diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 59c74047..c76c4f53 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -2,3 +2,7 @@
 /tmp
 /log
 /public
+fixtures/1M.json
+fixtures/10M.json
+fixtures/*.gz
+
diff --git a/.rspec b/.rspec
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c99d2e73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.rspec
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+--require spec_helper
diff --git a/Gemfile b/Gemfile
index 34074dfd..3cc15cb9 100644
--- a/Gemfile
+++ b/Gemfile
@@ -8,7 +8,12 @@ gem 'pg'
 gem 'puma'
 gem 'listen'
 gem 'bootsnap'
+gem 'pry'
+gem 'rspec'
+gem 'rspec-rails'
 gem 'rack-mini-profiler'
+gem 'ruby-prof'
+gem 'strong_migrations'
 
 # Windows does not include zoneinfo files, so bundle the tzinfo-data gem
 gem 'tzinfo-data', platforms: [:mingw, :mswin, :x64_mingw, :jruby]
diff --git a/Gemfile.lock b/Gemfile.lock
index a9ddd818..44ba277d 100644
--- a/Gemfile.lock
+++ b/Gemfile.lock
@@ -78,13 +78,16 @@ GEM
     bootsnap (1.18.4)
       msgpack (~> 1.2)
     builder (3.3.0)
+    coderay (1.1.3)
     concurrent-ruby (1.3.5)
     connection_pool (2.5.0)
     crass (1.0.6)
     date (3.4.1)
+    diff-lcs (1.5.1)
     drb (2.2.1)
     erubi (1.13.1)
     ffi (1.17.1-arm64-darwin)
+    ffi (1.17.1-x86_64-linux-gnu)
     globalid (1.2.1)
       activesupport (>= 6.1)
     i18n (1.14.7)
@@ -107,6 +110,7 @@ GEM
       net-pop
       net-smtp
     marcel (1.0.4)
+    method_source (1.1.0)
     mini_mime (1.1.5)
     minitest (5.25.4)
     msgpack (1.8.0)
@@ -122,10 +126,15 @@ GEM
     nio4r (2.7.4)
     nokogiri (1.18.2-arm64-darwin)
       racc (~> 1.4)
+    nokogiri (1.18.2-x86_64-linux-gnu)
+      racc (~> 1.4)
     pg (1.5.9)
     pp (0.6.2)
       prettyprint
     prettyprint (0.2.0)
+    pry (0.15.2)
+      coderay (~> 1.1)
+      method_source (~> 1.0)
     psych (5.2.3)
       date
       stringio
@@ -179,8 +188,32 @@ GEM
       psych (>= 4.0.0)
     reline (0.6.0)
       io-console (~> 0.5)
+    rspec (3.13.0)
+      rspec-core (~> 3.13.0)
+      rspec-expectations (~> 3.13.0)
+      rspec-mocks (~> 3.13.0)
+    rspec-core (3.13.3)
+      rspec-support (~> 3.13.0)
+    rspec-expectations (3.13.3)
+      diff-lcs (>= 1.2.0, < 2.0)
+      rspec-support (~> 3.13.0)
+    rspec-mocks (3.13.2)
+      diff-lcs (>= 1.2.0, < 2.0)
+      rspec-support (~> 3.13.0)
+    rspec-rails (7.1.1)
+      actionpack (>= 7.0)
+      activesupport (>= 7.0)
+      railties (>= 7.0)
+      rspec-core (~> 3.13)
+      rspec-expectations (~> 3.13)
+      rspec-mocks (~> 3.13)
+      rspec-support (~> 3.13)
+    rspec-support (3.13.2)
+    ruby-prof (1.7.1)
     securerandom (0.4.1)
     stringio (3.1.2)
+    strong_migrations (2.2.0)
+      activerecord (>= 7)
     thor (1.3.2)
     timeout (0.4.3)
     tzinfo (2.0.6)
@@ -195,14 +228,20 @@ GEM
 
 PLATFORMS
   arm64-darwin-24
+  x86_64-linux
 
 DEPENDENCIES
   bootsnap
   listen
   pg
+  pry
   puma
   rack-mini-profiler
   rails (~> 8.0.1)
+  rspec
+  rspec-rails
+  ruby-prof
+  strong_migrations
   tzinfo-data
 
 RUBY VERSION
diff --git a/app/controllers/trips_controller.rb b/app/controllers/trips_controller.rb
index acb38be2..fa03e01a 100644
--- a/app/controllers/trips_controller.rb
+++ b/app/controllers/trips_controller.rb
@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@ class TripsController < ApplicationController
   def index
     @from = City.find_by_name!(params[:from])
     @to = City.find_by_name!(params[:to])
-    @trips = Trip.where(from: @from, to: @to).order(:start_time)
+    @trips = Trip.where(from: @from, to: @to).includes(bus: :services).order(:start_time)
   end
 end
diff --git a/app/services/trips_importer.rb b/app/services/trips_importer.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..abf5d339
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/services/trips_importer.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+class TripsImporter
+  def initialize(file = 'fixtures/small.json')
+    @file = file
+  end
+
+  def self.call(...)
+    new(...).call
+  end
+
+  def call
+    json = JSON.parse(File.read(file))
+
+    clean_database
+
+    ActiveRecord::Base.transaction do
+      city_names = Set.new
+      service_names = Set.new
+      buses = {}
+
+      # первый проход - собираем "справочные" данные - города, услуги, автобусы
+      # собираем в Set или хэш, так чтобы удобно было вставлять в бд
+      json.each do |trip|
+        city_names.add trip['from']
+        city_names.add trip['to']
+
+        service_names.merge trip['bus']['services']
+        buses[trip['bus']['number']] = trip['bus']['model']
+      end
+
+      # вставляем справочное
+      City.insert_all city_names.map { |name| { name: name } }
+      Service.insert_all service_names.map { |name| { name: name } }
+      Bus.insert_all buses.map { |number, model| {  number: number, model: model }}
+
+      # формируем хэши, чтобы удобно получить доступ к id при втором проходе
+      cities = City.all.each_with_object({}) { |city, hash| hash[city.name] = city.id }
+      services = Service.all.each_with_object({}) { |service, hash| hash[service.name] = service.id }
+      buses = Bus.all.each_with_object({}) { |bus, hash| hash[bus.number] = bus.id }
+
+      # тут соберём пары автобус-услуга
+      buses_services = Set.new
+
+      # тут данные по поездкам для вставки
+      trips = []
+
+      json.each do |trip|
+        from_id = cities[trip['from']]
+        to_id = cities[trip['to']]
+        bus_id = buses[trip['bus']['number']]
+
+        # заполняем пары автобус-услуга
+        service_ids = services.values_at(*trip['bus']['services'])
+        service_ids.each do |service_id|
+          buses_services.add([bus_id, service_id])
+        end
+
+        trips.push({
+          from_id: from_id,
+          to_id: to_id,
+          bus_id: bus_id,
+          start_time: trip['start_time'],
+          duration_minutes: trip['duration_minutes'],
+          price_cents: trip['price_cents'],
+          })
+      end
+
+      # вставка данных о поездках
+      # пока не стала батчить, т.к. и так довольно быстро происходит
+      Trip.insert_all trips
+
+      # вот такой insert into buses_services
+      # вообще чаще используем has_and_belongs_to_many , потому что часто в связке потом нужны доп. данные и таймстемпы, и свой id
+      # тогда можно было бы insert_all использовать
+      if buses_services.present?
+        # что-то решила на всякий случай подготовить строки )
+        values = buses_services.map { |arr| sprintf("(%s, %s)", arr[0], arr[1]) }.join(", ")
+        sql = "INSERT INTO buses_services (bus_id, service_id) VALUES #{values};"
+        ActiveRecord::Base.connection.execute(sql)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  private
+
+  attr_reader :file
+
+  def clean_database
+    City.delete_all
+    Bus.delete_all
+    Service.delete_all
+    Trip.delete_all
+    ActiveRecord::Base.connection.execute('delete from buses_services;')
+  end
+end
diff --git a/app/views/trips/_delimiter.html.erb b/app/views/trips/_delimiter.html.erb
deleted file mode 100644
index 3f845ad0..00000000
--- a/app/views/trips/_delimiter.html.erb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-====================================================
diff --git a/app/views/trips/_service.html.erb b/app/views/trips/_service.html.erb
deleted file mode 100644
index 178ea8c0..00000000
--- a/app/views/trips/_service.html.erb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-<li><%= "#{service.name}" %></li>
diff --git a/app/views/trips/_services.html.erb b/app/views/trips/_services.html.erb
index 2de639fc..0be503e1 100644
--- a/app/views/trips/_services.html.erb
+++ b/app/views/trips/_services.html.erb
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <li>Сервисы в автобусе:</li>
 <ul>
   <% services.each do |service| %>
-    <%= render "service", service: service %>
+    <li><%= "#{service.name}" %></li>
   <% end %>
 </ul>
diff --git a/app/views/trips/index.html.erb b/app/views/trips/index.html.erb
index a60bce41..3be71bce 100644
--- a/app/views/trips/index.html.erb
+++ b/app/views/trips/index.html.erb
@@ -12,5 +12,5 @@
       <%= render "services", services: trip.bus.services %>
     <% end %>
   </ul>
-  <%= render "delimiter" %>
+  ====================================================
 <% end %>
diff --git a/case_study.md b/case_study.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bcc0edee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/case_study.md
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+## A. Импорт данных
+
+Метрика:
+- изначально замерила время на small.json - было около 15 секунд
+- далее меряла small.json -> medium.json -> large.json
+
+### Подготовка
+
+Сначала вынесла код в сервис-обжект (PORO) `TripsImporter` для удобства + написала базовый тест.  
+Далее стала смотреть, как оптимизировать.
+
+### Оптимизация - исследование
+
+Сначала попробовала поэтапно идти:
+
+- переписала на один insert trips, не трогая другие части; стало ещё медленнее - откатила пока
+- добавляла уникальные индексы на справочные данные + использовала upsert, но во-первых не так уж сильно оптимизировало, во-вторых оказалось, что `upsert` не возвращает id, если нет вставки. Тест не отловил, т.к. там одна поездка. Дописывать тест не стала (поленилась), но в реальном приложении нужно.  
+- попробовала рубипрофом попрофилировать, но такое себе - всё размазано, и так видно, что 100500 запросов идёт
+- попробовала проверить, какая часть занимает много времени, комментируя куски кода и запуская, в принципе довольно наглядно. Понятно, что insert trips и sessions долго работает (ожидаемо)
+- также смотрела рельсовые логи, видно, что также идёт 100500 мелких запросов
+- также померяла, что сама загрузка (parse и обход) json занимает не так много времени, поэтому уж пару раз можно пройтись
+
+### Оптимизация
+
+Решила сначала собрать справочные данные по городам, автобусам и тд, потом вставить справочные данные и запросить получившиеся id из бд и сформировать подходящие структуры данных для дальнейшего поиска при подготовке данных для trips. Попутно добавила уникальные индексы на `name` и тд.
+
+Далее пройтись ещё раз, подготовить данные по поездкам и услугам автобусов, и уже вставить их отдельно.
+
+Эта оптимизация была эффективной - файл large стал обрабатываться за ~ 3-3,35 секунды.
+
+```
+anna@vivosaurus:~/apps/rails-optimization-task3$ be rake reload_json[fixtures/large.json]
+3.356575947
+```
+
+```ruby
+task :reload_json, [:file_name] => :environment do |_task, args|
+  start_time = Time.current
+
+  TripsImporter.call(args.file_name)
+
+  end_time = Time.current
+
+  p end_time - start_time
+end
+```
+
+Решила рискнуть и попробовать на `1M.json`, получилось за 30 секунд. Как так? Все записи на месте в бд.
+
+## Б. Отображение расписаний
+
+Изначально время: 8329сек  
+
+Сразу видим в rack-mini-profiler 1437 sql-запросов, делаем includes:
+```ruby
+@trips = Trip.where(from: @from, to: @to).includes(bus: :services).order(:start_time)
+```
+
+Время: 3930
+
+Дальше видно, что очень много partials загружается:
+
+- убрала `partial` `service` (незачем в отдельном файле рендерить одну строчку, это не бесплатно)  
+
+Время: 2336  
+
+- убрала аналогично `partial` `delimiter` 
+
+Время: 632  
+
+Решила, что этого хватит.
+
diff --git a/config/database.yml b/config/database.yml
index e116cfa6..5feec182 100644
--- a/config/database.yml
+++ b/config/database.yml
@@ -17,6 +17,9 @@
 default: &default
   adapter: postgresql
   encoding: unicode
+  host: localhost
+  user: postgres
+  password: postgres
   # For details on connection pooling, see Rails configuration guide
   # http://guides.rubyonrails.org/configuring.html#database-pooling
   pool: <%= ENV.fetch("RAILS_MAX_THREADS") { 5 } %>
diff --git a/db/migrate/20250214163423_add_unique_index_to_services.rb b/db/migrate/20250214163423_add_unique_index_to_services.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b4623761
--- /dev/null
+++ b/db/migrate/20250214163423_add_unique_index_to_services.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+class AddUniqueIndexToServices < ActiveRecord::Migration[8.0]
+  disable_ddl_transaction!
+
+  def change
+    add_index :services, :name, unique: true, algorithm: :concurrently
+  end
+end
diff --git a/db/migrate/20250214164236_add_unique_index_to_bus_numbers.rb b/db/migrate/20250214164236_add_unique_index_to_bus_numbers.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..929a49a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/db/migrate/20250214164236_add_unique_index_to_bus_numbers.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+class AddUniqueIndexToBusNumbers < ActiveRecord::Migration[8.0]
+  disable_ddl_transaction!
+
+  def change
+    add_index :buses, :number, unique: true, algorithm: :concurrently
+  end
+end
diff --git a/db/migrate/20250214175040_add_unique_index_to_cities.rb b/db/migrate/20250214175040_add_unique_index_to_cities.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..850e3007
--- /dev/null
+++ b/db/migrate/20250214175040_add_unique_index_to_cities.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+class AddUniqueIndexToCities < ActiveRecord::Migration[8.0]
+  disable_ddl_transaction!
+
+  def change
+    add_index :cities, :name, unique: true, algorithm: :concurrently
+  end
+end
diff --git a/db/migrate/20250214185429_add_unique_index_to_buses_services.rb b/db/migrate/20250214185429_add_unique_index_to_buses_services.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f759751a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/db/migrate/20250214185429_add_unique_index_to_buses_services.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+class AddUniqueIndexToBusesServices < ActiveRecord::Migration[8.0]
+  disable_ddl_transaction!
+
+  def change
+    add_index :buses_services, [:bus_id, :service_id], unique: true, algorithm: :concurrently
+  end
+end
diff --git a/db/schema.rb b/db/schema.rb
index f6921e45..fe1390a2 100644
--- a/db/schema.rb
+++ b/db/schema.rb
@@ -2,35 +2,38 @@
 # of editing this file, please use the migrations feature of Active Record to
 # incrementally modify your database, and then regenerate this schema definition.
 #
-# Note that this schema.rb definition is the authoritative source for your
-# database schema. If you need to create the application database on another
-# system, you should be using db:schema:load, not running all the migrations
-# from scratch. The latter is a flawed and unsustainable approach (the more migrations
-# you'll amass, the slower it'll run and the greater likelihood for issues).
+# This file is the source Rails uses to define your schema when running `bin/rails
+# db:schema:load`. When creating a new database, `bin/rails db:schema:load` tends to
+# be faster and is potentially less error prone than running all of your
+# migrations from scratch. Old migrations may fail to apply correctly if those
+# migrations use external dependencies or application code.
 #
 # It's strongly recommended that you check this file into your version control system.
 
-ActiveRecord::Schema.define(version: 2019_03_30_193044) do
-
+ActiveRecord::Schema[8.0].define(version: 2025_02_14_185429) do
   # These are extensions that must be enabled in order to support this database
-  enable_extension "plpgsql"
+  enable_extension "pg_catalog.plpgsql"
 
   create_table "buses", force: :cascade do |t|
     t.string "number"
     t.string "model"
+    t.index ["number"], name: "index_buses_on_number", unique: true
   end
 
   create_table "buses_services", force: :cascade do |t|
     t.integer "bus_id"
     t.integer "service_id"
+    t.index ["bus_id", "service_id"], name: "index_buses_services_on_bus_id_and_service_id", unique: true
   end
 
   create_table "cities", force: :cascade do |t|
     t.string "name"
+    t.index ["name"], name: "index_cities_on_name", unique: true
   end
 
   create_table "services", force: :cascade do |t|
     t.string "name"
+    t.index ["name"], name: "index_services_on_name", unique: true
   end
 
   create_table "trips", force: :cascade do |t|
@@ -41,5 +44,4 @@
     t.integer "price_cents"
     t.integer "bus_id"
   end
-
 end
diff --git a/lib/tasks/utils.rake b/lib/tasks/utils.rake
index 540fe871..beb3b4f2 100644
--- a/lib/tasks/utils.rake
+++ b/lib/tasks/utils.rake
@@ -1,34 +1,12 @@
 # Наивная загрузка данных из json-файла в БД
 # rake reload_json[fixtures/small.json]
+
 task :reload_json, [:file_name] => :environment do |_task, args|
-  json = JSON.parse(File.read(args.file_name))
+  start_time = Time.current
 
-  ActiveRecord::Base.transaction do
-    City.delete_all
-    Bus.delete_all
-    Service.delete_all
-    Trip.delete_all
-    ActiveRecord::Base.connection.execute('delete from buses_services;')
+  TripsImporter.call(args.file_name)
 
-    json.each do |trip|
-      from = City.find_or_create_by(name: trip['from'])
-      to = City.find_or_create_by(name: trip['to'])
-      services = []
-      trip['bus']['services'].each do |service|
-        s = Service.find_or_create_by(name: service)
-        services << s
-      end
-      bus = Bus.find_or_create_by(number: trip['bus']['number'])
-      bus.update(model: trip['bus']['model'], services: services)
+  end_time = Time.current
 
-      Trip.create!(
-        from: from,
-        to: to,
-        bus: bus,
-        start_time: trip['start_time'],
-        duration_minutes: trip['duration_minutes'],
-        price_cents: trip['price_cents'],
-      )
-    end
-  end
+  p end_time - start_time
 end
diff --git a/spec/rails_helper.rb b/spec/rails_helper.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cb2ba553
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/rails_helper.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+# This file is copied to spec/ when you run 'rails generate rspec:install'
+require 'spec_helper'
+ENV['RAILS_ENV'] ||= 'test'
+require_relative '../config/environment'
+# Prevent database truncation if the environment is production
+abort("The Rails environment is running in production mode!") if Rails.env.production?
+# Uncomment the line below in case you have `--require rails_helper` in the `.rspec` file
+# that will avoid rails generators crashing because migrations haven't been run yet
+# return unless Rails.env.test?
+require 'rspec/rails'
+# Add additional requires below this line. Rails is not loaded until this point!
+
+# Requires supporting ruby files with custom matchers and macros, etc, in
+# spec/support/ and its subdirectories. Files matching `spec/**/*_spec.rb` are
+# run as spec files by default. This means that files in spec/support that end
+# in _spec.rb will both be required and run as specs, causing the specs to be
+# run twice. It is recommended that you do not name files matching this glob to
+# end with _spec.rb. You can configure this pattern with the --pattern
+# option on the command line or in ~/.rspec, .rspec or `.rspec-local`.
+#
+# The following line is provided for convenience purposes. It has the downside
+# of increasing the boot-up time by auto-requiring all files in the support
+# directory. Alternatively, in the individual `*_spec.rb` files, manually
+# require only the support files necessary.
+#
+# Rails.root.glob('spec/support/**/*.rb').sort_by(&:to_s).each { |f| require f }
+
+# Checks for pending migrations and applies them before tests are run.
+# If you are not using ActiveRecord, you can remove these lines.
+begin
+  ActiveRecord::Migration.maintain_test_schema!
+rescue ActiveRecord::PendingMigrationError => e
+  abort e.to_s.strip
+end
+RSpec.configure do |config|
+  # Remove this line if you're not using ActiveRecord or ActiveRecord fixtures
+  config.fixture_paths = [
+    Rails.root.join('spec/fixtures')
+  ]
+
+  # If you're not using ActiveRecord, or you'd prefer not to run each of your
+  # examples within a transaction, remove the following line or assign false
+  # instead of true.
+  config.use_transactional_fixtures = true
+
+  # You can uncomment this line to turn off ActiveRecord support entirely.
+  # config.use_active_record = false
+
+  # RSpec Rails uses metadata to mix in different behaviours to your tests,
+  # for example enabling you to call `get` and `post` in request specs. e.g.:
+  #
+  #     RSpec.describe UsersController, type: :request do
+  #       # ...
+  #     end
+  #
+  # The different available types are documented in the features, such as in
+  # https://rspec.info/features/7-1/rspec-rails
+  #
+  # You can also this infer these behaviours automatically by location, e.g.
+  # /spec/models would pull in the same behaviour as `type: :model` but this
+  # behaviour is considered legacy and will be removed in a future version.
+  #
+  # To enable this behaviour uncomment the line below.
+  # config.infer_spec_type_from_file_location!
+
+  # Filter lines from Rails gems in backtraces.
+  config.filter_rails_from_backtrace!
+  # arbitrary gems may also be filtered via:
+  # config.filter_gems_from_backtrace("gem name")
+end
diff --git a/spec/services/trips_importer_spec.rb b/spec/services/trips_importer_spec.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..08fb997f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/services/trips_importer_spec.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+require "rails_helper"
+
+RSpec.describe TripsImporter, type: :service do
+  it "imports cities and trips" do
+    expect do
+      described_class.call(Rails.root.join("fixtures/example.json"))
+    end.to change(City, :count).by(2).and change(Service, :count).by(2).and change(Bus, :count).by(1).and change(Trip, :count).by(10)
+
+    expect(Bus.last.services.count).to eq(2)
+  end
+end
diff --git a/spec/spec_helper.rb b/spec/spec_helper.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..327b58ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/spec_helper.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+# This file was generated by the `rails generate rspec:install` command. Conventionally, all
+# specs live under a `spec` directory, which RSpec adds to the `$LOAD_PATH`.
+# The generated `.rspec` file contains `--require spec_helper` which will cause
+# this file to always be loaded, without a need to explicitly require it in any
+# files.
+#
+# Given that it is always loaded, you are encouraged to keep this file as
+# light-weight as possible. Requiring heavyweight dependencies from this file
+# will add to the boot time of your test suite on EVERY test run, even for an
+# individual file that may not need all of that loaded. Instead, consider making
+# a separate helper file that requires the additional dependencies and performs
+# the additional setup, and require it from the spec files that actually need
+# it.
+#
+# See https://rubydoc.info/gems/rspec-core/RSpec/Core/Configuration
+RSpec.configure do |config|
+  # rspec-expectations config goes here. You can use an alternate
+  # assertion/expectation library such as wrong or the stdlib/minitest
+  # assertions if you prefer.
+  config.expect_with :rspec do |expectations|
+    # This option will default to `true` in RSpec 4. It makes the `description`
+    # and `failure_message` of custom matchers include text for helper methods
+    # defined using `chain`, e.g.:
+    #     be_bigger_than(2).and_smaller_than(4).description
+    #     # => "be bigger than 2 and smaller than 4"
+    # ...rather than:
+    #     # => "be bigger than 2"
+    expectations.include_chain_clauses_in_custom_matcher_descriptions = true
+  end
+
+  # rspec-mocks config goes here. You can use an alternate test double
+  # library (such as bogus or mocha) by changing the `mock_with` option here.
+  config.mock_with :rspec do |mocks|
+    # Prevents you from mocking or stubbing a method that does not exist on
+    # a real object. This is generally recommended, and will default to
+    # `true` in RSpec 4.
+    mocks.verify_partial_doubles = true
+  end
+
+  # This option will default to `:apply_to_host_groups` in RSpec 4 (and will
+  # have no way to turn it off -- the option exists only for backwards
+  # compatibility in RSpec 3). It causes shared context metadata to be
+  # inherited by the metadata hash of host groups and examples, rather than
+  # triggering implicit auto-inclusion in groups with matching metadata.
+  config.shared_context_metadata_behavior = :apply_to_host_groups
+
+# The settings below are suggested to provide a good initial experience
+# with RSpec, but feel free to customize to your heart's content.
+=begin
+  # This allows you to limit a spec run to individual examples or groups
+  # you care about by tagging them with `:focus` metadata. When nothing
+  # is tagged with `:focus`, all examples get run. RSpec also provides
+  # aliases for `it`, `describe`, and `context` that include `:focus`
+  # metadata: `fit`, `fdescribe` and `fcontext`, respectively.
+  config.filter_run_when_matching :focus
+
+  # Allows RSpec to persist some state between runs in order to support
+  # the `--only-failures` and `--next-failure` CLI options. We recommend
+  # you configure your source control system to ignore this file.
+  config.example_status_persistence_file_path = "spec/examples.txt"
+
+  # Limits the available syntax to the non-monkey patched syntax that is
+  # recommended. For more details, see:
+  # https://rspec.info/features/3-12/rspec-core/configuration/zero-monkey-patching-mode/
+  config.disable_monkey_patching!
+
+  # Many RSpec users commonly either run the entire suite or an individual
+  # file, and it's useful to allow more verbose output when running an
+  # individual spec file.
+  if config.files_to_run.one?
+    # Use the documentation formatter for detailed output,
+    # unless a formatter has already been configured
+    # (e.g. via a command-line flag).
+    config.default_formatter = "doc"
+  end
+
+  # Print the 10 slowest examples and example groups at the
+  # end of the spec run, to help surface which specs are running
+  # particularly slow.
+  config.profile_examples = 10
+
+  # Run specs in random order to surface order dependencies. If you find an
+  # order dependency and want to debug it, you can fix the order by providing
+  # the seed, which is printed after each run.
+  #     --seed 1234
+  config.order = :random
+
+  # Seed global randomization in this process using the `--seed` CLI option.
+  # Setting this allows you to use `--seed` to deterministically reproduce
+  # test failures related to randomization by passing the same `--seed` value
+  # as the one that triggered the failure.
+  Kernel.srand config.seed
+=end
+end