diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir/src/def.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir/src/def.rs
index 459fe5935e06e..56457025b8884 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir/src/def.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir/src/def.rs
@@ -295,6 +295,12 @@ impl DefKind {
         }
     }
 
+    /// This is a "module" in name resolution sense.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn is_module_like(self) -> bool {
+        matches!(self, DefKind::Mod | DefKind::Enum | DefKind::Trait)
+    }
+
     #[inline]
     pub fn is_fn_like(self) -> bool {
         matches!(
@@ -720,6 +726,15 @@ impl<Id> Res<Id> {
         }
     }
 
+    /// If this is a "module" in name resolution sense, return its `DefId`.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn module_like_def_id(&self) -> Option<DefId> {
+        match self {
+            Res::Def(def_kind, def_id) if def_kind.is_module_like() => Some(*def_id),
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+
     /// A human readable name for the res kind ("function", "module", etc.).
     pub fn descr(&self) -> &'static str {
         match *self {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/decoder/cstore_impl.rs b/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/decoder/cstore_impl.rs
index 6943d4198df43..175a625d7ccc2 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/decoder/cstore_impl.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/decoder/cstore_impl.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use std::mem;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use rustc_attr_data_structures::Deprecation;
-use rustc_hir::def::{CtorKind, DefKind, Res};
+use rustc_hir::def::{CtorKind, DefKind};
 use rustc_hir::def_id::{CrateNum, DefId, DefIdMap, LOCAL_CRATE};
 use rustc_hir::definitions::{DefKey, DefPath, DefPathHash};
 use rustc_middle::arena::ArenaAllocatable;
@@ -510,10 +510,7 @@ pub(in crate::rmeta) fn provide(providers: &mut Providers) {
                         }
                         Entry::Vacant(entry) => {
                             entry.insert(parent);
-                            if matches!(
-                                child.res,
-                                Res::Def(DefKind::Mod | DefKind::Enum | DefKind::Trait, _)
-                            ) {
+                            if child.res.module_like_def_id().is_some() {
                                 bfs_queue.push_back(def_id);
                             }
                         }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/print/pretty.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/print/pretty.rs
index 1dba4a7b040a7..618a97adc5eea 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/print/pretty.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/print/pretty.rs
@@ -3453,9 +3453,7 @@ fn for_each_def(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, mut collect_fn: impl for<'b> FnMut(&'b Ident, N
                         collect_fn(&child.ident, ns, def_id);
                     }
 
-                    if matches!(defkind, DefKind::Mod | DefKind::Enum | DefKind::Trait)
-                        && seen_defs.insert(def_id)
-                    {
+                    if defkind.is_module_like() && seen_defs.insert(def_id) {
                         queue.push(def_id);
                     }
                 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/build_reduced_graph.rs b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/build_reduced_graph.rs
index eeb8cb893d75b..3187e7b2b92b8 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/build_reduced_graph.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/build_reduced_graph.rs
@@ -19,9 +19,9 @@ use rustc_expand::expand::AstFragment;
 use rustc_hir::def::{self, *};
 use rustc_hir::def_id::{CRATE_DEF_ID, DefId, LocalDefId};
 use rustc_metadata::creader::LoadedMacro;
+use rustc_middle::bug;
 use rustc_middle::metadata::ModChild;
-use rustc_middle::ty::Feed;
-use rustc_middle::{bug, ty};
+use rustc_middle::ty::{Feed, Visibility};
 use rustc_span::hygiene::{ExpnId, LocalExpnId, MacroKind};
 use rustc_span::{Ident, Span, Symbol, kw, sym};
 use tracing::debug;
@@ -32,55 +32,42 @@ use crate::imports::{ImportData, ImportKind};
 use crate::macros::{MacroRulesBinding, MacroRulesScope, MacroRulesScopeRef};
 use crate::{
     BindingKey, Determinacy, ExternPreludeEntry, Finalize, MacroData, Module, ModuleKind,
-    ModuleOrUniformRoot, NameBinding, NameBindingData, NameBindingKind, ParentScope, PathResult,
-    ResolutionError, Resolver, ResolverArenas, Segment, ToNameBinding, Used, VisResolutionError,
-    errors,
+    ModuleOrUniformRoot, NameBinding, ParentScope, PathResult, ResolutionError, Resolver, Segment,
+    Used, VisResolutionError, errors,
 };
 
 type Res = def::Res<NodeId>;
 
-impl<'ra, Id: Into<DefId>> ToNameBinding<'ra>
-    for (Module<'ra>, ty::Visibility<Id>, Span, LocalExpnId)
-{
-    fn to_name_binding(self, arenas: &'ra ResolverArenas<'ra>) -> NameBinding<'ra> {
-        arenas.alloc_name_binding(NameBindingData {
-            kind: NameBindingKind::Module(self.0),
-            ambiguity: None,
-            warn_ambiguity: false,
-            vis: self.1.to_def_id(),
-            span: self.2,
-            expansion: self.3,
-        })
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'ra, Id: Into<DefId>> ToNameBinding<'ra> for (Res, ty::Visibility<Id>, Span, LocalExpnId) {
-    fn to_name_binding(self, arenas: &'ra ResolverArenas<'ra>) -> NameBinding<'ra> {
-        arenas.alloc_name_binding(NameBindingData {
-            kind: NameBindingKind::Res(self.0),
-            ambiguity: None,
-            warn_ambiguity: false,
-            vis: self.1.to_def_id(),
-            span: self.2,
-            expansion: self.3,
-        })
-    }
-}
-
 impl<'ra, 'tcx> Resolver<'ra, 'tcx> {
     /// Defines `name` in namespace `ns` of module `parent` to be `def` if it is not yet defined;
     /// otherwise, reports an error.
-    pub(crate) fn define<T>(&mut self, parent: Module<'ra>, ident: Ident, ns: Namespace, def: T)
-    where
-        T: ToNameBinding<'ra>,
-    {
-        let binding = def.to_name_binding(self.arenas);
+    pub(crate) fn define_binding(
+        &mut self,
+        parent: Module<'ra>,
+        ident: Ident,
+        ns: Namespace,
+        binding: NameBinding<'ra>,
+    ) {
         let key = self.new_disambiguated_key(ident, ns);
         if let Err(old_binding) = self.try_define(parent, key, binding, false) {
             self.report_conflict(parent, ident, ns, old_binding, binding);
         }
     }
 
+    fn define(
+        &mut self,
+        parent: Module<'ra>,
+        ident: Ident,
+        ns: Namespace,
+        res: Res,
+        vis: Visibility<impl Into<DefId>>,
+        span: Span,
+        expn_id: LocalExpnId,
+    ) {
+        let binding = self.arenas.new_res_binding(res, vis.to_def_id(), span, expn_id);
+        self.define_binding(parent, ident, ns, binding)
+    }
+
     /// Walks up the tree of definitions starting at `def_id`,
     /// stopping at the first encountered module.
     /// Parent block modules for arbitrary def-ids are not recorded for the local crate,
@@ -121,7 +108,7 @@ impl<'ra, 'tcx> Resolver<'ra, 'tcx> {
         if !def_id.is_local() {
             // Query `def_kind` is not used because query system overhead is too expensive here.
             let def_kind = self.cstore().def_kind_untracked(def_id);
-            if let DefKind::Mod | DefKind::Enum | DefKind::Trait = def_kind {
+            if def_kind.is_module_like() {
                 let parent = self
                     .tcx
                     .opt_parent(def_id)
@@ -221,12 +208,11 @@ impl<'ra, 'tcx> Resolver<'ra, 'tcx> {
         let expansion = parent_scope.expansion;
         // Record primary definitions.
         match res {
-            Res::Def(DefKind::Mod | DefKind::Enum | DefKind::Trait, def_id) => {
-                let module = self.expect_module(def_id);
-                self.define(parent, ident, TypeNS, (module, vis, span, expansion));
-            }
             Res::Def(
-                DefKind::Struct
+                DefKind::Mod
+                | DefKind::Enum
+                | DefKind::Trait
+                | DefKind::Struct
                 | DefKind::Union
                 | DefKind::Variant
                 | DefKind::TyAlias
@@ -237,7 +223,7 @@ impl<'ra, 'tcx> Resolver<'ra, 'tcx> {
                 _,
             )
             | Res::PrimTy(..)
-            | Res::ToolMod => self.define(parent, ident, TypeNS, (res, vis, span, expansion)),
+            | Res::ToolMod => self.define(parent, ident, TypeNS, res, vis, span, expansion),
             Res::Def(
                 DefKind::Fn
                 | DefKind::AssocFn
@@ -246,9 +232,9 @@ impl<'ra, 'tcx> Resolver<'ra, 'tcx> {
                 | DefKind::AssocConst
                 | DefKind::Ctor(..),
                 _,
-            ) => self.define(parent, ident, ValueNS, (res, vis, span, expansion)),
+            ) => self.define(parent, ident, ValueNS, res, vis, span, expansion),
             Res::Def(DefKind::Macro(..), _) | Res::NonMacroAttr(..) => {
-                self.define(parent, ident, MacroNS, (res, vis, span, expansion))
+                self.define(parent, ident, MacroNS, res, vis, span, expansion)
             }
             Res::Def(
                 DefKind::TyParam
@@ -292,10 +278,10 @@ impl<'a, 'ra, 'tcx> BuildReducedGraphVisitor<'a, 'ra, 'tcx> {
         Res::Def(self.r.tcx.def_kind(def_id), def_id)
     }
 
-    fn resolve_visibility(&mut self, vis: &ast::Visibility) -> ty::Visibility {
+    fn resolve_visibility(&mut self, vis: &ast::Visibility) -> Visibility {
         self.try_resolve_visibility(vis, true).unwrap_or_else(|err| {
             self.r.report_vis_error(err);
-            ty::Visibility::Public
+            Visibility::Public
         })
     }
 
@@ -303,10 +289,10 @@ impl<'a, 'ra, 'tcx> BuildReducedGraphVisitor<'a, 'ra, 'tcx> {
         &mut self,
         vis: &'ast ast::Visibility,
         finalize: bool,
-    ) -> Result<ty::Visibility, VisResolutionError<'ast>> {
+    ) -> Result<Visibility, VisResolutionError<'ast>> {
         let parent_scope = &self.parent_scope;
         match vis.kind {
-            ast::VisibilityKind::Public => Ok(ty::Visibility::Public),
+            ast::VisibilityKind::Public => Ok(Visibility::Public),
             ast::VisibilityKind::Inherited => {
                 Ok(match self.parent_scope.module.kind {
                     // Any inherited visibility resolved directly inside an enum or trait
@@ -316,7 +302,7 @@ impl<'a, 'ra, 'tcx> BuildReducedGraphVisitor<'a, 'ra, 'tcx> {
                         self.r.tcx.visibility(def_id).expect_local()
                     }
                     // Otherwise, the visibility is restricted to the nearest parent `mod` item.
-                    _ => ty::Visibility::Restricted(
+                    _ => Visibility::Restricted(
                         self.parent_scope.module.nearest_parent_mod().expect_local(),
                     ),
                 })
@@ -364,9 +350,9 @@ impl<'a, 'ra, 'tcx> BuildReducedGraphVisitor<'a, 'ra, 'tcx> {
                         }
                         if module.is_normal() {
                             match res {
-                                Res::Err => Ok(ty::Visibility::Public),
+                                Res::Err => Ok(Visibility::Public),
                                 _ => {
-                                    let vis = ty::Visibility::Restricted(res.def_id());
+                                    let vis = Visibility::Restricted(res.def_id());
                                     if self.r.is_accessible_from(vis, parent_scope.module) {
                                         Ok(vis.expect_local())
                                     } else {
@@ -431,7 +417,7 @@ impl<'a, 'ra, 'tcx> BuildReducedGraphVisitor<'a, 'ra, 'tcx> {
         item: &ast::Item,
         root_span: Span,
         root_id: NodeId,
-        vis: ty::Visibility,
+        vis: Visibility,
     ) {
         let current_module = self.parent_scope.module;
         let import = self.r.arenas.alloc_import(ImportData {
@@ -479,7 +465,7 @@ impl<'a, 'ra, 'tcx> BuildReducedGraphVisitor<'a, 'ra, 'tcx> {
         list_stem: bool,
         // The whole `use` item
         item: &Item,
-        vis: ty::Visibility,
+        vis: Visibility,
         root_span: Span,
     ) {
         debug!(
@@ -697,7 +683,7 @@ impl<'a, 'ra, 'tcx> BuildReducedGraphVisitor<'a, 'ra, 'tcx> {
                         true,
                         // The whole `use` item
                         item,
-                        ty::Visibility::Restricted(
+                        Visibility::Restricted(
                             self.parent_scope.module.nearest_parent_mod().expect_local(),
                         ),
                         root_span,
@@ -713,7 +699,7 @@ impl<'a, 'ra, 'tcx> BuildReducedGraphVisitor<'a, 'ra, 'tcx> {
         ident: Ident,
         feed: Feed<'tcx, LocalDefId>,
         adt_res: Res,
-        adt_vis: ty::Visibility,
+        adt_vis: Visibility,
         adt_span: Span,
     ) {
         let parent_scope = &self.parent_scope;
@@ -721,7 +707,7 @@ impl<'a, 'ra, 'tcx> BuildReducedGraphVisitor<'a, 'ra, 'tcx> {
         let expansion = parent_scope.expansion;
 
         // Define a name in the type namespace if it is not anonymous.
-        self.r.define(parent, ident, TypeNS, (adt_res, adt_vis, adt_span, expansion));
+        self.r.define(parent, ident, TypeNS, adt_res, adt_vis, adt_span, expansion);
         self.r.feed_visibility(feed, adt_vis);
         let def_id = feed.key();
 
@@ -773,7 +759,12 @@ impl<'a, 'ra, 'tcx> BuildReducedGraphVisitor<'a, 'ra, 'tcx> {
             }
 
             ItemKind::Mod(_, ident, ref mod_kind) => {
-                let module = self.r.new_module(
+                self.r.define(parent, ident, TypeNS, res, vis, sp, expansion);
+
+                if let ast::ModKind::Loaded(_, _, _, Err(_)) = mod_kind {
+                    self.r.mods_with_parse_errors.insert(def_id);
+                }
+                self.parent_scope.module = self.r.new_module(
                     Some(parent),
                     ModuleKind::Def(def_kind, def_id, Some(ident.name)),
                     expansion.to_expn_id(),
@@ -781,24 +772,16 @@ impl<'a, 'ra, 'tcx> BuildReducedGraphVisitor<'a, 'ra, 'tcx> {
                     parent.no_implicit_prelude
                         || ast::attr::contains_name(&item.attrs, sym::no_implicit_prelude),
                 );
-                self.r.define(parent, ident, TypeNS, (module, vis, sp, expansion));
-
-                if let ast::ModKind::Loaded(_, _, _, Err(_)) = mod_kind {
-                    self.r.mods_with_parse_errors.insert(def_id);
-                }
-
-                // Descend into the module.
-                self.parent_scope.module = module;
             }
 
             // These items live in the value namespace.
             ItemKind::Const(box ConstItem { ident, .. })
             | ItemKind::Delegation(box Delegation { ident, .. })
             | ItemKind::Static(box StaticItem { ident, .. }) => {
-                self.r.define(parent, ident, ValueNS, (res, vis, sp, expansion));
+                self.r.define(parent, ident, ValueNS, res, vis, sp, expansion);
             }
             ItemKind::Fn(box Fn { ident, .. }) => {
-                self.r.define(parent, ident, ValueNS, (res, vis, sp, expansion));
+                self.r.define(parent, ident, ValueNS, res, vis, sp, expansion);
 
                 // Functions introducing procedural macros reserve a slot
                 // in the macro namespace as well (see #52225).
@@ -807,19 +790,19 @@ impl<'a, 'ra, 'tcx> BuildReducedGraphVisitor<'a, 'ra, 'tcx> {
 
             // These items live in the type namespace.
             ItemKind::TyAlias(box TyAlias { ident, .. }) | ItemKind::TraitAlias(ident, ..) => {
-                self.r.define(parent, ident, TypeNS, (res, vis, sp, expansion));
+                self.r.define(parent, ident, TypeNS, res, vis, sp, expansion);
             }
 
             ItemKind::Enum(ident, _, _) | ItemKind::Trait(box ast::Trait { ident, .. }) => {
-                let module = self.r.new_module(
+                self.r.define(parent, ident, TypeNS, res, vis, sp, expansion);
+
+                self.parent_scope.module = self.r.new_module(
                     Some(parent),
                     ModuleKind::Def(def_kind, def_id, Some(ident.name)),
                     expansion.to_expn_id(),
                     item.span,
                     parent.no_implicit_prelude,
                 );
-                self.r.define(parent, ident, TypeNS, (module, vis, sp, expansion));
-                self.parent_scope.module = module;
             }
 
             // These items live in both the type and value namespaces.
@@ -841,7 +824,7 @@ impl<'a, 'ra, 'tcx> BuildReducedGraphVisitor<'a, 'ra, 'tcx> {
                     let mut ctor_vis = if vis.is_public()
                         && ast::attr::contains_name(&item.attrs, sym::non_exhaustive)
                     {
-                        ty::Visibility::Restricted(CRATE_DEF_ID)
+                        Visibility::Restricted(CRATE_DEF_ID)
                     } else {
                         vis
                     };
@@ -854,7 +837,7 @@ impl<'a, 'ra, 'tcx> BuildReducedGraphVisitor<'a, 'ra, 'tcx> {
                         // constructor visibility should still be determined correctly.
                         let field_vis = self
                             .try_resolve_visibility(&field.vis, false)
-                            .unwrap_or(ty::Visibility::Public);
+                            .unwrap_or(Visibility::Public);
                         if ctor_vis.is_at_least(field_vis, self.r.tcx) {
                             ctor_vis = field_vis;
                         }
@@ -863,7 +846,7 @@ impl<'a, 'ra, 'tcx> BuildReducedGraphVisitor<'a, 'ra, 'tcx> {
                     let feed = self.r.feed(ctor_node_id);
                     let ctor_def_id = feed.key();
                     let ctor_res = self.res(ctor_def_id);
-                    self.r.define(parent, ident, ValueNS, (ctor_res, ctor_vis, sp, expansion));
+                    self.r.define(parent, ident, ValueNS, ctor_res, ctor_vis, sp, expansion);
                     self.r.feed_visibility(feed, ctor_vis);
                     // We need the field visibility spans also for the constructor for E0603.
                     self.insert_field_visibilities_local(ctor_def_id.to_def_id(), vdata.fields());
@@ -903,7 +886,7 @@ impl<'a, 'ra, 'tcx> BuildReducedGraphVisitor<'a, 'ra, 'tcx> {
         item: &Item,
         ident: Ident,
         local_def_id: LocalDefId,
-        vis: ty::Visibility,
+        vis: Visibility,
         parent: Module<'ra>,
     ) {
         let sp = item.span;
@@ -927,8 +910,7 @@ impl<'a, 'ra, 'tcx> BuildReducedGraphVisitor<'a, 'ra, 'tcx> {
         }
         .map(|module| {
             let used = self.process_macro_use_imports(item, module);
-            let vis = ty::Visibility::<LocalDefId>::Public;
-            let binding = (module, vis, sp, expansion).to_name_binding(self.r.arenas);
+            let binding = self.r.arenas.new_pub_res_binding(module.res().unwrap(), sp, expansion);
             (used, Some(ModuleOrUniformRoot::Module(module)), binding)
         })
         .unwrap_or((true, None, self.r.dummy_binding));
@@ -985,7 +967,7 @@ impl<'a, 'ra, 'tcx> BuildReducedGraphVisitor<'a, 'ra, 'tcx> {
                 );
             }
         }
-        self.r.define(parent, ident, TypeNS, imported_binding);
+        self.r.define_binding(parent, ident, TypeNS, imported_binding);
     }
 
     /// Constructs the reduced graph for one foreign item.
@@ -1002,7 +984,7 @@ impl<'a, 'ra, 'tcx> BuildReducedGraphVisitor<'a, 'ra, 'tcx> {
         let parent = self.parent_scope.module;
         let expansion = self.parent_scope.expansion;
         let vis = self.resolve_visibility(&item.vis);
-        self.r.define(parent, ident, ns, (self.res(def_id), vis, item.span, expansion));
+        self.r.define(parent, ident, ns, self.res(def_id), vis, item.span, expansion);
         self.r.feed_visibility(feed, vis);
     }
 
@@ -1088,7 +1070,7 @@ impl<'a, 'ra, 'tcx> BuildReducedGraphVisitor<'a, 'ra, 'tcx> {
                 root_span: span,
                 span,
                 module_path: Vec::new(),
-                vis: ty::Visibility::Restricted(CRATE_DEF_ID),
+                vis: Visibility::Restricted(CRATE_DEF_ID),
             })
         };
 
@@ -1239,11 +1221,11 @@ impl<'a, 'ra, 'tcx> BuildReducedGraphVisitor<'a, 'ra, 'tcx> {
             self.r.macro_names.insert(ident);
             let is_macro_export = ast::attr::contains_name(&item.attrs, sym::macro_export);
             let vis = if is_macro_export {
-                ty::Visibility::Public
+                Visibility::Public
             } else {
-                ty::Visibility::Restricted(CRATE_DEF_ID)
+                Visibility::Restricted(CRATE_DEF_ID)
             };
-            let binding = (res, vis, span, expansion).to_name_binding(self.r.arenas);
+            let binding = self.r.arenas.new_res_binding(res, vis.to_def_id(), span, expansion);
             self.r.set_binding_parent_module(binding, parent_scope.module);
             self.r.all_macro_rules.insert(ident.name);
             if is_macro_export {
@@ -1262,7 +1244,7 @@ impl<'a, 'ra, 'tcx> BuildReducedGraphVisitor<'a, 'ra, 'tcx> {
                 });
                 self.r.import_use_map.insert(import, Used::Other);
                 let import_binding = self.r.import(binding, import);
-                self.r.define(self.r.graph_root, ident, MacroNS, import_binding);
+                self.r.define_binding(self.r.graph_root, ident, MacroNS, import_binding);
             } else {
                 self.r.check_reserved_macro_name(ident, res);
                 self.insert_unused_macro(ident, def_id, item.id);
@@ -1283,14 +1265,14 @@ impl<'a, 'ra, 'tcx> BuildReducedGraphVisitor<'a, 'ra, 'tcx> {
                 // Visibilities must not be resolved non-speculatively twice
                 // and we already resolved this one as a `fn` item visibility.
                 ItemKind::Fn(..) => {
-                    self.try_resolve_visibility(&item.vis, false).unwrap_or(ty::Visibility::Public)
+                    self.try_resolve_visibility(&item.vis, false).unwrap_or(Visibility::Public)
                 }
                 _ => self.resolve_visibility(&item.vis),
             };
             if !vis.is_public() {
                 self.insert_unused_macro(ident, def_id, item.id);
             }
-            self.r.define(module, ident, MacroNS, (res, vis, span, expansion));
+            self.r.define(module, ident, MacroNS, res, vis, span, expansion);
             self.r.feed_visibility(feed, vis);
             self.parent_scope.macro_rules
         }
@@ -1426,7 +1408,7 @@ impl<'a, 'ra, 'tcx> Visitor<'a> for BuildReducedGraphVisitor<'a, 'ra, 'tcx> {
         if ctxt == AssocCtxt::Trait {
             let parent = self.parent_scope.module;
             let expansion = self.parent_scope.expansion;
-            self.r.define(parent, ident, ns, (self.res(def_id), vis, item.span, expansion));
+            self.r.define(parent, ident, ns, self.res(def_id), vis, item.span, expansion);
         } else if !matches!(&item.kind, AssocItemKind::Delegation(deleg) if deleg.from_glob) {
             let impl_def_id = self.r.tcx.local_parent(local_def_id);
             let key = BindingKey::new(ident.normalize_to_macros_2_0(), ns);
@@ -1511,13 +1493,13 @@ impl<'a, 'ra, 'tcx> Visitor<'a> for BuildReducedGraphVisitor<'a, 'ra, 'tcx> {
         let feed = self.r.feed(variant.id);
         let def_id = feed.key();
         let vis = self.resolve_visibility(&variant.vis);
-        self.r.define(parent, ident, TypeNS, (self.res(def_id), vis, variant.span, expn_id));
+        self.r.define(parent, ident, TypeNS, self.res(def_id), vis, variant.span, expn_id);
         self.r.feed_visibility(feed, vis);
 
         // If the variant is marked as non_exhaustive then lower the visibility to within the crate.
         let ctor_vis =
             if vis.is_public() && ast::attr::contains_name(&variant.attrs, sym::non_exhaustive) {
-                ty::Visibility::Restricted(CRATE_DEF_ID)
+                Visibility::Restricted(CRATE_DEF_ID)
             } else {
                 vis
             };
@@ -1527,7 +1509,7 @@ impl<'a, 'ra, 'tcx> Visitor<'a> for BuildReducedGraphVisitor<'a, 'ra, 'tcx> {
             let feed = self.r.feed(ctor_node_id);
             let ctor_def_id = feed.key();
             let ctor_res = self.res(ctor_def_id);
-            self.r.define(parent, ident, ValueNS, (ctor_res, ctor_vis, variant.span, expn_id));
+            self.r.define(parent, ident, ValueNS, ctor_res, ctor_vis, variant.span, expn_id);
             self.r.feed_visibility(feed, ctor_vis);
         }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/diagnostics.rs b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/diagnostics.rs
index c99bc747fd21d..7b18d93d5c0d8 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/diagnostics.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/diagnostics.rs
@@ -233,12 +233,12 @@ impl<'ra, 'tcx> Resolver<'ra, 'tcx> {
             return;
         }
 
-        let old_kind = match (ns, old_binding.module()) {
+        let old_kind = match (ns, old_binding.res()) {
             (ValueNS, _) => "value",
             (MacroNS, _) => "macro",
             (TypeNS, _) if old_binding.is_extern_crate() => "extern crate",
-            (TypeNS, Some(module)) if module.is_normal() => "module",
-            (TypeNS, Some(module)) if module.is_trait() => "trait",
+            (TypeNS, Res::Def(DefKind::Mod, _)) => "module",
+            (TypeNS, Res::Def(DefKind::Trait, _)) => "trait",
             (TypeNS, _) => "type",
         };
 
@@ -1320,7 +1320,7 @@ impl<'ra, 'tcx> Resolver<'ra, 'tcx> {
                 }
 
                 // collect submodules to explore
-                if let Some(module) = name_binding.module() {
+                if let Some(def_id) = name_binding.res().module_like_def_id() {
                     // form the path
                     let mut path_segments = path_segments.clone();
                     path_segments.push(ast::PathSegment::from_ident(ident));
@@ -1340,14 +1340,14 @@ impl<'ra, 'tcx> Resolver<'ra, 'tcx> {
 
                     if !is_extern_crate_that_also_appears_in_prelude || alias_import {
                         // add the module to the lookup
-                        if seen_modules.insert(module.def_id()) {
+                        if seen_modules.insert(def_id) {
                             if via_import { &mut worklist_via_import } else { &mut worklist }.push(
                                 (
-                                    module,
+                                    this.expect_module(def_id),
                                     path_segments,
                                     child_accessible,
                                     child_doc_visible,
-                                    is_stable && this.is_stable(module.def_id(), name_binding.span),
+                                    is_stable && this.is_stable(def_id, name_binding.span),
                                 ),
                             );
                         }
@@ -2090,7 +2090,7 @@ impl<'ra, 'tcx> Resolver<'ra, 'tcx> {
                         true, // re-export
                     ));
                 }
-                NameBindingKind::Res(_) | NameBindingKind::Module(_) => {}
+                NameBindingKind::Res(_) => {}
             }
             let first = binding == first_binding;
             let def_span = self.tcx.sess.source_map().guess_head_span(binding.span);
@@ -2302,25 +2302,11 @@ impl<'ra, 'tcx> Resolver<'ra, 'tcx> {
                     .ok()
                 };
                 if let Some(binding) = binding {
-                    let mut found = |what| {
-                        msg = format!(
-                            "expected {}, found {} `{}` in {}",
-                            ns.descr(),
-                            what,
-                            ident,
-                            parent
-                        )
-                    };
-                    if binding.module().is_some() {
-                        found("module")
-                    } else {
-                        match binding.res() {
-                            // Avoid using TyCtxt::def_kind_descr in the resolver, because it
-                            // indirectly *calls* the resolver, and would cause a query cycle.
-                            Res::Def(kind, id) => found(kind.descr(id)),
-                            _ => found(ns_to_try.descr()),
-                        }
-                    }
+                    msg = format!(
+                        "expected {}, found {} `{ident}` in {parent}",
+                        ns.descr(),
+                        binding.res().descr(),
+                    );
                 };
             }
             (msg, None)
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/ident.rs b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/ident.rs
index 68fbe48ebcb08..4c7e62bd084a7 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/ident.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/ident.rs
@@ -3,11 +3,10 @@ use Namespace::*;
 use rustc_ast::{self as ast, NodeId};
 use rustc_errors::ErrorGuaranteed;
 use rustc_hir::def::{DefKind, Namespace, NonMacroAttrKind, PartialRes, PerNS};
-use rustc_middle::{bug, ty};
+use rustc_middle::bug;
 use rustc_session::lint::BuiltinLintDiag;
 use rustc_session::lint::builtin::PROC_MACRO_DERIVE_RESOLUTION_FALLBACK;
 use rustc_session::parse::feature_err;
-use rustc_span::def_id::LocalDefId;
 use rustc_span::hygiene::{ExpnId, ExpnKind, LocalExpnId, MacroKind, SyntaxContext};
 use rustc_span::{Ident, Span, kw, sym};
 use tracing::{debug, instrument};
@@ -20,11 +19,9 @@ use crate::{
     AmbiguityError, AmbiguityErrorMisc, AmbiguityKind, BindingKey, Determinacy, Finalize,
     ImportKind, LexicalScopeBinding, Module, ModuleKind, ModuleOrUniformRoot, NameBinding,
     NameBindingKind, ParentScope, PathResult, PrivacyError, Res, ResolutionError, Resolver, Scope,
-    ScopeSet, Segment, ToNameBinding, Used, Weak, errors,
+    ScopeSet, Segment, Used, Weak, errors,
 };
 
-type Visibility = ty::Visibility<LocalDefId>;
-
 #[derive(Copy, Clone)]
 pub enum UsePrelude {
     No,
@@ -464,13 +461,11 @@ impl<'ra, 'tcx> Resolver<'ra, 'tcx> {
                             ) {
                                 Ok((Some(ext), _)) => {
                                     if ext.helper_attrs.contains(&ident.name) {
-                                        let binding = (
+                                        let binding = this.arenas.new_pub_res_binding(
                                             Res::NonMacroAttr(NonMacroAttrKind::DeriveHelperCompat),
-                                            Visibility::Public,
                                             derive.span,
                                             LocalExpnId::ROOT,
-                                        )
-                                            .to_name_binding(this.arenas);
+                                        );
                                         result = Ok((binding, Flags::empty()));
                                         break;
                                     }
@@ -1613,11 +1608,11 @@ impl<'ra, 'tcx> Resolver<'ra, 'tcx> {
                     }
 
                     let maybe_assoc = opt_ns != Some(MacroNS) && PathSource::Type.is_expected(res);
-                    if let Some(next_module) = binding.module() {
-                        if self.mods_with_parse_errors.contains(&next_module.def_id()) {
+                    if let Some(def_id) = binding.res().module_like_def_id() {
+                        if self.mods_with_parse_errors.contains(&def_id) {
                             module_had_parse_errors = true;
                         }
-                        module = Some(ModuleOrUniformRoot::Module(next_module));
+                        module = Some(ModuleOrUniformRoot::Module(self.expect_module(def_id)));
                         record_segment_res(self, res);
                     } else if res == Res::ToolMod && !is_last && opt_ns.is_some() {
                         if binding.is_import() {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/imports.rs b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/imports.rs
index 2e81b54b136ab..20c63b7526560 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/imports.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/imports.rs
@@ -11,7 +11,8 @@ use rustc_errors::{Applicability, MultiSpan, pluralize, struct_span_code_err};
 use rustc_hir::def::{self, DefKind, PartialRes};
 use rustc_hir::def_id::DefId;
 use rustc_middle::metadata::{ModChild, Reexport};
-use rustc_middle::{span_bug, ty};
+use rustc_middle::span_bug;
+use rustc_middle::ty::Visibility;
 use rustc_session::lint::BuiltinLintDiag;
 use rustc_session::lint::builtin::{
     AMBIGUOUS_GLOB_REEXPORTS, HIDDEN_GLOB_REEXPORTS, PUB_USE_OF_PRIVATE_EXTERN_CRATE,
@@ -74,7 +75,7 @@ pub(crate) enum ImportKind<'ra> {
         is_prelude: bool,
         // The visibility of the greatest re-export.
         // n.b. `max_vis` is only used in `finalize_import` to check for re-export errors.
-        max_vis: Cell<Option<ty::Visibility>>,
+        max_vis: Cell<Option<Visibility>>,
         id: NodeId,
     },
     ExternCrate {
@@ -183,7 +184,7 @@ pub(crate) struct ImportData<'ra> {
     /// |`use ::foo`      | `ModuleOrUniformRoot::CrateRootAndExternPrelude`    | a special case in 2015 edition |
     /// |`use foo`        | `ModuleOrUniformRoot::CurrentScope`                 | - |
     pub imported_module: Cell<Option<ModuleOrUniformRoot<'ra>>>,
-    pub vis: ty::Visibility,
+    pub vis: Visibility,
 }
 
 /// All imports are unique and allocated on a same arena,
@@ -663,9 +664,6 @@ impl<'ra, 'tcx> Resolver<'ra, 'tcx> {
                             NameBindingKind::Res(res) => {
                                 Some(self.def_id_to_node_id(res.def_id().expect_local()))
                             }
-                            NameBindingKind::Module(module) => {
-                                Some(self.def_id_to_node_id(module.def_id().expect_local()))
-                            }
                             NameBindingKind::Import { import, .. } => import.id(),
                         };
                         if let Some(binding_id) = binding_id {
@@ -868,7 +866,7 @@ impl<'ra, 'tcx> Resolver<'ra, 'tcx> {
 
                         let imported_binding = this.import(binding, import);
                         target_bindings[ns].set(Some(imported_binding));
-                        this.define(parent, target, ns, imported_binding);
+                        this.define_binding(parent, target, ns, imported_binding);
                     }
                     Err(Determined) => {
                         // Don't update the resolution for underscores, because it was never added.
@@ -1275,7 +1273,7 @@ impl<'ra, 'tcx> Resolver<'ra, 'tcx> {
 
             if !binding.vis.is_at_least(import.vis, this.tcx) {
                 reexport_error = Some((ns, binding));
-                if let ty::Visibility::Restricted(binding_def_id) = binding.vis
+                if let Visibility::Restricted(binding_def_id) = binding.vis
                     && binding_def_id.is_top_level_module()
                 {
                     crate_private_reexport = true;
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/late.rs b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/late.rs
index 08c4a485f2681..9e6032336605a 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/late.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/late.rs
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ use rustc_hir::def::{self, CtorKind, DefKind, LifetimeRes, NonMacroAttrKind, Par
 use rustc_hir::def_id::{CRATE_DEF_ID, DefId, LOCAL_CRATE, LocalDefId};
 use rustc_hir::{MissingLifetimeKind, PrimTy, TraitCandidate};
 use rustc_middle::middle::resolve_bound_vars::Set1;
-use rustc_middle::ty::DelegationFnSig;
+use rustc_middle::ty::{DelegationFnSig, Visibility};
 use rustc_middle::{bug, span_bug};
 use rustc_session::config::{CrateType, ResolveDocLinks};
 use rustc_session::lint::{self, BuiltinLintDiag};
@@ -638,8 +638,8 @@ impl PathSource<'_, '_, '_> {
 enum MaybeExported<'a> {
     Ok(NodeId),
     Impl(Option<DefId>),
-    ImplItem(Result<DefId, &'a Visibility>),
-    NestedUse(&'a Visibility),
+    ImplItem(Result<DefId, &'a ast::Visibility>),
+    NestedUse(&'a ast::Visibility),
 }
 
 impl MaybeExported<'_> {
@@ -3465,7 +3465,7 @@ impl<'a, 'ast, 'ra, 'tcx> LateResolutionVisitor<'a, 'ast, 'ra, 'tcx> {
                     span,
                     "error should be emitted when an unexpected trait item is used",
                 );
-                rustc_middle::ty::Visibility::Public
+                Visibility::Public
             };
             this.r.feed_visibility(this.r.feed(id), vis);
         };
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/late/diagnostics.rs b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/late/diagnostics.rs
index a4022691995e7..9e7defc6c3702 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/late/diagnostics.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/late/diagnostics.rs
@@ -2644,18 +2644,17 @@ impl<'ast, 'ra, 'tcx> LateResolutionVisitor<'_, 'ast, 'ra, 'tcx> {
                 if result.is_some() || !name_binding.vis.is_visible_locally() {
                     return;
                 }
-                if let Some(module) = name_binding.module() {
+                if let Some(module_def_id) = name_binding.res().module_like_def_id() {
                     // form the path
                     let mut path_segments = path_segments.clone();
                     path_segments.push(ast::PathSegment::from_ident(ident));
-                    let module_def_id = module.def_id();
                     let doc_visible = doc_visible
                         && (module_def_id.is_local() || !r.tcx.is_doc_hidden(module_def_id));
                     if module_def_id == def_id {
                         let path =
                             Path { span: name_binding.span, segments: path_segments, tokens: None };
                         result = Some((
-                            module,
+                            r.expect_module(module_def_id),
                             ImportSuggestion {
                                 did: Some(def_id),
                                 descr: "module",
@@ -2670,6 +2669,7 @@ impl<'ast, 'ra, 'tcx> LateResolutionVisitor<'_, 'ast, 'ra, 'tcx> {
                     } else {
                         // add the module to the lookup
                         if seen_modules.insert(module_def_id) {
+                            let module = r.expect_module(module_def_id);
                             worklist.push((module, path_segments, doc_visible));
                         }
                     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/lib.rs
index 3f865d7c2daca..0a05299648be3 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/lib.rs
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ use rustc_middle::query::Providers;
 use rustc_middle::span_bug;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{
     self, DelegationFnSig, Feed, MainDefinition, RegisteredTools, ResolverGlobalCtxt,
-    ResolverOutputs, TyCtxt, TyCtxtFeed,
+    ResolverOutputs, TyCtxt, TyCtxtFeed, Visibility,
 };
 use rustc_query_system::ich::StableHashingContext;
 use rustc_session::lint::builtin::PRIVATE_MACRO_USE;
@@ -578,7 +578,7 @@ struct ModuleData<'ra> {
     globs: RefCell<Vec<Import<'ra>>>,
 
     /// Used to memoize the traits in this module for faster searches through all traits in scope.
-    traits: RefCell<Option<Box<[(Ident, NameBinding<'ra>)]>>>,
+    traits: RefCell<Option<Box<[(Ident, NameBinding<'ra>, Option<Module<'ra>>)]>>>,
 
     /// Span of the module itself. Used for error reporting.
     span: Span,
@@ -654,12 +654,12 @@ impl<'ra> Module<'ra> {
         let mut traits = self.traits.borrow_mut();
         if traits.is_none() {
             let mut collected_traits = Vec::new();
-            self.for_each_child(resolver, |_, name, ns, binding| {
+            self.for_each_child(resolver, |r, name, ns, binding| {
                 if ns != TypeNS {
                     return;
                 }
-                if let Res::Def(DefKind::Trait | DefKind::TraitAlias, _) = binding.res() {
-                    collected_traits.push((name, binding))
+                if let Res::Def(DefKind::Trait | DefKind::TraitAlias, def_id) = binding.res() {
+                    collected_traits.push((name, binding, r.as_mut().get_module(def_id)))
                 }
             });
             *traits = Some(collected_traits.into_boxed_slice());
@@ -673,7 +673,6 @@ impl<'ra> Module<'ra> {
         }
     }
 
-    // Public for rustdoc.
     fn def_id(self) -> DefId {
         self.opt_def_id().expect("`ModuleData::def_id` is called on a block module")
     }
@@ -748,7 +747,7 @@ struct NameBindingData<'ra> {
     warn_ambiguity: bool,
     expansion: LocalExpnId,
     span: Span,
-    vis: ty::Visibility<DefId>,
+    vis: Visibility<DefId>,
 }
 
 /// All name bindings are unique and allocated on a same arena,
@@ -768,20 +767,9 @@ impl std::hash::Hash for NameBindingData<'_> {
     }
 }
 
-trait ToNameBinding<'ra> {
-    fn to_name_binding(self, arenas: &'ra ResolverArenas<'ra>) -> NameBinding<'ra>;
-}
-
-impl<'ra> ToNameBinding<'ra> for NameBinding<'ra> {
-    fn to_name_binding(self, _: &'ra ResolverArenas<'ra>) -> NameBinding<'ra> {
-        self
-    }
-}
-
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
 enum NameBindingKind<'ra> {
     Res(Res),
-    Module(Module<'ra>),
     Import { binding: NameBinding<'ra>, import: Import<'ra> },
 }
 
@@ -874,18 +862,9 @@ struct AmbiguityError<'ra> {
 }
 
 impl<'ra> NameBindingData<'ra> {
-    fn module(&self) -> Option<Module<'ra>> {
-        match self.kind {
-            NameBindingKind::Module(module) => Some(module),
-            NameBindingKind::Import { binding, .. } => binding.module(),
-            _ => None,
-        }
-    }
-
     fn res(&self) -> Res {
         match self.kind {
             NameBindingKind::Res(res) => res,
-            NameBindingKind::Module(module) => module.res().unwrap(),
             NameBindingKind::Import { binding, .. } => binding.res(),
         }
     }
@@ -913,7 +892,7 @@ impl<'ra> NameBindingData<'ra> {
                 DefKind::Variant | DefKind::Ctor(CtorOf::Variant, ..),
                 _,
             )) => true,
-            NameBindingKind::Res(..) | NameBindingKind::Module(..) => false,
+            NameBindingKind::Res(..) => false,
         }
     }
 
@@ -922,11 +901,7 @@ impl<'ra> NameBindingData<'ra> {
             NameBindingKind::Import { import, .. } => {
                 matches!(import.kind, ImportKind::ExternCrate { .. })
             }
-            NameBindingKind::Module(module)
-                if let ModuleKind::Def(DefKind::Mod, def_id, _) = module.kind =>
-            {
-                def_id.is_crate_root()
-            }
+            NameBindingKind::Res(Res::Def(_, def_id)) => def_id.is_crate_root(),
             _ => false,
         }
     }
@@ -1100,7 +1075,7 @@ pub struct Resolver<'ra, 'tcx> {
     /// Maps glob imports to the names of items actually imported.
     glob_map: FxIndexMap<LocalDefId, FxIndexSet<Symbol>>,
     glob_error: Option<ErrorGuaranteed>,
-    visibilities_for_hashing: Vec<(LocalDefId, ty::Visibility)>,
+    visibilities_for_hashing: Vec<(LocalDefId, Visibility)>,
     used_imports: FxHashSet<NodeId>,
     maybe_unused_trait_imports: FxIndexSet<LocalDefId>,
 
@@ -1171,7 +1146,7 @@ pub struct Resolver<'ra, 'tcx> {
     /// Table for mapping struct IDs into struct constructor IDs,
     /// it's not used during normal resolution, only for better error reporting.
     /// Also includes of list of each fields visibility
-    struct_constructors: LocalDefIdMap<(Res, ty::Visibility<DefId>, Vec<ty::Visibility<DefId>>)>,
+    struct_constructors: LocalDefIdMap<(Res, Visibility<DefId>, Vec<Visibility<DefId>>)>,
 
     lint_buffer: LintBuffer,
 
@@ -1244,6 +1219,32 @@ pub struct ResolverArenas<'ra> {
 }
 
 impl<'ra> ResolverArenas<'ra> {
+    fn new_res_binding(
+        &'ra self,
+        res: Res,
+        vis: Visibility<DefId>,
+        span: Span,
+        expansion: LocalExpnId,
+    ) -> NameBinding<'ra> {
+        self.alloc_name_binding(NameBindingData {
+            kind: NameBindingKind::Res(res),
+            ambiguity: None,
+            warn_ambiguity: false,
+            vis,
+            span,
+            expansion,
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn new_pub_res_binding(
+        &'ra self,
+        res: Res,
+        span: Span,
+        expn_id: LocalExpnId,
+    ) -> NameBinding<'ra> {
+        self.new_res_binding(res, Visibility::Public, span, expn_id)
+    }
+
     fn new_module(
         &'ra self,
         parent: Option<Module<'ra>>,
@@ -1267,8 +1268,8 @@ impl<'ra> ResolverArenas<'ra> {
         }
         if let Some(def_id) = def_id {
             module_map.insert(def_id, module);
-            let vis = ty::Visibility::<DefId>::Public;
-            let binding = (module, vis, module.span, LocalExpnId::ROOT).to_name_binding(self);
+            let res = module.res().unwrap();
+            let binding = self.new_pub_res_binding(res, module.span, LocalExpnId::ROOT);
             module_self_bindings.insert(module, binding);
         }
         module
@@ -1456,8 +1457,6 @@ impl<'ra, 'tcx> Resolver<'ra, 'tcx> {
         }
 
         let registered_tools = tcx.registered_tools(());
-
-        let pub_vis = ty::Visibility::<DefId>::Public;
         let edition = tcx.sess.edition();
 
         let mut resolver = Resolver {
@@ -1506,12 +1505,12 @@ impl<'ra, 'tcx> Resolver<'ra, 'tcx> {
             macro_expanded_macro_export_errors: BTreeSet::new(),
 
             arenas,
-            dummy_binding: (Res::Err, pub_vis, DUMMY_SP, LocalExpnId::ROOT).to_name_binding(arenas),
+            dummy_binding: arenas.new_pub_res_binding(Res::Err, DUMMY_SP, LocalExpnId::ROOT),
             builtin_types_bindings: PrimTy::ALL
                 .iter()
                 .map(|prim_ty| {
-                    let binding = (Res::PrimTy(*prim_ty), pub_vis, DUMMY_SP, LocalExpnId::ROOT)
-                        .to_name_binding(arenas);
+                    let res = Res::PrimTy(*prim_ty);
+                    let binding = arenas.new_pub_res_binding(res, DUMMY_SP, LocalExpnId::ROOT);
                     (prim_ty.name(), binding)
                 })
                 .collect(),
@@ -1519,16 +1518,15 @@ impl<'ra, 'tcx> Resolver<'ra, 'tcx> {
                 .iter()
                 .map(|builtin_attr| {
                     let res = Res::NonMacroAttr(NonMacroAttrKind::Builtin(builtin_attr.name));
-                    let binding =
-                        (res, pub_vis, DUMMY_SP, LocalExpnId::ROOT).to_name_binding(arenas);
+                    let binding = arenas.new_pub_res_binding(res, DUMMY_SP, LocalExpnId::ROOT);
                     (builtin_attr.name, binding)
                 })
                 .collect(),
             registered_tool_bindings: registered_tools
                 .iter()
                 .map(|ident| {
-                    let binding = (Res::ToolMod, pub_vis, ident.span, LocalExpnId::ROOT)
-                        .to_name_binding(arenas);
+                    let res = Res::ToolMod;
+                    let binding = arenas.new_pub_res_binding(res, ident.span, LocalExpnId::ROOT);
                     (*ident, binding)
                 })
                 .collect(),
@@ -1589,7 +1587,7 @@ impl<'ra, 'tcx> Resolver<'ra, 'tcx> {
 
         let root_parent_scope = ParentScope::module(graph_root, &resolver);
         resolver.invocation_parent_scopes.insert(LocalExpnId::ROOT, root_parent_scope);
-        resolver.feed_visibility(crate_feed, ty::Visibility::Public);
+        resolver.feed_visibility(crate_feed, Visibility::Public);
 
         resolver
     }
@@ -1637,7 +1635,7 @@ impl<'ra, 'tcx> Resolver<'ra, 'tcx> {
         Default::default()
     }
 
-    fn feed_visibility(&mut self, feed: Feed<'tcx, LocalDefId>, vis: ty::Visibility) {
+    fn feed_visibility(&mut self, feed: Feed<'tcx, LocalDefId>, vis: Visibility) {
         let feed = feed.upgrade(self.tcx);
         feed.visibility(vis.to_def_id());
         self.visibilities_for_hashing.push((feed.def_id(), vis));
@@ -1815,10 +1813,10 @@ impl<'ra, 'tcx> Resolver<'ra, 'tcx> {
     ) {
         module.ensure_traits(self);
         let traits = module.traits.borrow();
-        for (trait_name, trait_binding) in traits.as_ref().unwrap().iter() {
-            if self.trait_may_have_item(trait_binding.module(), assoc_item) {
+        for &(trait_name, trait_binding, trait_module) in traits.as_ref().unwrap().iter() {
+            if self.trait_may_have_item(trait_module, assoc_item) {
                 let def_id = trait_binding.res().def_id();
-                let import_ids = self.find_transitive_imports(&trait_binding.kind, *trait_name);
+                let import_ids = self.find_transitive_imports(&trait_binding.kind, trait_name);
                 found_traits.push(TraitCandidate { def_id, import_ids });
             }
         }
@@ -2088,11 +2086,7 @@ impl<'ra, 'tcx> Resolver<'ra, 'tcx> {
         self.pat_span_map.insert(node, span);
     }
 
-    fn is_accessible_from(
-        &self,
-        vis: ty::Visibility<impl Into<DefId>>,
-        module: Module<'ra>,
-    ) -> bool {
+    fn is_accessible_from(&self, vis: Visibility<impl Into<DefId>>, module: Module<'ra>) -> bool {
         vis.is_accessible_from(module.nearest_parent_mod(), self.tcx)
     }
 
@@ -2152,9 +2146,8 @@ impl<'ra, 'tcx> Resolver<'ra, 'tcx> {
                 } else {
                     self.crate_loader(|c| c.maybe_process_path_extern(ident.name))?
                 };
-                let crate_root = self.expect_module(crate_id.as_def_id());
-                let vis = ty::Visibility::<DefId>::Public;
-                (crate_root, vis, DUMMY_SP, LocalExpnId::ROOT).to_name_binding(self.arenas)
+                let res = Res::Def(DefKind::Mod, crate_id.as_def_id());
+                self.arenas.new_pub_res_binding(res, DUMMY_SP, LocalExpnId::ROOT)
             })
         });
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/macros.rs b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/macros.rs
index 9bc96403559ee..0d0bb72cc2b9e 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/macros.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_resolve/src/macros.rs
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ use rustc_expand::expand::{
 use rustc_hir::def::{self, DefKind, Namespace, NonMacroAttrKind};
 use rustc_hir::def_id::{CrateNum, DefId, LocalDefId};
 use rustc_middle::middle::stability;
-use rustc_middle::ty::{RegisteredTools, TyCtxt, Visibility};
+use rustc_middle::ty::{RegisteredTools, TyCtxt};
 use rustc_session::lint::BuiltinLintDiag;
 use rustc_session::lint::builtin::{
     LEGACY_DERIVE_HELPERS, OUT_OF_SCOPE_MACRO_CALLS, UNKNOWN_OR_MALFORMED_DIAGNOSTIC_ATTRIBUTES,
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ use crate::imports::Import;
 use crate::{
     BindingKey, DeriveData, Determinacy, Finalize, InvocationParent, MacroData, ModuleKind,
     ModuleOrUniformRoot, NameBinding, NameBindingKind, ParentScope, PathResult, ResolutionError,
-    Resolver, ScopeSet, Segment, ToNameBinding, Used,
+    Resolver, ScopeSet, Segment, Used,
 };
 
 type Res = def::Res<NodeId>;
@@ -438,8 +438,7 @@ impl<'ra, 'tcx> ResolverExpand for Resolver<'ra, 'tcx> {
             .iter()
             .map(|(_, ident)| {
                 let res = Res::NonMacroAttr(NonMacroAttrKind::DeriveHelper);
-                let binding = (res, Visibility::<DefId>::Public, ident.span, expn_id)
-                    .to_name_binding(self.arenas);
+                let binding = self.arenas.new_pub_res_binding(res, ident.span, expn_id);
                 (*ident, binding)
             })
             .collect();
diff --git a/tests/ui/proc-macro/meta-macro-hygiene.stdout b/tests/ui/proc-macro/meta-macro-hygiene.stdout
index 1734b9afe92eb..91d16eca1b0ad 100644
--- a/tests/ui/proc-macro/meta-macro-hygiene.stdout
+++ b/tests/ui/proc-macro/meta-macro-hygiene.stdout
@@ -49,12 +49,6 @@ crate0::{{expn1}}: parent: crate0::{{expn0}}, call_site_ctxt: #0, def_site_ctxt:
 crate0::{{expn2}}: parent: crate0::{{expn0}}, call_site_ctxt: #0, def_site_ctxt: #0, kind: Macro(Bang, "produce_it")
 crate0::{{expn3}}: parent: crate0::{{expn2}}, call_site_ctxt: #3, def_site_ctxt: #0, kind: Macro(Bang, "meta_macro::print_def_site")
 crate0::{{expn4}}: parent: crate0::{{expn3}}, call_site_ctxt: #4, def_site_ctxt: #0, kind: Macro(Bang, "$crate::dummy")
-crate1::{{expnNNN}}: parent: crate0::{{expn0}}, call_site_ctxt: #0, def_site_ctxt: #0, kind: Macro(Attr, "diagnostic::on_unimplemented")
-crate1::{{expnNNN}}: parent: crate0::{{expn0}}, call_site_ctxt: #0, def_site_ctxt: #0, kind: Macro(Attr, "diagnostic::on_unimplemented")
-crate1::{{expnNNN}}: parent: crate0::{{expn0}}, call_site_ctxt: #0, def_site_ctxt: #0, kind: Macro(Attr, "diagnostic::on_unimplemented")
-crate1::{{expnNNN}}: parent: crate0::{{expn0}}, call_site_ctxt: #0, def_site_ctxt: #0, kind: Macro(Attr, "derive")
-crate1::{{expnNNN}}: parent: crate0::{{expn0}}, call_site_ctxt: #0, def_site_ctxt: #0, kind: Macro(Attr, "derive")
-crate1::{{expnNNN}}: parent: crate0::{{expn0}}, call_site_ctxt: #0, def_site_ctxt: #0, kind: Macro(Bang, "include")
 
 SyntaxContexts:
 #0: parent: #0, outer_mark: (crate0::{{expn0}}, Opaque)
diff --git a/tests/ui/proc-macro/nonterminal-token-hygiene.stdout b/tests/ui/proc-macro/nonterminal-token-hygiene.stdout
index 42257312a8729..63741326e3413 100644
--- a/tests/ui/proc-macro/nonterminal-token-hygiene.stdout
+++ b/tests/ui/proc-macro/nonterminal-token-hygiene.stdout
@@ -72,12 +72,6 @@ crate0::{{expn1}}: parent: crate0::{{expn0}}, call_site_ctxt: #0, def_site_ctxt:
 crate0::{{expn2}}: parent: crate0::{{expn0}}, call_site_ctxt: #0, def_site_ctxt: #0, kind: Macro(Bang, "outer")
 crate0::{{expn3}}: parent: crate0::{{expn2}}, call_site_ctxt: #3, def_site_ctxt: #3, kind: Macro(Bang, "inner")
 crate0::{{expn4}}: parent: crate0::{{expn3}}, call_site_ctxt: #4, def_site_ctxt: #0, kind: Macro(Bang, "print_bang")
-crate1::{{expnNNN}}: parent: crate0::{{expn0}}, call_site_ctxt: #0, def_site_ctxt: #0, kind: Macro(Attr, "diagnostic::on_unimplemented")
-crate1::{{expnNNN}}: parent: crate0::{{expn0}}, call_site_ctxt: #0, def_site_ctxt: #0, kind: Macro(Attr, "diagnostic::on_unimplemented")
-crate1::{{expnNNN}}: parent: crate0::{{expn0}}, call_site_ctxt: #0, def_site_ctxt: #0, kind: Macro(Attr, "diagnostic::on_unimplemented")
-crate1::{{expnNNN}}: parent: crate0::{{expn0}}, call_site_ctxt: #0, def_site_ctxt: #0, kind: Macro(Attr, "derive")
-crate1::{{expnNNN}}: parent: crate0::{{expn0}}, call_site_ctxt: #0, def_site_ctxt: #0, kind: Macro(Attr, "derive")
-crate1::{{expnNNN}}: parent: crate0::{{expn0}}, call_site_ctxt: #0, def_site_ctxt: #0, kind: Macro(Bang, "include")
 
 SyntaxContexts:
 #0: parent: #0, outer_mark: (crate0::{{expn0}}, Opaque)