dhry.h

/*
 *************************************************************************
 *
 *                   "DHRYSTONE" Benchmark Program
 *                   -----------------------------
 *
 *  Version:    C, Version 2.1
 *
 *  File:       dhry.h (part 1 of 3)
 *
 *  Date:       May 25, 1988
 *
 *  Author:     Reinhold P. Weicker
 *              Siemens Nixdorf Inf. Syst.
 *              STM OS 32
 *              Otto-Hahn-Ring 6
 *              W-8000 Muenchen 83
 *              Germany
 *                      Phone:    [+49]-89-636-42436
 *                                (8-17 Central European Time)
 *                      UUCP:     weicker@ztivax.uucp@unido.uucp
 *                      Internet: weicker@ztivax.siemens.com
 *
 *              Original Version (in Ada) published in
 *              "Communications of the ACM" vol. 27., no. 10 (Oct. 1984),
 *              pp. 1013 - 1030, together with the statistics
 *              on which the distribution of statements etc. is based.
 *
 *              In this C version, the following C library functions are
 *              used:
 *              - strcpy, strcmp (inside the measurement loop)
 *              - printf, scanf (outside the measurement loop)
 *
 *  Collection of Results:
 *              Reinhold Weicker (address see above) and
 *
 *              Rick Richardson
 *              PC Research. Inc.
 *              94 Apple Orchard Drive
 *              Tinton Falls, NJ 07724
 *                      Phone:  (201) 834-1378 (9-17 EST)
 *                      UUCP:   ...!uunet!pcrat!rick
 *
 *      Please send results to Rick Richardson and/or Reinhold Weicker.
 *      Complete information should be given on hardware and software
 *      used. Hardware information includes: Machine type, CPU, type and
 *      size of caches; for microprocessors: clock frequency, memory speed
 *      (number of wait states). Software information includes: Compiler
 *      (and runtime library) manufacturer and version, compilation
 *      switches, OS version. The Operating System version may give an
 *      indication about the compiler; Dhrystone itself performs no OS
 *      calls in the measurement loop.
 *
 *      The complete output generated by the program should be mailed
 *      such that at least some checks for correctness can be made.
 *
 *************************************************************************
 *
 *  History:    This version C/2.1 has been made for two reasons:
 *
 *              1) There is an obvious need for a common C version of
 *              Dhrystone, since C is at present the most popular system
 *              programming language for the class of processors
 *              (microcomputers, minicomputers) where Dhrystone is used
 *              most. There should be, as far as possible, only one C
 *              version of Dhrystone such that results can be compared
 *              without restrictions. In the past, the C versions
 *              distributed by Rick Richardson (Version 1.1) and by
 *              Reinhold Weicker had small (though not significant)
 *              differences.
 *
 *              2) As far as it is possible without changes to the
 *              Dhrystone statistics, optimizing compilers should be
 *              prevented from removing significant statements.
 *
 *              This C version has been developed in cooperation with
 *              Rick Richardson (Tinton Falls, NJ), it incorporates many
 *              ideas from the "Version 1.1" distributed previously by
 *              him over the UNIX network Usenet.
 *              I also thank Chaim Benedelac (National Semiconductor),
 *              David Ditzel (SUN), Earl Killian and John Mashey (MIPS),
 *              Alan Smith and Rafael Saavedra-Barrera (UC at Berkeley)
 *              for their help with comments on earlier versions of the
 *              benchmark.
 *
 *  Changes:    In the initialization part, this version follows mostly
 *              Rick Richardson's version distributed via Usenet, not the
 *              version distributed earlier via floppy disk by Reinhold
 *              Weicker. As a concession to older compilers, names have
 *              been made unique within the first 8 characters. Inside the
 *              measurement loop, this version follows the version
 *              previously distributed by Reinhold Weicker.
 *
 *              At several places in the benchmark, code has been added,
 *              but within the measurement loop only in branches that
 *              are not executed. The intention is that optimizing
 *              compilers should be prevented from moving code out of the
 *              measurement loop, or from removing code altogether. Since
 *              the statements that are executed within the measurement
 *              loop have NOT been changed, the numbers defining the
 *              "Dhrystone distribution" (distribution of statements,
 *              operand types and locality) still hold. Except for
 *              sophisticated optimizing compilers, execution times for
 *              this version should be the same as for previous versions.
 *
 *              Since it has proven difficult to subtract the time for the
 *              measurement loop overhead in a correct way, the loop check
 *              has been made a part of the benchmark. This does have
 *              an impact - though a very minor one - on the distribution
 *              statistics which have been updated for this version.
 *
 *              All changes within the measurement loop are described
 *              and discussed in the companion paper "Rationale for
 *              Dhrystone version 2".
 *
 *              Because of the self-imposed limitation that the order and
 *              distribution of the executed statements should not be
 *              changed, there are still cases where optimizing compilers
 *              may not generate code for some statements. To a certain
 *              degree, this is unavoidable for small synthetic
 *              benchmarks. Users of the benchmark are advised to check
 *              code listings whether code is generated for all statements
 *              of Dhrystone.
 *
 *              Version 2.1 is identical to version 2.0 distributed via
 *              the UNIX network Usenet in March 1988 except that it
 *              corrects some minor deficiencies that were found by users
 *              of version 2.0. The only change within the measurement
 *              loop is that a non-executed "else" part was added to the
 *              "if" statement in Func_3, and a non-executed "else" part
 *              removed from Proc_3.
 *
 *************************************************************************
 *
 * Defines:     The following "Defines" are possible:
 *              -DROPT         (default: Not defined)
 *                      As an approximation to what an average C
 *                      programmer might do, the "register" storage class
 *                      is applied (if enabled by -DROPT)
 *                      - for local variables, if they are used
 *                        (dynamically) five or more times
 *                      - for parameters if they are used (dynamically)
 *                        six or more times
 *                      Note that an optimal "register" strategy is
 *                      compiler-dependent, and that "register"
 *                      declarations do not necessarily lead to faster
 *                      execution.
 *              -DNOSTRUCTASSIGN        (default: Not defined)
 *                      Define if the C compiler does not support
 *                      assignment of structures.
 *              -DNOENUMS               (default: Not defined)
 *                      Define if the C compiler does not support
 *                      enumeration types.
 *
 *************************************************************************
 *
 *  Compilation model and measurement (IMPORTANT):
 *
 *  This C version of Dhrystone consists of three files:
 *  - dhry.h (this file, containing global definitions and comments)
 *  - dhry_1.c (containing the code corresponding to Ada package Pack_1)
 *  - dhry_2.c (containing the code corresponding to Ada package Pack_2)
 *
 *  The following "ground rules" apply for measurements:
 *  - Separate compilation
 *  - No procedure merging
 *  - Otherwise, compiler optimizations are allowed but should be
 *    indicated
 *  - Default results are those without register declarations
 *  See the companion paper "Rationale for Dhrystone Version 2" for a more
 *  detailed discussion of these ground rules.
 *
 *  For 16-Bit processors (e.g. 80186, 80286), times for all compilation
 *  models ("small", "medium", "large" etc.) should be given if possible,
 *  together with a definition of these models for the compiler system
 *  used.
 *
 *************************************************************************
 *
 *  Dhrystone (C version) statistics:
 *
 *  [Comment from the first distribution, updated for version 2.
 *   Note that because of language differences, the numbers are slightly
 *   different from the Ada version.]
 *
 *  The following program contains statements of a high level programming
 *  language (here: C) in a distribution considered representative:
 *
 *    assignments                  52 (51.0 %)
 *    control statements           33 (32.4 %)
 *    procedure, function calls    17 (16.7 %)
 *
 *  103 statements are dynamically executed. The program is balanced with
 *  respect to the three aspects:
 *
 *    - statement type
 *    - operand type
 *    - operand locality
 *         operand global, local, parameter, or constant.
 *
 *  The combination of these three aspects is balanced only approximately.
 *
 *  1. Statement Type:
 *  -----------------             number
 *
 *     V1 = V2                     9
 *       (incl. V1 = F(..)
 *     V = Constant               12
 *     Assignment,                 7
 *       with array element
 *     Assignment,                 6
 *       with record component
 *                                --
 *                                34       34
 *
 *     X = Y +|-|"&&"|"|" Z        5
 *     X = Y +|-|"==" Constant     6
 *     X = X +|- 1                 3
 *     X = Y *|/ Z                 2
 *     X = Expression,             1
 *           two operators
 *     X = Expression,             1
 *           three operators
 *                                --
 *                                18       18
 *
 *     if ....                    14
 *       with "else"      7
 *       without "else"   7
 *           executed        3
 *           not executed    4
 *     for ...                     7  |  counted every time
 *     while ...                   4  |  the loop condition
 *     do ... while                1  |  is evaluated
 *     switch ...                  1
 *     break                       1
 *     declaration with            1
 *       initialization
 *                                --
 *                                34       34
 *
 *     P (...)  procedure call    11
 *       user procedure      10
 *       library procedure    1
 *     X = F (...)
 *             function  call      6
 *       user function        5
 *       library function     1
 *                                --
 *                                17       17
 *                                        ---
 *                                        103
 *
 *    The average number of parameters in procedure or function calls
 *    is 1.82 (not counting the function values as implicit parameters).
 *
 *
 *  2. Operators
 *  ------------
 *                          number    approximate
 *                                    percentage
 *
 *    Arithmetic             32          50.8
 *
 *       +                     21          33.3
 *       -                      7          11.1
 *       *                      3           4.8
 *       / (int div)            1           1.6
 *
 *    Comparison             27           42.8
 *
 *       ==                     9           14.3
 *       /=                     4            6.3
 *       >                      1            1.6
 *       <                      3            4.8
 *       >=                     1            1.6
 *       <=                     9           14.3
 *
 *    Logic                   4            6.3
 *
 *       && (AND-THEN)          1            1.6
 *       |  (OR)                1            1.6
 *       !  (NOT)               2            3.2
 *
 *                           --          -----
 *                           63          100.1
 *
 *
 *  3. Operand Type (counted once per operand reference):
 *  ---------------
 *                          number    approximate
 *                                    percentage
 *
 *     Integer               175        72.3 %
 *     Character              45        18.6 %
 *     Pointer                12         5.0 %
 *     String30                6         2.5 %
 *     Array                   2         0.8 %
 *     Record                  2         0.8 %
 *                           ---       -------
 *                           242       100.0 %
 *
 *  When there is an access path leading to the final operand (e.g. a
 *  record component), only the final data type on the access path is
 *  counted.
 *
 *
 *  4. Operand Locality:
 *  -------------------
 *                                number    approximate
 *                                          percentage
 *
 *     local variable              114        47.1 %
 *     global variable              22         9.1 %
 *     parameter                    45        18.6 %
 *        value                        23         9.5 %
 *        reference                    22         9.1 %
 *     function result               6         2.5 %
 *     constant                     55        22.7 %
 *                                 ---       -------
 *                                 242       100.0 %
 *
 *
 *  The program does not compute anything meaningful, but it is
 *  syntactically and semantically correct. All variables have a value
 *  assigned to them before they are used as a source operand.
 *
 *  There has been no explicit effort to account for the effects of a
 *  cache, or to balance the use of long or short displacements for code
 *  or data.
 *
 *************************************************************************
 */

/* Compiler and system dependent definitions: */

#define Mic_secs_Per_Second     1000000.0
                /* Berkeley UNIX C returns process times in seconds/HZ */

#ifdef  NOSTRUCTASSIGN
#define structassign(d, s)      memcpy(&(d), &(s), sizeof(d))
#else
#define structassign(d, s)      d = s
#endif

#ifdef  NOENUM
#define Ident_1 0
#define Ident_2 1
#define Ident_3 2
#define Ident_4 3
#define Ident_5 4
  typedef int   Enumeration;
#else
  typedef       enum    {Ident_1, Ident_2, Ident_3, Ident_4, Ident_5}
                Enumeration;
#endif
        /* for boolean and enumeration types in Ada, Pascal */

/* General definitions: */

#include <stdio.h>
                /* for strcpy, strcmp */

#define Null 0
                /* Value of a Null pointer */
#define true  1
#define false 0

typedef int     One_Thirty;
typedef int     One_Fifty;
typedef char    Capital_Letter;
typedef int     Boolean;
typedef char    Str_30 [31];
typedef int     Arr_1_Dim [50];
typedef int     Arr_2_Dim [50] [50];

typedef struct record
    {
    struct record *Ptr_Comp;
    Enumeration    Discr;
    union {
          struct {
                  Enumeration Enum_Comp;
                  int         Int_Comp;
                  char        Str_Comp [31];
                  } var_1;
          struct {
                  Enumeration E_Comp_2;
                  char        Str_2_Comp [31];
                  } var_2;
          struct {
                  char        Ch_1_Comp;
                  char        Ch_2_Comp;
                  } var_3;
          } variant;
      } Rec_Type, *Rec_Pointer;