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| 1 | + NATIONAL CENTERS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION |
| 2 | + GLOBAL SURFACE SUMMARY OF DAY DATA (GSOD) |
| 3 | + VERSION 7 |
| 4 | + (OVER 9000 WORLDWIDE STATIONS) |
| 5 | + 04/09/2020 |
| 6 | + |
| 7 | +******************************************************************** |
| 8 | + |
| 9 | +SPECIAL NOTES |
| 10 | + |
| 11 | +The data summaries provided here are based on data exchanged under |
| 12 | +the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) World Weather Watch Program |
| 13 | +according to WMO Resolution 40 (Cg-XII). This allows WMO member |
| 14 | +countries to place restrictions on the use or re-export of their data |
| 15 | +for commercial purposes outside of the receiving country. Data for |
| 16 | +selected countries may, at times, not be available through this system. |
| 17 | + |
| 18 | +Those countries' data summaries and products which are available |
| 19 | +here are intended for free and unrestricted use in research, |
| 20 | +education, and other non-commercial activities. However, for |
| 21 | +non-U.S. locations' data, the data or any derived product shall |
| 22 | +not be provided to other users or be used for the re-export of |
| 23 | +commercial services. |
| 24 | + |
| 25 | +To determine off-line availability of any country's data, please contact NCEI at |
| 26 | + |
| 27 | + |
| 28 | +828-271-4800 |
| 29 | + |
| 30 | +See our contact page at: |
| 31 | +www.ncei.noaa.gov/contact |
| 32 | + |
| 33 | +The data are available via: |
| 34 | + |
| 35 | +Web Accessible Folder -- https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/global-summary-of-the-day/ |
| 36 | +FTP -- ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/gsod |
| 37 | +Common Access -- https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/search/data-search/global-summary-of-the-day |
| 38 | + |
| 39 | +******************************************************************** |
| 40 | + |
| 41 | +OVERVIEW |
| 42 | + |
| 43 | +The following is a description of the global surface summary |
| 44 | +of day product produced by the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) |
| 45 | +in Asheville, NC. The input data used in building these daily |
| 46 | +summaries are the Integrated Surface Data (ISD), which includes |
| 47 | +global data obtained from the USAF Climatology Center, located |
| 48 | +in the Federal Climate Complex with NCEI. The latest daily summary |
| 49 | +data are normally available a few days after the date-time of the |
| 50 | +observations used in the daily summaries. The online data files begin |
| 51 | +with 1929, and are now at the Version 7 software level. Over 9000 |
| 52 | +stations' data are typically available. |
| 53 | + |
| 54 | +The daily elements included in the dataset (as available from each |
| 55 | +station) are: |
| 56 | + |
| 57 | +Mean temperature (.1 Fahrenheit) |
| 58 | +Mean dew point (.1 Fahrenheit) |
| 59 | +Mean sea level pressure (.1 mb) |
| 60 | +Mean station pressure (.1 mb) |
| 61 | +Mean visibility (.1 miles) |
| 62 | +Mean wind speed (.1 knots) |
| 63 | +Maximum sustained wind speed (.1 knots) |
| 64 | +Maximum wind gust (.1 knots) |
| 65 | +Maximum temperature (.1 Fahrenheit) |
| 66 | +Minimum temperature (.1 Fahrenheit) |
| 67 | +Precipitation amount (.01 inches) |
| 68 | +Snow depth (.1 inches) |
| 69 | +Indicator for occurrence of: Fog |
| 70 | + Rain or Drizzle |
| 71 | + Snow or Ice Pellets |
| 72 | + Hail |
| 73 | + Thunder |
| 74 | + Tornado/Funnel Cloud |
| 75 | + |
| 76 | +For details on the contents of the dataset, see the format |
| 77 | +documentation shown below. |
| 78 | + |
| 79 | +The data are available via: |
| 80 | +1) WWW -- http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-bin/res40.pl?page=gsod.html |
| 81 | +2) FTP -- ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/gsod via browser |
| 82 | +3) Command line ftp: |
| 83 | + |
| 84 | +a) Enter: open ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov |
| 85 | + |
| 86 | +b) Login is: ftp |
| 87 | + |
| 88 | +c) Password is: your email address |
| 89 | + |
| 90 | +d) To move to the correct subdirectory, enter: |
| 91 | + cd /pub/data/gsod |
| 92 | + |
| 93 | + The files included in this subdirectory are: |
| 94 | + |
| 95 | + Data Files-- |
| 96 | + |
| 97 | + Annual files: |
| 98 | + eg, gsod_2006.tar - All 2006 files (compressed) by station, in one tar file. |
| 99 | + etc, etc - For each annual volume. |
| 100 | + Note: Each year's data are contained in subdirectories/folders by year. |
| 101 | + |
| 102 | + Station files: |
| 103 | + eg, 010010-99999-2006.op.gz - Files by station year, identified by WMO number, |
| 104 | + WBAN number (if appropriate), and year. For a cross reference of the |
| 105 | + filenames with location, see: |
| 106 | + ish-history.txt |
| 107 | + |
| 108 | + Informational/Utility Files-- |
| 109 | + |
| 110 | + country-list.txt - A list showing the station number range for |
| 111 | + each country. |
| 112 | + |
| 113 | + ish-history.txt -- A station list to be used with the data files, |
| 114 | + showing the names and locations for each station. |
| 115 | + Note: Global summary of day contains a subset of the |
| 116 | + stations listed in this station history. |
| 117 | + |
| 118 | + readme.txt - A description of the data and its format. |
| 119 | + |
| 120 | +e) To get a copy of the data description, enter: |
| 121 | + get readme.txt destination (destination is your |
| 122 | + output location and name)...e.g.-- |
| 123 | + get readme.txt c:readme.txt - copies to hard drive c: |
| 124 | + |
| 125 | +f) Then, to get a copy of any of the other files, use |
| 126 | + the same procedure, such as-- |
| 127 | + get gsod_2006.tar c:data.txt |
| 128 | + |
| 129 | +g) To logoff the system when finished, enter: |
| 130 | + bye |
| 131 | + |
| 132 | +******************************************************************** |
| 133 | + |
| 134 | +DETAILS/FORMAT |
| 135 | + |
| 136 | +Global summary of day data for 18 surface meteorological elements |
| 137 | +are derived from the synoptic/hourly observations contained in |
| 138 | +USAF DATSAV3 Surface data and Federal Climate Complex Integrated |
| 139 | +Surface Data (ISD). Historical data are generally available for 1929 to |
| 140 | +the present, with data from 1973 to the present being the most complete. |
| 141 | +For some periods, one or more countries' data may not be available due to |
| 142 | +data restrictions or communications problems. In deriving the summary of |
| 143 | +day data, a minimum of 4 observations for the day must be present (allows |
| 144 | +for stations which report 4 synoptic observations/day). Since the data are |
| 145 | +converted to constant units (e.g, knots), slight rounding error from the |
| 146 | +originally reported values may occur (e.g, 9.9 instead of 10.0). |
| 147 | + |
| 148 | +The mean daily values described below are based on the hours of |
| 149 | +operation for the station. For some stations/countries, the |
| 150 | +visibility will sometimes 'cluster' around a value (such as 10 |
| 151 | +miles) due to the practice of not reporting visibilities greater |
| 152 | +than certain distances. The daily extremes and totals--maximum |
| 153 | +wind gust, precipitation amount, and snow depth--will only appear |
| 154 | +if the station reports the data sufficiently to provide a valid value. |
| 155 | +Therefore, these three elements will appear less frequently than |
| 156 | +other values. Also, these elements are derived from the stations' |
| 157 | +reports during the day, and may comprise a 24-hour period which |
| 158 | +includes a portion of the previous day. The data are reported and |
| 159 | +summarized based on Greenwich Mean Time (GMT, 0000Z - 2359Z) since |
| 160 | +the original synoptic/hourly data are reported and based on GMT. |
| 161 | + |
| 162 | +As for quality control (QC), the input data undergo extensive |
| 163 | +automated QC to correctly 'decode' as much of the synoptic data as |
| 164 | +possible, and to eliminate many of the random errors found in the |
| 165 | +original data. Then, these data are QC'ed further as the summary of |
| 166 | +day data are derived. However, we expect that a very small % of the |
| 167 | +errors will remain in the summary of day data. |
| 168 | + |
| 169 | +The data are strictly ASCII, with a mixture of character data, real |
| 170 | +values, and integer values. |
| 171 | + |
| 172 | +Following is the data format: |
| 173 | + |
| 174 | +First record--header record. |
| 175 | +All ensuing records--data records as described below. |
| 176 | +All 9's in a field (e.g., 99.99 for PRCP) indicates no report or |
| 177 | +insufficient data. |
| 178 | + |
| 179 | +FIELD POSITION TYPE DESCRIPTION |
| 180 | + |
| 181 | +STN--- 1-6 Int. Station number (WMO/DATSAV3 number) |
| 182 | + for the location. |
| 183 | + |
| 184 | +WBAN 8-12 Int. WBAN number where applicable--this is the |
| 185 | + historical "Weather Bureau Air Force Navy" |
| 186 | + number - with WBAN being the acronym. |
| 187 | + |
| 188 | +YEAR 15-18 Int. The year. |
| 189 | + |
| 190 | +MODA 19-22 Int. The month and day. |
| 191 | + |
| 192 | +TEMP 25-30 Real Mean temperature for the day in degrees |
| 193 | + Fahrenheit to tenths. Missing = 9999.9 |
| 194 | +Count 32-33 Int. Number of observations used in |
| 195 | + calculating mean temperature. |
| 196 | + |
| 197 | +DEWP 36-41 Real Mean dew point for the day in degrees |
| 198 | + Fahrenheit to tenths. Missing = 9999.9 |
| 199 | +Count 43-44 Int. Number of observations used in |
| 200 | + calculating mean dew point. |
| 201 | + |
| 202 | +SLP 47-52 Real Mean sea level pressure for the day |
| 203 | + in millibars to tenths. Missing = |
| 204 | + 9999.9 |
| 205 | +Count 54-55 Int. Number of observations used in |
| 206 | + calculating mean sea level pressure. |
| 207 | + |
| 208 | +STP 58-63 Real Mean station pressure for the day |
| 209 | + in millibars to tenths. Missing = |
| 210 | + 9999.9 |
| 211 | +Count 65-66 Int. Number of observations used in |
| 212 | + calculating mean station pressure. |
| 213 | + |
| 214 | +VISIB 69-73 Real Mean visibility for the day in miles |
| 215 | + to tenths. Missing = 999.9 |
| 216 | +Count 75-76 Int. Number of observations used in |
| 217 | + calculating mean visibility. |
| 218 | + |
| 219 | +WDSP 79-83 Real Mean wind speed for the day in knots |
| 220 | + to tenths. Missing = 999.9 |
| 221 | +Count 85-86 Int. Number of observations used in |
| 222 | + calculating mean wind speed. |
| 223 | + |
| 224 | +MXSPD 89-93 Real Maximum sustained wind speed reported |
| 225 | + for the day in knots to tenths. |
| 226 | + Missing = 999.9 |
| 227 | + |
| 228 | +GUST 96-100 Real Maximum wind gust reported for the day |
| 229 | + in knots to tenths. Missing = 999.9 |
| 230 | + |
| 231 | +MAX 103-108 Real Maximum temperature reported during the |
| 232 | + day in Fahrenheit to tenths--time of max |
| 233 | + temp report varies by country and |
| 234 | + region, so this will sometimes not be |
| 235 | + the max for the calendar day. Missing = |
| 236 | + 9999.9 |
| 237 | +Flag 109-109 Char Blank indicates max temp was taken from the |
| 238 | + explicit max temp report and not from the |
| 239 | + 'hourly' data. * indicates max temp was |
| 240 | + derived from the hourly data (i.e., highest |
| 241 | + hourly or synoptic-reported temperature). |
| 242 | + |
| 243 | +MIN 111-116 Real Minimum temperature reported during the |
| 244 | + day in Fahrenheit to tenths--time of min |
| 245 | + temp report varies by country and |
| 246 | + region, so this will sometimes not be |
| 247 | + the min for the calendar day. Missing = |
| 248 | + 9999.9 |
| 249 | +Flag 117-117 Char Blank indicates min temp was taken from the |
| 250 | + explicit min temp report and not from the |
| 251 | + 'hourly' data. * indicates min temp was |
| 252 | + derived from the hourly data (i.e., lowest |
| 253 | + hourly or synoptic-reported temperature). |
| 254 | + |
| 255 | +PRCP 119-123 Real Total precipitation (rain and/or melted |
| 256 | + snow) reported during the day in inches |
| 257 | + and hundredths; will usually not end |
| 258 | + with the midnight observation--i.e., |
| 259 | + may include latter part of previous day. |
| 260 | + .00 indicates no measurable |
| 261 | + precipitation (includes a trace). |
| 262 | + Missing = 99.99 |
| 263 | + Note: Many stations do not report '0' on |
| 264 | + days with no precipitation--therefore, |
| 265 | + '99.99' will often appear on these days. |
| 266 | + Also, for example, a station may only |
| 267 | + report a 6-hour amount for the period |
| 268 | + during which rain fell. |
| 269 | + See Flag field for source of data. |
| 270 | +Flag 124-124 Char A = 1 report of 6-hour precipitation |
| 271 | + amount. |
| 272 | + B = Summation of 2 reports of 6-hour |
| 273 | + precipitation amount. |
| 274 | + C = Summation of 3 reports of 6-hour |
| 275 | + precipitation amount. |
| 276 | + D = Summation of 4 reports of 6-hour |
| 277 | + precipitation amount. |
| 278 | + E = 1 report of 12-hour precipitation |
| 279 | + amount. |
| 280 | + F = Summation of 2 reports of 12-hour |
| 281 | + precipitation amount. |
| 282 | + G = 1 report of 24-hour precipitation |
| 283 | + amount. |
| 284 | + H = Station reported '0' as the amount |
| 285 | + for the day (eg, from 6-hour reports), |
| 286 | + but also reported at least one |
| 287 | + occurrence of precipitation in hourly |
| 288 | + observations--this could indicate a |
| 289 | + trace occurred, but should be considered |
| 290 | + as incomplete data for the day. |
| 291 | + I = Station did not report any precip data |
| 292 | + for the day and did not report any |
| 293 | + occurrences of precipitation in its hourly |
| 294 | + observations--it's still possible that |
| 295 | + precip occurred but was not reported. |
| 296 | + |
| 297 | +SNDP 126-130 Real Snow depth in inches to tenths--last |
| 298 | + report for the day if reported more than |
| 299 | + once. Missing = 999.9 |
| 300 | + Note: Most stations do not report '0' on |
| 301 | + days with no snow on the ground--therefore, |
| 302 | + '999.9' will often appear on these days. |
| 303 | + |
| 304 | +FRSHTT 133-138 Int. Indicators (1 = yes, 0 = no/not |
| 305 | + reported) for the occurrence during the |
| 306 | + day of: |
| 307 | + Fog ('F' - 1st digit). |
| 308 | + Rain or Drizzle ('R' - 2nd digit). |
| 309 | + Snow or Ice Pellets ('S' - 3rd digit). |
| 310 | + Hail ('H' - 4th digit). |
| 311 | + Thunder ('T' - 5th digit). |
| 312 | + Tornado or Funnel Cloud ('T' - 6th |
| 313 | + digit). |
| 314 | + |
| 315 | +******************************************************************** |
| 316 | + |
| 317 | +REFERENCE |
| 318 | + |
| 319 | +The NCEI Climate Services Branch (CSB) is responsible for |
| 320 | +distribution of NCEI products to users. NCEI's CSB can be |
| 321 | +contacted via the following phone number, internet address, or |
| 322 | +fax number. |
| 323 | + |
| 324 | +Telephone Number: 828-271-4800 |
| 325 | +Fax Number: 828-271-4876 |
| 326 | +Internet Address: [email protected] |
| 327 | +Website: www.ncei.noaa.gov |
| 328 | + |
| 329 | +******************************************************************** |
| 330 | + |
| 331 | +Richard Baldwin |
| 332 | +Chief, NCEI Data Access Branch |
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