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配置 kubectl 只读访问权限

默认 k8s 集群安装后配置的 kubectl 客户端拥有所有的管理权限,而有时候我们需要把只读权限分发给普通开发人员,本文档将创建一个只读权限的kubectl 配置文档 kubeconfig。

创建

  • 执行如下命令成功后查看/root/.kube/read.config 即为只读权限
ansible-playbook /etc/ansible/roles/deploy/deploy.yml -t create_ro_kctl_cfg -e CREATE_READONLY_KUBECONFIG=true
  • 验证只读权限
$ kubectl --kubeconfig=/root/.kube/read.config get deploy -n kube-system
NAME                         READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
coredns                      2/2     2            2           13d
dashboard-metrics-scraper    1/1     1            1           13d
kubernetes-dashboard         1/1     1            1           13d
metrics-server               1/1     1            1           13d
traefik-ingress-controller   1/1     1            1           13d
$ kubectl --kubeconfig=/root/.kube/read.config delete deploy kubernetes-dashboard -n kube-system
Error from server (Forbidden): deployments.apps "kubernetes-dashboard" is forbidden: User "read" cannot delete resource "deployments" in API group "apps" in the namespace "kube-system"

讲解

对照文件/etc/ansible/roles/deploy/tasks/create-ro-kubeconfig.yml,创建主要包括三个步骤:

  • 创建 group:read rbac 权限
  • 创建 read 用户证书和私钥
  • 创建 kubeconfig

read rbac 权限

所有权限控制魔法在k8s中由rbac实现,所谓read权限类似于集群自带的clusterrole view,具体查看:

kubectl get clusterrole view -o yaml

read权限配置roles/deploy/files/read-group-rbac.yaml是在clusterrole view基础上增加了若干读权限(Nodes/Persistent Volume Claims)

read 用户证书

准备 read 证书请求:read-csr.json

{
  "CN": "read",
  "hosts": [],
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "ST": "HangZhou",
      "L": "XS",
      "O": "group:read",
      "OU": "System"
    }
  ]
}
  • 注意: O group:read,kube-apiserver 收到该证书后将请求的 Group 设置为group:read;之前步骤创建的 ClusterRoleBinding read-clusterrole-binding将 Group group:read与 ClusterRole read-clusterrole绑定,从而实现只读权限。

read kubeconfig

kubeconfig 为与apiserver交互使用的认证配置文件,如脚本步骤需要:

  • 设置集群参数,指定CA证书和apiserver地址
  • 设置客户端认证参数,指定使用read证书和私钥
  • 设置上下文参数,指定使用cluster集群和用户read
  • 设置指定默认上下文

创建完成后生成配置文件为/root/.kube/read.config,可以将该文件发给只读权限的普通用户

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参考