ex00

Exercise 0

This exercise consists of performing the simplest task with an Arduino to observe physical output: blinking the on-board LED.

Schematic Description

This exercise does not require an external schematic as it utilises the built-in LED present on the Arduino board.

Built-in LED Description

Component	Pin/Connection	Arduino Pin	Description
Built-in LED	LED_BUILTIN	13 (or equivalent)	The built-in LED blinks ON and OFF according to the delay values in the code.

Code

// initialisation
void setup()
{
    // LED_BUILTIN pin initialisation as an output
    pinMode(LED_BUILTIN, OUTPUT);
}

// main loop function
void loop()
{
    digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, HIGH); // turn the LED on
    delay(1000);                     // wait for a second
    digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, LOW);  // turn the LED off
    delay(1000);                     // wait for a second
}

Exercise Steps

1. Understand the On-Board LED:

   • The Arduino comes with a built-in LED, which is typically connected to the LED_BUILTIN pin. For most boards, this corresponds to pin 13.
   • This exercise uses the built-in LED to create a simple blinking effect.

2. Upload the Arduino Code:

   • Copy the provided code for blinking the on-board LED.
   • Open the Arduino IDE, paste the code, and upload it to the Arduino.

3. Observe LED Behaviour:

   • The on-board LED will turn ON for one second and OFF for one second in a continuous loop.
   • Modify the delay() values in the code if you wish to change the blinking speed.

4. Experiment with Timing:

   • Adjust the delay() durations to make the LED blink faster or slower.
   • Try adding additional logic, such as double blinking, to enhance the exercise.