node readme

Author: abhishekrathore

.gitignore

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+.env

node-masterclass.md

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+
+
+# FULL STACK COURSE 2023
+
+## Node JS MasterClass   
+
+Hi, This is course page of **CoderDost Youtube Channel** Node JS 2023 Course [Course Link ](),
+
+### How to use this code :
+
+#### You can **download code** in 2 ways  :
+
+1. **Git Commands**
+
+   - use `git clone <repository_url>`
+
+   - checkout branch according to Chapter number `git checkout node-1`
+
+   - run `npm install` inside the root directory before running the code
+
+  
+
+2. If you are not comfortable with git, directly **download the branch as Zip**.
+
+   - Choose branch related to the Chapter e.g. `node-1`
+
+   - run `npm install` inside the root directory before running the code
+
+  
+  
+
+# Node JS Series
+
+  
+ 
+
+## Chapter 1 - Introduction to Node, NPM, Package.JSON
+
+### Chapter Notes :
+- **Node JS** installation from official site nodejs.org - use only LTS versions 
+-  Use **terminal / command prompt** to check installation :
+	``` node -v ```
+	```npm -v ```
+- **VS code** installation directly from code.visualstudio.com site
+- Use VS code terminal to run  **commands**
+- **Node REPL** interface can be used directly by typing `node` in **terminal / command prompt** . Use **Ctrl+D** to exit interface. Use **CTRL+C**  to exit terminal
+- Running any JavaScript file from node using `node filename.js`
+- **Modules** are basic containers in Node/JavaScript system. 1 file can be one module in Javascript.
+- Two type of Module Systems in node JS are - **CommonJS** module and **ES** Modules.
+
+**- CommonJS Module** 
+```
+//lib.js
+exports.sum = function(){}
+
+//index.js
+const module = require('./lib.js')
+module.sum();
+```
+**- ES Module**
+
+```
+//lib.js
+export {sum}
+
+//index.js
+import {sum} from './lib.js'
+	
+```
+
+- FileSystem Module(fs) is one of core modules of Node JS. **fs** can be used to read/write any file. There are many more core modules in NodeJS which you can check in NodeJS API docs.
+- Reading files can be **Synchronous** or **Asynchronous**. **Async** is most preferred method in NodeJS. As there is **NO blocking of I/O in NodeJS**
+
+- Node project can be initialized with `npm init` command which also creates `package.json` file
+- **package.json** is a configuration file for node projects which has **scripts**, **dependencies**, **devDependencies** etc
+- `npm install <package-name>` is used to install any online modules available for node on NPM repository online.
+-  `nodemon` is a package for running node server and track live changes to re-start again.
+-  `scripts` inside **package.json** can be used like `npm run <script-name>` e.g `npm run dev`. Only for `npm start` you can avoid `run`.
+- use `npm install -g <package.json>` to install packages globally on your system. Not just in the project but useful all over your system.
+- Node versions are formatted like **4.1.9** where these are `major.minor.patch` versions.
+- you can install all dependencies again using `npm install` again
+- **package-lock.json** has exact versions installed and link of dependencies of each package.
+- use `npm update` to update packages safely. `npm outdated` shows outdated and latets versions of packages installed in your  **package.json**
+-  use `npm uninstall <package-name>` to uninstall packages from `package.json`
+- `node_modules` should not be shared - you can make `.gitignore`to ignore them to be uploaded.
+
+
+### Related Links/Videos
+
+1. Callbacks
+2. Promises
+3. Async Await
+4. Import/ Export example
+5. Event Loop in Node JS
+
+
+## Chapter 2 - Server Concepts with Node - http module
+
+### Chapter Notes :
+- HTTP requests have  - request line, headers and body
+- HTTP response have - status line, headers and body 
+- HTTP requests and responses can be tracked from  **Dev Tools** > **Network Tab** 
+- In Node, we can use core **http** module to create a Server which listens to requests, modify data in-between and provides responses. Server needs a **PORT** to be bound to - use only port number > 1024.
+- Server can simply be said as **a function which receives a request and returns a response**. [ This is just for understanding]
+- There are many **Headers** which exists on request and responses - shared a link below with list of existing headers.
+
+-   We can use Server to do 3 things:
+	- **Static file Hosting** : Sending normal files without formatting or modifying.
+	- **Server Side Rendering** : Mixing data with templates and rendering dynamic views (dynamic web pages)
+	- **Web APIs** : Sending data via some APIs/ endpoints.
+
+-   Every Request has one and only one response. If there is more than 1 response which you want to send - you will encounter a error - "*Headers already sent*" 
+- POSTMAN is a software for doing complex  API requests.  
+
+### Related Links/Videos
+
+1. HTTP headers list :
+2. dummy JSON site :
+3. Postman
+
+
+## Chapter 3 - Express JS
+
+### Chapter Notes :
+ 
+- **ExpressJS** is *de-facto* Node framework - and used in most Node applications which are used as web server.
+- You can install express `npm install express`
+- Express has few level of methods :
+	- Application methods : e.g. app.use()
+	- Request methods
+	- Response methods
+	- Middleware methods
+	- Router methods
+
+- **Response** methods (**res** is our response objects)
+	- **res.send()** - for sending HTML
+	- **res.sendFile(**) - for sending File
+	- **res.json** - for sending JSON 
+	- **res.sendStatus(404)** - for sending HTTP status only
+	- 
+- **HTTP Request** Types we generally use :
+	- GET
+	- POST
+	- PUT
+	- DELETE
+	- PATCH
+ - API / Endpoints / Routes are used inter-changeably but they are related to server paths.
+
+- **Middle-ware** : Modifies the request before it reaches the next middleware or endpoints.
+- Sequence of middleware is very important, as first middleware is first traversed by request.
+- Middle-wares can be used for many use cases, like loggers, authentication, parsing data etc.
+- Middle-ware can be :
+	- Application level : server.use(**middleware**) 
+	- Router level : server.get('/', **middleware**, (req,res)=>{})
+	- Built-in middleware : **express.json()** [ for parsing body data], **express.static()**[for static hosting]
+	- External Middle-wares - like **morgan**
+
+- **Request** properties (**req** is our request object)
+	- **req.ip** - IP address of client
+	- **req.method** - HTTP method of request
+	- **req.hostname** - like google.com / localhost
+	- **req.query** - for capturing query parameters from URL e.g. localhost:8080 ? **query=value**
+	- **req.body** -for capturing request body data (but its needs a middleware for body data decoding)
+	-  **req.params** - for capturing URL parameters for route path like `/products/:id` 
+
+- **Static Hosting** : we can make 1 or more folders as static hosted using **express.static** middleware.
+	`server.use(express.static(< directory >))`
+Static hosting is like sharing a folder/directory and making its file readable as it is.
+Note : `index.html` is default file which would be read in a static hosted folder, if you don't mention any file name.
+
+3 ways to send data from request are:
+1. **Query Parameters**
+	- **req.query** - for capturing query parameters from URL e.g. localhost:8080 ? **query=value**
+2. **Body Data**
+	- **req.body** -for capturing request body data (but its needs a middleware for body data decoding)
+3. **URL Parameters**
+	-  **req.params** - for capturing URL parameters for route path like `/products/:id` 
+
+
+### Related Links/Videos
+
+1. Express JS site:
+2. HTTP response status 
+
+## Chapter 4 - REST API using Express
+
+- REST API is a standard for making APIs.
+	- We have to consider a resource which we want to access - like **Product**
+	- We access **Product** using combination of HTTP method and URL style
+
+**REST API ( CRUD - Create , Read , Update, Delete) :**
+	
+- **CREATE**
+	- **POST** /products - create a new resource (product)
+	
+- **READ**
+	- **GET** /products - read many resources (products)
+	- **GET** /products/:id - read one specific resource (product)
+
+- **UPDATE**
+	- **PUT** /products/:id - update by replacing all content of specific resource (product).
+	- **PATCH** /products/:id - update by only setting content from body of request and not replacing other parts of specific resource (product).
+
+- **DELETE**
+	- **DELETE** /products/:id - delete a specific resource (product).
+
+## Chapter 5 - Backend Directory Structure / MVC / Router
+
+MVC (Model-View-Controller) is **a pattern in software design commonly used to implement user interfaces (VIEW), data (MODEL), and controlling logic (CONTROLLER)**. It emphasizes a separation between the software's business logic and display.
+
+In Our Project this will be :
+**Model** - Database Schema's and Business logics and rules
+**View** - Server Side Templates (or React front-end)
+**Controller** - functions attached to routes for modifying request and sending responses.  It's a link between the Model and View.
+
+**Router**
+- These are like mini-application on which you can make set of Routes independently. 
+- Routers can be attached to main Server App using `server.use(router)`
+
+Arrange Directory in Server like this :
+
+**Controllers** - file containing functions which are attached to each route path 
+**Routes** - files containing routers
+**Models** :  to be discussed in later chapters
+**Views**: to be discussed in later chapters
+
+
+
+### Related Links/Videos
+
+1. Higher order functions
+2. REST API explanation 
+
+
+### Assignments :
+  
+- **Assignment 1** : If we delete `node_modules`. How to run our app again successfully ?
+
+
+- **Assignment 2** : How to remove double `console.logs` from React ? [ it is not needed in real life to remove them, its just an assignment problem ].  [ *Hint: Some special Component at top level is of App is causing it* ]. We explore more about  - why this is needed in later videos.
+
+### Special Assignments ==============
+
+- **Assignment 3** : Create a Page with multiple React Apps. Both React Apps should be independent of each other.
+
+- **Assignment 4** : Try to build a react app using other toolchains like `Vite`
+
+