here, a public method makes changes to a private property<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-c#"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">Enemy</span>
{
<span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">int</span> HP;
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">int</span> maxHP;
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">Heal</span>()</span>
{
HP = maxHP;
}
}
</code></pre>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-c#">Enemy enemy1 = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Enemy();
enemy.maxHP = <span class="hljs-number">2</span>;
enemy1.Heal();
</code></pre>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
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<h3 id="static-methods">Static methods</h3>
<ul>
<li data-marpit-fragment="1"><code>static</code> methods can be called without instantiating the class
<ul>
<li data-marpit-fragment="2">
<p>These methods can't change properties of a specific instance</p>
</li>
<li data-marpit-fragment="3">
<p>They're especially useful for implementing helper functions</p>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-c#"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">MathFunctions</span>
{
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">float</span> <span class="hljs-title">VectorLength</span>(<span class="hljs-params">Vector3 vector</span>)</span>
{
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> Mathf.Sqrt(vector.x^<span class="hljs-number">2</span> + vector.y^<span class="hljs-number">2</span> + vector.z^<span class="hljs-number">2</span>);
}
}
</code></pre>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-c#">Debug.Log(MathFunctions.VectorLength(transform.position));
</code></pre>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-marpit-fragment="4">See how we're calling the method by referencing the class itself, never having to use the <code>new</code> keyword</li>
</ul>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="16" data-marpit-fragments="1" data-paginate="true" data-class="invert" data-footer="https://forum.unity.com/threads/c-scenemanager-loadscene-does-not-reset-all-variables.405823/" data-heading-divider="3" lang="en-US" class="invert" data-marpit-pagination="16" style="--paginate:true;--class:invert;--footer:https://forum.unity.com/threads/c-scenemanager-loadscene-does-not-reset-all-variables.405823/;--heading-divider:3;" data-marpit-pagination-total="31">
<h3 id="warning-about-static-variables-in-unity">Warning about static variables in Unity</h3>
<ul>
<li data-marpit-fragment="1"><em><strong>Note:</strong></em> Static variables do not reset on <code>SceneManager.LoadScene("sceneWeAreAlreadyIn");</code><br />
<img src="imgs/no-statics.png" alt="" /></li>
</ul>
<footer><a href="https://forum.unity.com/threads/c-scenemanager-loadscene-does-not-reset-all-variables.405823/">https://forum.unity.com/threads/c-scenemanager-loadscene-does-not-reset-all-variables.405823/</a></footer>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="17" data-marpit-fragments="4" data-paginate="true" data-class="invert" data-heading-divider="3" lang="en-US" class="invert" data-marpit-pagination="17" style="--paginate:true;--class:invert;--heading-divider:3;" data-marpit-pagination-total="31">
<h2 id="static-classes">Static classes</h2>
<ul>
<li data-marpit-fragment="1"><a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/programming-guide/classes-and-structs/static-classes-and-static-class-members">C# Docs: Static classes and structs</a></li>
<li data-marpit-fragment="2">Even whole classes can be static, too</li>
<li data-marpit-fragment="3">Then you can call all methods and properties from the class without instantiating it</li>
<li data-marpit-fragment="4">Actually, you CAN'T instantiate a static class!</li>
</ul>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="18" data-paginate="true" data-class="invert" data-background-color="#29366f" data-footer="[About Inverse Lerp](https://www.gamedev.net/articles/programming/general-and-gameplay-programming/inverse-lerp-a-super-useful-yet-often-overlooked-function-r5230/)" data-heading-divider="3" lang="en-US" class="invert" data-marpit-pagination="18" style="--paginate:true;--class:invert;--background-color:#29366f;--footer:[About Inverse Lerp](https://www.gamedev.net/articles/programming/general-and-gameplay-programming/inverse-lerp-a-super-useful-yet-often-overlooked-function-r5230/);--heading-divider:3;background-color:#29366f;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="31">
<h2 id="exercise-1-class-for-helper-functions">Exercise 1. Class for helper functions</h2>
<p>Create a new Script class for math helper functions and properties (do not add it to any GameObject).</p>
<p>Add this <code>Remap</code> function there</p>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-c#">Remap(<span class="hljs-built_in">float</span> iMin, <span class="hljs-built_in">float</span> iMax, <span class="hljs-built_in">float</span> oMin, <span class="hljs-built_in">float</span> oMax, <span class="hljs-built_in">float</span> v)
{
<span class="hljs-built_in">float</span> t = Mathf.InverseLerp(iMin, iMax, v);
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> Mathf.Lerp(oMin, oMax, t);
}
</code></pre>
<p>Try to call the method from a GameObject!</p>
<footer><a href="https://www.gamedev.net/articles/programming/general-and-gameplay-programming/inverse-lerp-a-super-useful-yet-often-overlooked-function-r5230/">About Inverse Lerp</a></footer>
</section>
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<h2 id="constructors">Constructors</h2>
<ul>
<li data-marpit-fragment="1">Constructor is an optional function that is called when a class is instantiated</li>
<li data-marpit-fragment="2">In C#, constructor has the same name as the class itself<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-c#"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">Enemy</span>
{
<span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">int</span> HP;
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">int</span> maxHP;
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-title">Enemy</span>()</span>
{
maxHP = <span class="hljs-number">4</span>;
HP = maxHP;
}
}
</code></pre>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
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<h3 id="constructors-with-parameters">Constructors with parameters</h3>
<ul>
<li data-marpit-fragment="1">
<p>You can pass in parameters to the constructor at initialization</p>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-c#"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">Enemy</span>
{
<span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">int</span> HP;
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">int</span> maxHP;
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">string</span> name;
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-title">Enemy</span>(<span class="hljs-params"><span class="hljs-built_in">int</span> enemyMaxHP, <span class="hljs-built_in">string</span> enemyName</span>)</span>
{
name = enemyName;
maxHP = enemyMaxHP;
HP = maxHP;
}
}
</code></pre>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-c#">Enemy grunt1 = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Enemy(<span class="hljs-number">4</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"Grunt 1"</span>);
Enemy grunt2 = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Enemy(<span class="hljs-number">4</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"Grunt 2"</span>);
Enemy boss = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Enemy(<span class="hljs-number">16</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"Big boss"</span>);
</code></pre>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
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<h2 id="exercise-2-hello-class">Exercise 2: Hello class</h2>
<ol>
<li>Create a console application with a class Animal, that contains
<ul>
<li data-marpit-fragment="1">two strings: name and sound, and</li>
<li data-marpit-fragment="2">a method <code>Greet()</code> that prints <code>[name] says [sound]!</code></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Create a few animals with different names and sounds</li>
<li>Call their greet methods from the main program</li>
</ol>
</section>
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<h2 id="inheritance">Inheritance</h2>
<ul>
<li data-marpit-fragment="1">
<p>Classes can be made to inherit functionality of some other class</p>
</li>
<li data-marpit-fragment="2">
<p>If class B inherits class A, all of the class A public functionality is available in class B</p>
</li>
<li data-marpit-fragment="3">
<p>A is called the <em><strong>base</strong></em> class (or <em><strong>parent</strong></em> class)</p>
</li>
<li data-marpit-fragment="4">
<p>B is called the <em><strong>derived</strong></em> class (or <em><strong>child</strong></em> class)</p>
</li>
<li data-marpit-fragment="5">
<p>Use the <code>:</code> symbol to make a class inherit from another</p>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-c#"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">Grunt</span> : <span class="hljs-title">Enemy</span>
{
...
}
</code></pre>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
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<h2 id="importing-classes">Importing classes</h2>
<ul>
<li data-marpit-fragment="1">Classes (or namespaces) from other files can be imported with the <code>using</code> keyword</li>
<li data-marpit-fragment="2">See example in <a href="#unity-class-example">Unity class example</a> (<a href="#3">slide 3</a>)!</li>
</ul>
</section>
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<h2 id="reference-type-vs-value-type">Reference type vs value type</h2>
<ul>
<li data-marpit-fragment="1">Value types actually store the value</li>
<li data-marpit-fragment="2">Reference types store <em>the memory address</em> to where the value is actually stored</li>
<li data-marpit-fragment="3">Value types
<ul>
<li data-marpit-fragment="4"><a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/language-reference/builtin-types/value-types">C# Docs: Built-in value types</a></li>
<li data-marpit-fragment="5"><code>int</code>, <code>float</code>, <code>double</code>, <code>bool</code>, ...</li>
<li data-marpit-fragment="6">Structs: <code>Vector3</code>, <code>Quaternion</code>, ...</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-marpit-fragment="7">Reference types
<ul>
<li data-marpit-fragment="8"><a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/language-reference/builtin-types/reference-types">C# Docs: Built-in reference types</a></li>
<li data-marpit-fragment="9">Classes: <code>Transform</code>, <code>GameObject</code>, ...</li>
<li data-marpit-fragment="10">Objects</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
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<h3 id="reference-vs-value-example-1">Reference vs value example 1</h3>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-c#"><span class="hljs-built_in">int</span> firstValueType = <span class="hljs-number">15</span>;
<span class="hljs-built_in">int</span> secondValueType = firstValueType;
secondValueType++;
Debug.Log(<span class="hljs-string">$"firstValueType: <span class="hljs-subst">{firstValueType}</span>, secondValueType: <span class="hljs-subst">{secondValueType}</span>"</span>);
<span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> firstRefType = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Enemy(<span class="hljs-number">15</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"FirstEnemy"</span>);
<span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> secondRefType = firstRefType;
secondRefType.SetHP(<span class="hljs-number">16</span>);
Debug.Log(<span class="hljs-string">$"firstRefType.HP: <span class="hljs-subst">{firstRefType.GetHP()}</span>, secondRefType.HP: <span class="hljs-subst">{secondRefType.GetHP()}</span>"</span>);
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li data-marpit-fragment="1">When modifying <code>secondValueType</code>, <code>firstValueType</code> stays intact</li>
<li data-marpit-fragment="2">When modifying <code>secondRefType</code>, <code>firstRefType</code> gets modified as well!</li>
</ul>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="26" data-paginate="true" data-class="invert" data-heading-divider="3" lang="en-US" class="invert" data-marpit-pagination="26" style="--paginate:true;--class:invert;--heading-divider:3;" data-marpit-pagination-total="31">
<h3 id="reference-vs-value-example-2">Reference vs value example 2</h3>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-c#"><span class="hljs-comment">//Value type variable</span>
Vector3 pos = transform.position;
pos = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Vector3(<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// TRANSFORM'S POSITION IS UNAFFECTED!!</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">//Reference type variable</span>
Transform tran = transform;
tran.position = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Vector3(<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>);
</code></pre>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="27" data-paginate="true" data-class="invert" data-background-color="#5d275d" data-heading-divider="3" lang="en-US" class="invert" data-marpit-pagination="27" style="--paginate:true;--class:invert;--background-color:#5d275d;--heading-divider:3;background-color:#5d275d;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="31">
<h2 id="extra-properties-with-getters--setters">Extra: Properties with getters & setters</h2>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-c#"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">PlayerClass</span>
{
<span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">int</span> exp; <span class="hljs-comment">// private field, not accessible from outside</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">int</span> Experience <span class="hljs-comment">// public property, accessible from outside</span>
{
<span class="hljs-keyword">get</span>
{
<span class="hljs-comment">// do stuff...</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> exp;
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">set</span>
{
<span class="hljs-comment">// do stuff...</span>
exp = <span class="hljs-keyword">value</span>;
}
}
}
</code></pre>
</section>
</foreignObject></svg><svg data-marpit-svg="" viewBox="0 0 1280 720"><foreignObject width="1280" height="720"><section id="28" data-marpit-fragments="5" data-paginate="true" data-class="invert" data-background-color="#5d275d" data-heading-divider="3" lang="en-US" class="invert" data-marpit-pagination="28" style="--paginate:true;--class:invert;--background-color:#5d275d;--heading-divider:3;background-color:#5d275d;background-image:none;" data-marpit-pagination-total="31">
<h3 id="properties-vs-fields">Properties vs fields</h3>
<ul>
<li data-marpit-fragment="1"><a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/programming-guide/classes-and-structs/using-properties">C# Docs: Using Properties</a></li>
<li data-marpit-fragment="2">Properties are used to expose fields to the outside world</li>
<li data-marpit-fragment="3"><code>get</code> is called when the property is retrieved somewhere
<ul>
<li data-marpit-fragment="4">It can execute some code, and then give us some internal data we don't want to directly expose<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-c#">Debug.Log(PlayerClass.Experience);
</code></pre>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-marpit-fragment="5"><code>set</code> is called when a new value is given<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-c#">PlayerClass.Experience = <span class="hljs-number">10</span>;
</code></pre>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
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<h3 id="property-example">Property example</h3>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-c#"><span class="hljs-comment">// Level is a property that converts experience points into the level of a player automatically</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">int</span> Level
{
<span class="hljs-keyword">get</span>
{
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> experience / <span class="hljs-number">1000</span>;
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">set</span>
{
experience = <span class="hljs-keyword">value</span> * <span class="hljs-number">1000</span>;
}
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">int</span> Health{ <span class="hljs-keyword">get</span>; <span class="hljs-keyword">set</span>;} <span class="hljs-comment">// This is an example of an auto-implemented property</span>
</code></pre>
</section>
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<h2 id="example-implementing-the-vector3-class-in-c">Example: Implementing the Vector3 class in C#</h2>
<pre is="marp-pre" data-auto-scaling="downscale-only"><code class="language-c#"><span class="hljs-keyword">using</span> System;
<span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">Vector3</span>
{
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">float</span> x; <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">float</span> y; <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-built_in">float</span> z;
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-title">Vector3</span>(<span class="hljs-params"><span class="hljs-built_in">float</span> x0, <span class="hljs-built_in">float</span> y0, <span class="hljs-built_in">float</span> z0</span>)</span>
{
x = x0; y = y0; z = z0;
}
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">Print</span>()</span>
{
Console.WriteLine(<span class="hljs-string">$"x: <span class="hljs-subst">{x}</span>, y: <span class="hljs-subst">{y}</span>, z: <span class="hljs-subst">{z}</span>"</span>);
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> Vector3 forward
{
<span class="hljs-keyword">get</span>
{
<span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Vector3(<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">1</span>);
}
}
}
<span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">Program</span>
{
<span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">Main</span>()</span>
{
Vector3 vec = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Vector3(<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, <span class="hljs-number">4</span>, <span class="hljs-number">2</span>);
vec.Print();
Vector3 forw = Vector3.forward;
forw.Print();
}
}
</code></pre>
</section>
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