Raise errors when building with sphinx-build

[fxmarty-amd]

Describe the bug

Hi,

Errors are not raised when building a documentation with sphinx-build version 8.1.3.

There is an option --exception-on-warning to forcibly raise errors on warnings, but there is no option to raise errors only on errors.

Related (closed and locked) request: #10397 (comment)

Thank you!

How to Reproduce

I can't share my setup, but any sphinx doc with an error will work. For example, a doc with a "malformated" table:

+------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| File name                    | Additional  stuff                             |
+------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| foo.json                     | This is a really long description really really long |
+------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
| boo.json                     | small desc                                    |
+------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+

Having this table, there is an error in the logs but no error is actually raised during build.

Environment Information

Platform:              linux; (Linux-5.15.167.4-microsoft-standard-WSL2-x86_64-with-glibc2.35)
Python version:        3.10.14 (main, May  6 2024, 19:42:50) [GCC 11.2.0])
Python implementation: CPython
Sphinx version:        8.1.3
Docutils version:      0.21.2
Jinja2 version:        3.1.4
Pygments version:      2.18.0

Sphinx extensions

Additional context

No response