seleniumhq.github.io/website_and_docs/content/documentation/webdriver/interactions/windows.en.md at c5ccd149e2f621635d2ca8fcd87ea7c346b5ceb7 · itsveence/seleniumhq.github.io

title

Working with windows and tabs

linkTitle

Windows

weight

aliases

/documentation/webdriver/browser/windows

Windows and tabs

Get window handle

WebDriver does not make the distinction between windows and tabs. If your site opens a new tab or window, Selenium will let you work with it using a window handle. Each window has a unique identifier which remains persistent in a single session. You can get the window handle of the current window by using:

{{< tabpane langEqualsHeader=true >}} {{< badge-examples >}} {{< tab header="Java" text=true >}} {{< gh-codeblock path="/examples/java/src/test/java/dev/selenium/interactions/WindowsTest.java#L16-L20" >}} {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="Python" text=true >}} {{< gh-codeblock path="/examples/python/tests/interactions/test_windows.py#L16-L18" >}} {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="CSharp" text=true >}} {{< gh-codeblock path="/examples/dotnet/SeleniumDocs/Interactions/WindowsTest.cs#L17-L21" >}} {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="Ruby" >}}driver.window_handle{{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="JavaScript" >}}await driver.getWindowHandle();{{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="Kotlin" >}}driver.windowHandle{{< /tab >}} {{< /tabpane >}}

Switching windows or tabs

Clicking a link which opens in a new window will focus the new window or tab on screen, but WebDriver will not know which window the Operating System considers active. To work with the new window you will need to switch to it. For this, we fetch all window handles, and store them in an array. The array position fills in the order the window is launched. So first position will be default browser, and so on.

{{< tab header="CSharp" text=true >}} {{< gh-codeblock path="/examples/dotnet/SeleniumDocs/Interactions/WindowsTest.cs#L23-L30" >}} {{< /tab >}}

# Store the ID of the original window

original_window = driver.window_handle

# Check we don't have other windows open already

assert(driver.window_handles.length == 1, 'Expected one window')

# Click the link which opens in a new window

driver.find_element(link: 'new window').click

# Wait for the new window or tab

wait.until { driver.window_handles.length == 2 }

#Loop through until we find a new window handle

driver.window_handles.each do |handle| if handle != original_window driver.switch_to.window handle break end end

#Wait for the new tab to finish loading content

wait.until { driver.title == 'Selenium documentation'} {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="JavaScript" >}} //Store the ID of the original window const originalWindow = await driver.getWindowHandle();

//Check we don't have other windows open already assert((await driver.getAllWindowHandles()).length === 1);

//Click the link which opens in a new window await driver.findElement(By.linkText('new window')).click();

//Wait for the new window or tab await driver.wait( async () => (await driver.getAllWindowHandles()).length === 2, 10000 );

//Loop through until we find a new window handle const windows = await driver.getAllWindowHandles(); windows.forEach(async handle => { if (handle !== originalWindow) { await driver.switchTo().window(handle); } });

//Wait for the new tab to finish loading content await driver.wait(until.titleIs('Selenium documentation'), 10000); {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="Kotlin" >}} //Store the ID of the original window val originalWindow = driver.getWindowHandle()

//Check we don't have other windows open already assert(driver.getWindowHandles().size() === 1)

//Click the link which opens in a new window driver.findElement(By.linkText("new window")).click()

//Wait for the new window or tab wait.until(numberOfWindowsToBe(2))

//Loop through until we find a new window handle for (windowHandle in driver.getWindowHandles()) { if (!originalWindow.contentEquals(windowHandle)) { driver.switchTo().window(windowHandle) break } }

//Wait for the new tab to finish loading content wait.until(titleIs("Selenium documentation"))

Closing a window or tab

When you are finished with a window or tab and it is not the last window or tab open in your browser, you should close it and switch back to the window you were using previously. Assuming you followed the code sample in the previous section you will have the previous window handle stored in a variable. Put this together and you will get:

{{< tab header="CSharp" text=true >}}

{{< gh-codeblock path="/examples/dotnet/SeleniumDocs/Interactions/WindowsTest.cs#L32-L35" >}} {{< /tab >}}

{{< tab header="Ruby" >}} #Close the tab or window driver.close

#Switch back to the old tab or window

driver.switch_to.window original_window {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="JavaScript" >}} //Close the tab or window await driver.close();

//Switch back to the old tab or window await driver.switchTo().window(originalWindow); {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="Kotlin" >}} //Close the tab or window driver.close()

//Switch back to the old tab or window driver.switchTo().window(originalWindow)

Forgetting to switch back to another window handle after closing a window will leave WebDriver executing on the now closed page, and will trigger a No Such Window Exception. You must switch back to a valid window handle in order to continue execution.

Create new window (or) new tab and switch

Creates a new window (or) tab and will focus the new window or tab on screen. You don't need to switch to work with the new window (or) tab. If you have more than two windows (or) tabs opened other than the new window, you can loop over both windows or tabs that WebDriver can see, and switch to the one which is not the original.

Note: This feature works with Selenium 4 and later versions.

{{< tab header="CSharp" text=true >}} {{< gh-codeblock path="/examples/dotnet/SeleniumDocs/Interactions/WindowsTest.cs#L37-L43" >}} {{< /tab >}}

{{% tab header="Ruby" text=true %}} Opens a new tab and switches to new tab: {{< gh-codeblock path="/examples/ruby/spec/interactions/windows_spec.rb#L9" >}}

Opens a new window and switches to new window: {{< gh-codeblock path="/examples/ruby/spec/interactions/windows_spec.rb#L15" >}} {{% /tab %}} {{< tab header="JavaScript" text=true >}} Opens a new tab and switches to new tab {{< gh-codeblock path="/examples/javascript/test/interactions/windows.spec.js#L70" >}}

Opens a new window and switches to new window: {{< gh-codeblock path="/examples/javascript/test/interactions/windows.spec.js#L75" >}} {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="Kotlin" >}} // Opens a new tab and switches to new tab driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.TAB)

// Opens a new window and switches to new window driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.WINDOW) {{< /tab >}} {{< /tabpane >}}

Quitting the browser at the end of a session

When you are finished with the browser session you should call quit, instead of close:

{{< tab header="CSharp" text=true >}} {{< gh-codeblock path="/examples/dotnet/SeleniumDocs/Interactions/WindowsTest.cs#L45-L46" >}} {{< /tab >}}

{{< tab header="Ruby" >}}driver.quit{{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="JavaScript" >}}await driver.quit();{{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="Kotlin" >}}driver.quit(){{< /tab >}} {{< /tabpane >}}

Quit will:
- Close all the windows and tabs associated with that WebDriver session
- Close the browser process
- Close the background driver process
- Notify Selenium Grid that the browser is no longer in use so it can be used by another session (if you are using Selenium Grid)

Failure to call quit will leave extra background processes and ports running on your machine which could cause you problems later.

Some test frameworks offer methods and annotations which you can hook into to tear down at the end of a test.

{{< tabpane langEqualsHeader=true >}} {{< badge-examples >}} {{< tab header="Java" >}} /**

Example using JUnit
https://junit.org/junit5/docs/current/api/org/junit/jupiter/api/AfterAll.html */ @AfterAll public static void tearDown() { driver.quit(); } {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="Python" >}}
unittest teardown

https://docs.python.org/3/library/unittest.html?highlight=teardown#unittest.TestCase.tearDown

def tearDown(self): self.driver.quit() {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="CSharp" >}} /* Example using Visual Studio's UnitTesting https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/microsoft.visualstudio.testtools.unittesting.aspx / [TestCleanup] public void TearDown() { driver.Quit(); } {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="Ruby" >}} # UnitTest Teardown # https://www.rubydoc.info/github/test-unit/test-unit/Test/Unit/TestCase def teardown @driver.quit end {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="JavaScript" >}} /*

Example using Mocha
https://mochajs.org/#hooks */ after('Tear down', async function () { await driver.quit(); }); {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="Kotlin" >}}

/**

Example using JUnit
https://junit.org/junit5/docs/current/api/org/junit/jupiter/api/AfterAll.html */ @AfterAll fun tearDown() { driver.quit() } {{< /tab >}} {{< /tabpane >}}

If not running WebDriver in a test context, you may consider using try / finally which is offered by most languages so that an exception will still clean up the WebDriver session.

{{< tabpane langEqualsHeader=true >}} {{< badge-examples >}} {{< tab header="Java" >}} try { //WebDriver code here... } finally { driver.quit(); } {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="Python" >}} try: #WebDriver code here... finally: driver.quit() {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="CSharp" >}} try { //WebDriver code here... } finally { driver.Quit(); } {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="Ruby" >}} begin #WebDriver code here... ensure driver.quit end {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="JavaScript" >}} try { //WebDriver code here... } finally { await driver.quit(); } {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="Kotlin" >}} try { //WebDriver code here... } finally { driver.quit() } {{< /tab >}} {{< /tabpane >}}

Python's WebDriver now supports the python context manager, which when using the with keyword can automatically quit the driver at the end of execution.

with webdriver.Firefox() as driver:
  # WebDriver code here...

# WebDriver will automatically quit after indentation

Window management

Screen resolution can impact how your web application renders, so WebDriver provides mechanisms for moving and resizing the browser window.

Get window size

Fetches the size of the browser window in pixels.

{{< tabpane langEqualsHeader=true >}} {{< badge-examples >}} {{< tab header="Java" >}} //Access each dimension individually int width = driver.manage().window().getSize().getWidth(); int height = driver.manage().window().getSize().getHeight();

//Or store the dimensions and query them later Dimension size = driver.manage().window().getSize(); int width1 = size.getWidth(); int height1 = size.getHeight(); {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="Python" >}} # Access each dimension individually width = driver.get_window_size().get("width") height = driver.get_window_size().get("height")

# Or store the dimensions and query them later

size = driver.get_window_size() width1 = size.get("width") height1 = size.get("height") {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="CSharp" >}} //Access each dimension individually int width = driver.Manage().Window.Size.Width; int height = driver.Manage().Window.Size.Height;

//Or store the dimensions and query them later System.Drawing.Size size = driver.Manage().Window.Size; int width1 = size.Width; int height1 = size.Height; {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="Ruby" >}} # Access each dimension individually width = driver.manage.window.size.width height = driver.manage.window.size.height

# Or store the dimensions and query them later

size = driver.manage.window.size width1 = size.width height1 = size.height {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="JavaScript" text=true >}} Access each dimension individually {{< gh-codeblock path="/examples/javascript/test/interactions/windows.spec.js#L93" >}}

(or) store the dimensions and query them later {{< gh-codeblock path="/examples/javascript/test/interactions/windows.spec.js#L96-L98" >}} {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="Kotlin" >}} //Access each dimension individually val width = driver.manage().window().size.width val height = driver.manage().window().size.height

//Or store the dimensions and query them later val size = driver.manage().window().size val width1 = size.width val height1 = size.height {{< /tab >}} {{< /tabpane >}}

Set window size

Restores the window and sets the window size. {{< tabpane langEqualsHeader=true >}} {{< badge-examples >}} {{< tab header="Java" >}}driver.manage().window().setSize(new Dimension(1024, 768));{{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="Python" >}}driver.set_window_size(1024, 768){{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="CSharp" >}}driver.Manage().Window.Size = new Size(1024, 768);{{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="Ruby" >}}driver.manage.window.resize_to(1024,768){{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="JavaScript" >}}await driver.manage().window().setRect({ width: 1024, height: 768 });{{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="Kotlin" >}}driver.manage().window().size = Dimension(1024, 768){{< /tab >}} {{< /tabpane >}}

Get window position

Fetches the coordinates of the top left coordinate of the browser window.

{{< tabpane langEqualsHeader=true >}} {{< badge-examples >}} {{< tab header="Java" >}} // Access each dimension individually int x = driver.manage().window().getPosition().getX(); int y = driver.manage().window().getPosition().getY();

// Or store the dimensions and query them later Point position = driver.manage().window().getPosition(); int x1 = position.getX(); int y1 = position.getY(); {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="Python" >}} # Access each dimension individually x = driver.get_window_position().get('x') y = driver.get_window_position().get('y')

# Or store the dimensions and query them later

position = driver.get_window_position() x1 = position.get('x') y1 = position.get('y') {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="CSharp" >}} //Access each dimension individually int x = driver.Manage().Window.Position.X; int y = driver.Manage().Window.Position.Y;

//Or store the dimensions and query them later Point position = driver.Manage().Window.Position; int x1 = position.X; int y1 = position.Y; {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="Ruby" >}} #Access each dimension individually x = driver.manage.window.position.x y = driver.manage.window.position.y

# Or store the dimensions and query them later

rect = driver.manage.window.rect x1 = rect.x y1 = rect.y {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="JavaScript" text=true >}} Access each dimension individually {{< gh-codeblock path="/examples/javascript/test/interactions/windows.spec.js#L108" >}}

(or) store the dimensions and query them later {{< gh-codeblock path="/examples/javascript/test/interactions/windows.spec.js#L111-L113" >}} {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="Kotlin" >}} // Access each dimension individually val x = driver.manage().window().position.x val y = driver.manage().window().position.y

// Or store the dimensions and query them later val position = driver.manage().window().position val x1 = position.x val y1 = position.y

Set window position

Moves the window to the chosen position.

{{< tabpane langEqualsHeader=true >}} {{< badge-examples >}} {{< tab header="Java" >}} // Move the window to the top left of the primary monitor driver.manage().window().setPosition(new Point(0, 0)); {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="Python" >}} # Move the window to the top left of the primary monitor driver.set_window_position(0, 0) {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="CSharp" >}} // Move the window to the top left of the primary monitor driver.Manage().Window.Position = new Point(0, 0); {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="Ruby" >}} driver.manage.window.move_to(0,0) {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="JavaScript" >}} // Move the window to the top left of the primary monitor await driver.manage().window().setRect({ x: 0, y: 0 }); {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="Kotlin" >}} // Move the window to the top left of the primary monitor driver.manage().window().position = Point(0,0) {{< /tab >}} {{< /tabpane >}}

Maximize window

Enlarges the window. For most operating systems, the window will fill the screen, without blocking the operating system's own menus and toolbars.

{{< tabpane langEqualsHeader=true >}} {{< badge-examples >}} {{< tab header="Java" >}}driver.manage().window().maximize();{{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="Python" >}}driver.maximize_window(){{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="CSharp" >}}driver.Manage().Window.Maximize();{{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="Ruby" >}}driver.manage.window.maximize{{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="JavaScript" >}}await driver.manage().window().maximize();{{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="Kotlin" >}}driver.manage().window().maximize(){{< /tab >}} {{< /tabpane >}}

Minimize window

Minimizes the window of current browsing context. The exact behavior of this command is specific to individual window managers.

Minimize Window typically hides the window in the system tray.

Note: This feature works with Selenium 4 and later versions.

{{< tabpane langEqualsHeader=true >}} {{< badge-examples >}} {{< tab header="Java" >}}driver.manage().window().minimize();{{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="Python" >}}driver.minimize_window(){{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="CSharp" >}}driver.Manage().Window.Minimize();{{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="Ruby" >}}driver.manage.window.minimize{{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="JavaScript" >}}await driver.manage().window().minimize();{{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="Kotlin" >}}driver.manage().window().minimize(){{< /tab >}} {{< /tabpane >}}

Fullscreen window

Fills the entire screen, similar to pressing F11 in most browsers.

{{< tabpane langEqualsHeader=true >}} {{< badge-examples >}} {{< tab header="Java" >}}driver.manage().window().fullscreen();{{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="Python" >}}driver.fullscreen_window(){{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="CSharp" >}}driver.Manage().Window.FullScreen();{{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="Ruby" >}}driver.manage.window.full_screen{{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="JavaScript" >}}await driver.manage().window().fullscreen();{{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="Kotlin" >}}driver.manage().window().fullscreen(){{< /tab >}} {{< /tabpane >}}

TakeScreenshot

Used to capture screenshot for current browsing context. The WebDriver endpoint screenshot returns screenshot which is encoded in Base64 format.

{{< tabpane langEqualsHeader=true >}} {{< badge-examples >}} {{< tab header="Java" >}} import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import java.io.; import org.openqa.selenium.;

public class SeleniumTakeScreenshot { public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.get("http://www.example.com"); File scrFile = ((TakesScreenshot)driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE); FileUtils.copyFile(scrFile, new File("./image.png")); driver.quit(); } } {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="Python" >}} from selenium import webdriver

driver = webdriver.Chrome()

driver.get("http://www.example.com")

# Returns and base64 encoded string into image

driver.save_screenshot('./image.png')

driver.quit()

{{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="CSharp" >}} using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI;

var driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.Navigate().GoToUrl("http://www.example.com"); Screenshot screenshot = (driver as ITakesScreenshot).GetScreenshot(); screenshot.SaveAsFile("screenshot.png", ScreenshotImageFormat.Png); // Format values are Bmp, Gif, Jpeg, Png, Tiff {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="Ruby" >}} require 'selenium-webdriver' driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome

begin driver.get 'https://example.com/'

# Takes and Stores the screenshot in specified path

driver.save_screenshot('./image.png')

end {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="JavaScript" text=true >}} {{< gh-codeblock path="/examples/javascript/test/interactions/windows.spec.js#L56-L59" >}} {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="Kotlin" >}} import com.oracle.tools.packager.IOUtils.copyFile import org.openqa.selenium.* import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import java.io.File

fun main(){ val driver = ChromeDriver() driver.get("https://www.example.com") val scrFile = (driver as TakesScreenshot).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE) copyFile(scrFile, File("./image.png")) driver.quit() } {{< /tab >}} {{< /tabpane >}}

TakeElementScreenshot

Used to capture screenshot of an element for current browsing context. The WebDriver endpoint screenshot returns screenshot which is encoded in Base64 format.

{{< tabpane langEqualsHeader=true >}} {{< badge-examples >}} {{< tab header="Java" >}} import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils; import org.openqa.selenium.*; import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; import java.io.File; import java.io.IOException;

public class SeleniumelementTakeScreenshot { public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.get("https://www.example.com"); WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("h1")); File scrFile = element.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE); FileUtils.copyFile(scrFile, new File("./image.png")); driver.quit(); } } {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="Python" >}} from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

driver = webdriver.Chrome()

driver.get("http://www.example.com")

ele = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, 'h1')

# Returns and base64 encoded string into image

ele.screenshot('./image.png')

driver.quit() {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="CSharp" >}} using OpenQA.Selenium; using OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome; using OpenQA.Selenium.Support.UI;

// Webdriver
var driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.Navigate().GoToUrl("http://www.example.com");

// Fetch element using FindElement
var webElement = driver.FindElement(By.CssSelector("h1"));

// Screenshot for the element
var elementScreenshot = (webElement as ITakesScreenshot).GetScreenshot();
elementScreenshot.SaveAsFile("screenshot_of_element.png");

{{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="Ruby" >}} # Works with Selenium4-alpha7 Ruby bindings and above require 'selenium-webdriver' driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome

begin driver.get 'https://example.com/' ele = driver.find_element(:css, 'h1')

# Takes and Stores the element screenshot in specified path

ele.save_screenshot('./image.jpg') end {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="JavaScript" text=true >}} {{< gh-codeblock path="/examples/javascript/test/interactions/windows.spec.js#L44-L48" >}} {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="Kotlin" >}} import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver import org.openqa.selenium.* import java.io.File

fun main() { val driver = ChromeDriver() driver.get("https://www.example.com") val element = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("h1")) val scrFile: File = element.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE) FileUtils.copyFile(scrFile, File("./image.png")) driver.quit() } {{< /tab >}} {{< /tabpane >}}

Execute Script

Executes JavaScript code snippet in the current context of a selected frame or window.

{{< tabpane langEqualsHeader=true >}} {{< badge-examples >}} {{< tab header="Java" >}} //Creating the JavascriptExecutor interface object by Type casting JavascriptExecutor js = (JavascriptExecutor)driver; //Button Element WebElement button =driver.findElement(By.name("btnLogin")); //Executing JavaScript to click on element js.executeScript("arguments[0].click();", button); //Get return value from script String text = (String) js.executeScript("return arguments[0].innerText", button); //Executing JavaScript directly js.executeScript("console.log('hello world')"); {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="Python" >}} # Stores the header element header = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "h1")

# Executing JavaScript to capture innerText of header element

driver.execute_script('return arguments[0].innerText', header) {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="CSharp" >}} //creating Chromedriver instance IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); //Creating the JavascriptExecutor interface object by Type casting IJavaScriptExecutor js = (IJavaScriptExecutor) driver; //Button Element IWebElement button = driver.FindElement(By.Name("btnLogin")); //Executing JavaScript to click on element js.ExecuteScript("arguments[0].click();", button); //Get return value from script String text = (String)js.ExecuteScript("return arguments[0].innerText", button); //Executing JavaScript directly js.ExecuteScript("console.log('hello world')"); {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="Ruby" >}} # Stores the header element header = driver.find_element(css: 'h1')

# Get return value from script

result = driver.execute_script("return arguments[0].innerText", header)

# Executing JavaScript directly

driver.execute_script("alert('hello world')") {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="JavaScript" text=true >}} {{< gh-codeblock path="/examples/javascript/test/interactions/windows.spec.js#L33-L37" >}} {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="Kotlin" >}} // Stores the header element val header = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("h1"))

// Get return value from script val result = driver.executeScript("return arguments[0].innerText", header)

// Executing JavaScript directly driver.executeScript("alert('hello world')") {{< /tab >}} {{< /tabpane >}}

Print Page

Prints the current page within the browser.

Note: This requires Chromium Browsers to be in headless mode

{{< tabpane langEqualsHeader=true >}} {{< badge-examples >}} {{< tab header="Java" >}} import org.openqa.selenium.print.PrintOptions;

driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev");
printer = (PrintsPage) driver;

PrintOptions printOptions = new PrintOptions();
printOptions.setPageRanges("1-2");

Pdf pdf = printer.print(printOptions);
String content = pdf.getContent();

{{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="Python" >}} from selenium.webdriver.common.print_page_options import PrintOptions

print_options = PrintOptions()
print_options.page_ranges = ['1-2']

driver.get("printPage.html")

base64code = driver.print_page(print_options)

{{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="CSharp" >}} // code sample not available please raise a PR {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="Ruby" >}} driver.navigate_to 'https://www.selenium.dev'

base64encodedContent = driver.print_page(orientation: 'landscape')

{{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="JavaScript" text=true >}} {{< gh-codeblock path="/examples/javascript/test/interactions/windows.spec.js#L22-L25" >}} {{< /tab >}} {{< tab header="Kotlin" >}} driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev") val printer = driver as PrintsPage

val printOptions = PrintOptions()
printOptions.setPageRanges("1-2")

val pdf: Pdf = printer.print(printOptions)
val content = pdf.content

Provide feedback

Saved searches

Use saved searches to filter your results more quickly

Windows and tabs

Get window handle

Switching windows or tabs

Closing a window or tab

Create new window (or) new tab and switch

Quitting the browser at the end of a session

unittest teardown

https://docs.python.org/3/library/unittest.html?highlight=teardown#unittest.TestCase.tearDown

Window management

Get window size

Set window size

Get window position

Set window position

Maximize window

Minimize window

Fullscreen window

TakeScreenshot

TakeElementScreenshot

Execute Script

Print Page

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Windows and tabs

Get window handle

Switching windows or tabs

Closing a window or tab

Create new window (or) new tab and switch

Quitting the browser at the end of a session

unittest teardown

https://docs.python.org/3/library/unittest.html?highlight=teardown#unittest.TestCase.tearDown

Window management

Get window size

Set window size

Get window position

Set window position

Maximize window

Minimize window

Fullscreen window

TakeScreenshot

TakeElementScreenshot

Execute Script

Print Page