URLs containing parentheses (AKA brackets) get mangled

[explode]

Describe the bug

Typing a URL like https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antenna_(radio) in a ReST document will render to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antenna_(radio - i.e. the left parenthesis is intact but the right parenthesis is missing, so the URL is broken. Expected behaviour is for https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antenna_(radio) to stay whole. Apparently parentheses are perfectly legal in URLs and very common at sites like Wikipedia and MSDN.

How to Reproduce

Create a Sphinx project and put a demo URL in the index.rst page:

$ mkdir test
$ cd test
$ sphinx-quickstart --no-sep --project "demo" --author "tester" --release 1 --language en .
$ echo "Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antenna_(radio) example" >> index.rst
$ echo "Pct-encoded https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antenna_%28radio%29 version" >> index.rst

Render to HTML:

$ make html
build succeeded.

Test via linkcheck:

$ make linkcheck
(           index: line    9) ok        https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/usage/restructuredtext/index.html
(           index: line   18) ok        https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antenna_%28radio%29
(           index: line   18) broken    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antenna_(radio - 404 Client Error: Not Found for url: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antenna_(radio
build finished with problems.

Environment Information

$ sphinx-build --version
sphinx-build 8.2.1

Sphinx extensions

N/A

Additional context

No response