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@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ where, in each iteration, EVs update their charging profiles according to the co
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<div style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><font size='5.5' id = "entrepreneurship">Entrepreneurship</font></div>
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California has committed to have 1.5 million zero- emission vehicles on the road by 2025. The Chinese city Shenzhen plans to have 100% of its taxi’s be electric by 2020. The growth of EV depends on, and will drive, the growth of charging infrastructure. Working with Netlab alumni and Caltech Facilities, we have built an Adaptive Charging Network (ACN), consisting of 63 level-2 chargers and 1 DC fast charger, served by two 150 kVA transformers, local controllers as well as communication equipment. ACN is capable of real-time measurement, communication, computing and control, and adapts EV charging rates to the driver needs as well as capacity limits of the electric system. It has been charging EVs since February 2016 and has delivered over 475 MWh, equivalent to 1.5 million miles and 500 metric tons of avoided greenhouse gases by July 2018 (<a href='https://caltech.powerflexsystems.com/d/qIkr4ibiv/caltech-home?orgId=1&refresh=1m'><b>https://caltech.powerflexsystems.com</b></a>). The Caltech ACN testbed is described in:
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California has committed to have 1.5 million zero- emission vehicles on the road by 2025. The Chinese city Shenzhen plans to have 100% of its taxi’s be electric by 2020. The growth of EV depends on, and will drive, the growth of charging infrastructure. Working with Netlab alumni and Caltech Facilities, we have built an Adaptive Charging Network (ACN), consisting of 63 level-2 chargers and 1 DC fast charger, served by two 150 kVA transformers, local controllers as well as communication equipment. ACN is capable of real-time measurement, communication, computing and control, and adapts EV charging rates to the driver needs as well as capacity limits of the electric system. It has been charging EVs since February 2016 and has delivered over 475 MWh, equivalent to 1.5 million miles and 500 metric tons of avoided greenhouse gases by July 2018. The Caltech ACN testbed is described in:
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- G. Lee, T. Lee, Z. Low, S. H. Low and C. Ortega. <a href='https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7905971'><b>Adaptive charging network for electric vehicles</b></a>, <em>Proc. of the IEEE Global Conference on Signal and Information Processing (GlobalSIP)</em>, Washington, DC, December 2016
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- Z. Lee, D. Chang, C. Jin, G. S. Lee, R. Lee, T. Lee and S. H. Low. <a href='../../assets/pdf/publications/Lee-2018-Practical-Considerations-LSHD-EV-charging.pdf'><b>Large-Scale Adaptive Electric Vehicle Charging</b></a>, <em>Proc. of the IEEE International Conference on Communications, Control, and Computing Technologies for Smart Grids (SmartGridComm)</em>, Aalborg, Denmark, October 2018
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This is surprising because online LP matches well offline optimal by solving for entire charging profiles, taking into account of charging rates at future times, while LLF algorithms are myopic. It turns out that, under our laxity definition, the algorithm (of valley-filling type) equivalently solves a convex optimization problem that implicitly takes into account of charging behavior in the next iteration.
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We are pursuing tech transfer through a startup <a href='https://www.powerflex.com/'><b>PowerFlex Systems</b></a> that can provide a target charging capacity at 30%-60% lower capital and operating costs. It may also provide energy services to utility companies or ISO markets in the future. <a href='https://caltech.powerflexsystems.com/dashboard/db/california-garage'><b>View live data from Caltech's California Garage.</b></a>
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<div style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><a href='https://caltech.powerflexsystems.com/dashboard/db/california-garage'><b><font size='5.5' id = "conjestionControl">PowerFlex Deployments</font></b></a></div>
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We are pursuing tech transfer through a startup <a href='https://www.powerflex.com/'><b>PowerFlex Systems</b></a> that can provide a target charging capacity at 30%-60% lower capital and operating costs. It may also provide energy services to utility companies or ISO markets in the future.
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Until Aug 2018:
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- 1.6M miles delivered

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