[Jest Error]: Cannot use import statement outside a module

[kouamschekina]

Describe the bug
When running tests in my project using ES modules, Jest throws the following error:
SyntaxError: Cannot use import statement outside a module.
This happens even after configuring Jest with transform and extensionsToTreatAsEsm. It seems that Jest cannot handle ES module syntax as expected in some configurations.

To Reproduce
Steps to reproduce the behavior:

1. Create a new Node.js project with "type": "module" in package.json.
2. Install jest.
3. Create a simple test file using import statements.
4. Run Jest with yarn jest
5. Observe the error: SyntaxError: Cannot use import statement outside a module.

Expected behavior
Jest should handle import statements correctly when configured to treat files as ES modules and transform them appropriately.

Environment:

• node -v: 18.20.4
• yarn --version: 1.22.22
• jest version: 29.7.0
• Operating system: Ubuntu 22.04.1 LTS (Linux based)

Prerequisites

• are you able to run jest from the command line? yes
• where do you run jest CLI from? root directory of the project
• how do you run your tests from the command line? yarn jest

Additional context
The issue persists even after trying common resolutions such as adding babel-jest, configuring transformIgnorePatterns, and treating extensions as ESM. Please let me know if additional steps or configurations could resolve this.

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