-
Notifications
You must be signed in to change notification settings - Fork 20
/
debugging.html
164 lines (164 loc) · 24.6 KB
/
debugging.html
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta name="author" content="Matt Makai">
<meta name="description" content="调试涉及检查、隔离以及从正在运行的代码中寻找漏洞。 快来 Full Stack Python 学习更多有关调试的知识吧。">
<title>调试 - Full Stack Python</title>
<link href="/f.css" rel="stylesheet">
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="/img/fsp-fav.png">
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-12">
<div class="logo-header-section">
<a href="/" style="text-decoration: none; border: none;"><img src="/img/logo-sm.png" class="logo-image" alt="Full Stack Python logo"></a>
<span class="logo-title"><a href="https://www.fullstackpython.com/">Full Stack Python</a></span>
</div>
<div class="sans-font">
<!--<a href="/blog.html" class="submenu-item-first">Blog</a> |
<a href="/books.html" class="submenu-item">Books</a> | -->
<a href="/table-of-contents.html">全部主题</a>
<span style="margin:0 12px 0 12px">|</span>
<a href="/blog.html">Blog</a>
<span style="margin:0 12px 0 12px">|</span>
<a href="/email.html">时讯</a>
<span style="margin:0 12px 0 12px">|</span>
<a href="https://twitter.com/fullstackpython">@fullstackpython</a>
<span style="margin:0 12px 0 12px">|</span>
<a href="https://www.facebook.com/fullstackpython">Facebook</a>
<span style="margin:0 12px 0 12px">|</span>
<a href="https://github.com/mattmakai/fullstackpython.com">源码</a>
</div> </div>
</div><div class="row">
<div class="col-md-8">
<h1>调试</h1>
<p>开发人员经常会陷入这样的处境,就是他们编写的代码并没有按照预期工作。当出现那样的情况时,开发者就要通过检查、运行并且深入分析代码,来断定应用中的哪个状态值与代码正确运行时的预期值不匹配。</p>
<h2>调试缘何重要?</h2>
<p>每个中型或大型应用中都会有 bug 存在。每个开发者都应该学会如何调试代码,以便能在时间和预算允许的情况下尽可以写出能正确运行的程序。</p>
<h3>调试相关的资源</h3>
<ul>
<li>
<p><a href="http://howchoo.com/g/zgi2y2iwyze/debugging-your-python-code">调试你的 Python 代码</a> 演示了如何利用 <a href="https://docs.python.org/2/library/pdb.html">pdb</a> 来查找 Python 代码块中的漏洞。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="https://pymotw.com/2/pdb/">pdb — 交互式调试器</a> 是“本周 Python 模块(The Python Module of the Week)”博客上的一篇精选文章,它详细介绍了如何高效地使用 pdb 调试器。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="http://blog.ionelmc.ro/2013/06/05/python-debugging-tools/">Python 调试工具</a> 列出了一些调试工具,例如 pdb 及其衍生工具如 ipdb、 pudb 和 pdb++,同时文章也讲解了如何利用它们来查找漏洞。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href="https://pythonconquerstheuniverse.wordpress.com/2009/09/10/debugging-in-python/">在 Python 中调试</a> 阐述了 pdb 可以用来做什么以及如何使用它。</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h3>测试完你的应用该做什么?</h3>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4">
<div class="well select-next">
<a href="/code-metrics.html" class="btn btn-success btn-full"><svg width="28" height="30" viewBox="0 0 1792 1792" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M1596 380q28 28 48 76t20 88v1152q0 40-28 68t-68 28h-1344q-40 0-68-28t-28-68v-1600q0-40 28-68t68-28h896q40 0 88 20t76 48zm-444-244v376h376q-10-29-22-41l-313-313q-12-12-41-22zm384 1528v-1024h-416q-40 0-68-28t-28-68v-416h-768v1536h1280zm-1024-864q0-14 9-23t23-9h704q14 0 23 9t9 23v64q0 14-9 23t-23 9h-704q-14 0-23-9t-9-23v-64zm736 224q14 0 23 9t9 23v64q0 14-9 23t-23 9h-704q-14 0-23-9t-9-23v-64q0-14 9-23t23-9h704zm0 256q14 0 23 9t9 23v64q0 14-9 23t-23 9h-704q-14 0-23-9t-9-23v-64q0-14 9-23t23-9h704z" fill="#fff"/></svg></a>
<p class="under-btn">我应该知道些什么样的代码度量特性?</p> </div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-4">
<div class="well select-next">
<a href="/continuous-integration.html" class="btn btn-success btn-full"><svg width="28" height="30" viewBox="0 0 1792 1792" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M1639 1056q0 5-1 7-64 268-268 434.5t-478 166.5q-146 0-282.5-55t-243.5-157l-129 129q-19 19-45 19t-45-19-19-45v-448q0-26 19-45t45-19h448q26 0 45 19t19 45-19 45l-137 137q71 66 161 102t187 36q134 0 250-65t186-179q11-17 53-117 8-23 30-23h192q13 0 22.5 9.5t9.5 22.5zm25-800v448q0 26-19 45t-45 19h-448q-26 0-45-19t-19-45 19-45l138-138q-148-137-349-137-134 0-250 65t-186 179q-11 17-53 117-8 23-30 23h-199q-13 0-22.5-9.5t-9.5-22.5v-7q65-268 270-434.5t480-166.5q146 0 284 55.5t245 156.5l130-129q19-19 45-19t45 19 19 45z" fill="#fff"/></svg></a>
<p class="under-btn">我可以自动测试并部署我的应用吗?</p> </div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-4">
<div class="well select-next">
<a href="/unit-testing.html" class="btn btn-success btn-full"><svg width="28" height="30" viewBox="0 0 1792 1792" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M512 1248v192q0 40-28 68t-68 28h-320q-40 0-68-28t-28-68v-192q0-40 28-68t68-28h320q40 0 68 28t28 68zm0-512v192q0 40-28 68t-68 28h-320q-40 0-68-28t-28-68v-192q0-40 28-68t68-28h320q40 0 68 28t28 68zm640 512v192q0 40-28 68t-68 28h-320q-40 0-68-28t-28-68v-192q0-40 28-68t68-28h320q40 0 68 28t28 68zm-640-1024v192q0 40-28 68t-68 28h-320q-40 0-68-28t-28-68v-192q0-40 28-68t68-28h320q40 0 68 28t28 68zm640 512v192q0 40-28 68t-68 28h-320q-40 0-68-28t-28-68v-192q0-40 28-68t68-28h320q40 0 68 28t28 68zm640 512v192q0 40-28 68t-68 28h-320q-40 0-68-28t-28-68v-192q0-40 28-68t68-28h320q40 0 68 28t28 68zm-640-1024v192q0 40-28 68t-68 28h-320q-40 0-68-28t-28-68v-192q0-40 28-68t68-28h320q40 0 68 28t28 68zm640 512v192q0 40-28 68t-68 28h-320q-40 0-68-28t-28-68v-192q0-40 28-68t68-28h320q40 0 68 28t28 68zm0-512v192q0 40-28 68t-68 28h-320q-40 0-68-28t-28-68v-192q0-40 28-68t68-28h320q40 0 68 28t28 68z" fill="#fff"/></svg></a>
<p class="under-btn">我该如何创建单元测试?</p> </div>
</div>
</div><div id="mc_embed_signup">
<form action="//mattmakai.us2.list-manage.com/subscribe/post?u=b7e774f0c4f05dcebbfee183d&id=b22335388d" method="post" id="mc-embedded-subscribe-form" name="mc-embedded-subscribe-form" class="validate" target="_blank" novalidate>
<div id="mc_embed_signup_scroll">
<h4>在这里注册以便每月能收到一份邮件资料,内容包含本站的主要更新、教程和 Python 书籍的打折码等。</h4>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-9">
<input type="email" value="" name="EMAIL" class="email form-control" id="mce-EMAIL" placeholder="邮箱地址" required>
<div style="position: absolute; left: -5000px;"><input type="text" name="b_b7e774f0c4f05dcebbfee183d_b22335388d" tabindex="-1" value=""></div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-3">
<div class="clear"><input type="submit" value="订阅" name="subscribe" id="mc-embedded-subscribe" class="btn btn-success" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue';"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-offset-1 col-md-3" id="sidebar">
<div class="panel panel-success">
<div class="panel-body">
<a href="http://www.deploypython.com/"><img src="/img/sponsored/fsp-deployment-guide.png" alt="The Full Stack Python Guide to Deployments" width="100%"></a>
<p style="font-size: .8em; margin-top: 10px;">想找到一个完整的,一步一步的部署方案吗?请看<a href="http://www.deploypython.com/">《The Full Stack Python Guide to Deployments》</a>.
</p>
</div>
</div><div class="panel panel-success">
<div class="panel-heading">
<h3 class="panel-head">邮件获取更新</h3>
</div>
<div class="panel-body">
<div id="mc_embed_signup">
<form action="//mattmakai.us2.list-manage.com/subscribe/post?u=b7e774f0c4f05dcebbfee183d&id=b22335388d" method="post" id="mc-embedded-subscribe-form" name="mc-embedded-subscribe-form" class="validate" target="_blank" novalidate>
<div id="mc_embed_signup_scroll">
<h5>注册以便每月能收到一份邮件资料,内容包含本站的主要更新和 Python 教程。</h5>
<input type="email" value="" name="EMAIL" class="email form-control" id="mce-EMAIL" placeholder="邮箱地址" required>
<div style="position: absolute; left: -5000px;"><input type="text" name="b_b7e774f0c4f05dcebbfee183d_b22335388d" tabindex="-1" value=""></div>
<input type="submit" value="订阅" name="subscribe" id="mc-embedded-subscribe" class="btn btn-success" style="font-family: 'Helvetica Neue'; margin-top: 5px;">
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
</div><div class="panel" id="full-toc">
<div class="panel-heading">
<h3 class="panel-head"><a href="/table-of-contents.html" style="color: #fff;">目录</a></h3>
</div>
<div class="list-group">
<a href="/introduction.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>1. 简介</a><a href="/learning-programming.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>学习编程</a><a href="/why-use-python.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>为什么用 Python?</a><a href="/python-2-or-3.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Python 2 还是 3?</a><a href="/enterprise-python.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>企业 Python</a><a href="/python-community.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Python Community</a><a href="/best-python-podcasts.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Best Python Podcasts</a><a href="/best-python-resources.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>最佳 Python 资源</a><a href="/best-python-videos.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>最佳 Python 视频</a><a href="/development-environments.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>2. 开发环境</a><a href="/vim.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Vim</a><a href="/emacs.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Emacs</a><a href="/python-programming-language.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>3. 核心语言</a><a href="/generators.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>生成器</a><a href="/comprehensions.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>推导式</a><a href="/web-development.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>4. Web 开发</a><a href="/web-frameworks.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Web 框架</a><a href="/django.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Django</a><a href="/flask.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Flask</a><a href="/bottle.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Bottle</a><a href="/pyramid.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Pyramid</a><a href="/morepath.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Morepath</a><a href="/other-web-frameworks.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>其它 Web 框架</a><a href="/web-design.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Web 设计</a><a href="/cascading-style-sheets.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>级联样式表 (CSS)</a><a href="/javascript.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>JavaScript</a><a href="/websockets.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>WebSockets</a><a href="/template-engines.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>模板引擎</a><a href="/web-application-security.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Web 应用安全</a><a href="/static-site-generator.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>静态网站生成器</a><a href="/jinja2.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Jinja2</a><a href="/data.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>5. 数据</a><a href="/databases.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>关系型数据库</a><a href="/no-sql-datastore.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>NoSQL 数据存储</a><a href="/object-relational-mappers-orms.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>对象关系映射器</a><a href="/postgresql.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>PostgreSQL</a><a href="/mysql.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>MySQL</a><a href="/sqlite.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>SQLite</a><a href="/application-programming-interfaces.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>6. Web APIs</a><a href="/api-integration.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>API 集成</a><a href="/api-creation.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>API 的创建</a><a href="/twilio.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Twilio</a><a href="/deployment.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>7. 部署</a><a href="/servers.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>服务器</a><a href="/platform-as-a-service.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>平台即服务(PaaS)</a><a href="/operating-systems.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>操作系统</a><a href="/web-servers.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Web 服务器</a><a href="/wsgi-servers.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>WSGI 服务器</a><a href="/source-control.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>源码控制</a><a href="/application-dependencies.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>应用程序依赖</a><a href="/static-content.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>静态内容</a><a href="/task-queues.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>任务队列</a><a href="/configuration-management.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>配置管理</a><a href="/continuous-integration.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>持续集成</a><a href="/logging.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>日志</a><a href="/monitoring.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>监控</a><a href="/web-analytics.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Web 分析</a><a href="/docker.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Docker</a><a href="/caching.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>缓存</a><a href="/microservices.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>微服务</a><a href="/devops.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>DevOps</a><a href="/nginx.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Nginx</a><a href="/apache-http-server.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Apache HTTP 服务器</a><a href="/caddy.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Caddy</a><a href="/green-unicorn-gunicorn.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Green Unicorn (Gunicorn)</a><a href="/ubuntu.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Ubuntu</a><a href="/pelican.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Pelican</a><a href="/lektor.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Lektor</a><a href="/mkdocs.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>MkDocs</a><a href="/testing.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>8. 测试</a><a href="/unit-testing.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>单元测试</a><a href="/integration-testing.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>集成测试</a><a href="/code-metrics.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>代码度量</a><a href="/debugging.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item active" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>调试</a><a href="/what-full-stack-means.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>9. Meta</a><a href="/bots.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Bots</a><a href="/change-log.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Change Log</a><a href="/future-directions.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Future Directions</a><a href="/about-author.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>About the Author</a><a href="/sqlalchemy.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>SQLAlchemy</a><a href="/peewee.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; padding-left:27px'>Peewee</a> <a href="/table-of-contents.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",san-serif;background-color:#22B24C; color: #fff;'>...或者<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted;">显示全部目录内容</span>.</a>
</div>
</div> <div class="panel">
<div class="panel-heading"><h3 class="panel-head">调试</h3></div>
<div class="panel-body">
重要的更新内容会通过 Twitter 账号<a href="https://twitter.com/fullstackpython">@fullstackpython</a>发布。
<hr/>
需要更加详细的教程吗?请看
<a href="http://www.deploypython.com/">《The Full Stack Python Guide to Deployments》。</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="panel" id="mobile-toc">
<div class="panel-heading">
<h3 class="panel-head"><a href="/table-of-contents.html" style="color: #fff;">Chapters</a></h3>
</div>
<div class="list-group">
<a href="/introduction.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>1. 简介</a><a href="/development-environments.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>2. 开发环境</a><a href="/python-programming-language.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>3. 核心语言</a><a href="/web-development.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>4. Web 开发</a><a href="/data.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>5. 数据</a><a href="/application-programming-interfaces.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>6. Web APIs</a><a href="/deployment.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>7. 部署</a><a href="/testing.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>8. 测试</a> <a href="/debugging.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item active" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>» 调试</a>
<a href="/what-full-stack-means.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item " style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;'>9. Meta</a> <a href="/table-of-contents.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item" style='font-family: "Helvetica Neue",san-serif;background-color:#22B24C; color: #fff;'>...or <span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted;">view the full table of contents</span>.</a>
</div>
</div></div></div>
<hr/>
</div>
<div class="container">
<div class="footer pull-right">
This site is based on <a href="https://github.com/mattmakai">Matt Makai</a>'s project <a href="https://github.com/mattmakai/fullstackpython.com">Full Stack Python</a>, thanks for his excellent work!
</div>
</div>
<div class="container">
<div class="footer pull-right" style="text-align:right; font-size:85%;">
<p>此网站由 <a href="https://github.com/haiiiiiyun">@haiiiiiyun</a> 和 <a href="https://github.com/haiiiiiyun/fullstackpython.cn/graphs/contributors">开源爱好者们</a> 共同维护。
若发现错误或想贡献,请访问: <a href="https://github.com/haiiiiiyun/fullstackpython.cn/">Github fullstackpython.cn 项目</a>
</p>
</div>
</div><script>
(function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){
(i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o),
m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m)
})(window,document,'script','//www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga');
ga('create', 'UA-77551377-2', 'auto');
ga('send', 'pageview');
</script><script type='text/javascript'>
var trackOutboundLink = function(url) { ga('send', 'event', 'outbound', 'click', url, {'hitCallback': function () { document.location = url; } }); }
</script>
</body>
</html>