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        <section>
          <h1>Let's build a Node.js container!</h1>
          <h2>Cezary Dynak</h2>
          <h3>2021-04</h3>
        </section>
        <!-- https://github.com/impress/impress.js/wiki/Examples-and-demos -->
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        <section>
          <section>
            <h2>CEZARY DYNAK</h3>
            <h3>about me</h3>
          </section>
          <section>
            <h2>SOME TIME AGO...</h2>
            <ul>
              <li>Wrocław University of Science and Technology</li>
              <li>Faculty of Electronics / W4</li>
              <li>Department of Cybernetics and Robotics / K7</li>
              <li>Laboratory 07/C-3 (diablo/panamint)</li>
              <li>Automatyka i Robotyka / Embedded Robotics</li>
            </ul>
          </section>
          <section>
            <h2>RECENTLY</h2>
            <a href="http://www.spyro-soft.com"><img src="http://www.spyro-soft.com/wp-content/themes/spyro/img/logo.svg" /></a>
            <ul>
              <li>Node.js developer</li>
              <li>IoT back-end (cloud)</li>
              <li><a href="mailto:cdynak@spyro-soft.com">cdynak@spyro-soft.com</a></li>
            </ul>
          </section>
          <section>
            <h2>CURRENTLY</h2>
            <ul>
              <li>Head of Node.js</li>
              <li>Strategic Services</li>
              <li><a href="mailto:cezary.dynak@stxnext.pl">cezary.dynak@stxnext.pl</a></li>
            </ul>
          </section>
          <section>
              <br></br>
              <ul>
                <li><a href="https://github.com/cdynak">github.com/cdynak</a></li>
                <li><a href="https://linkedin.com/in/cdynak">linkedin.com/in/cdynak</a></li>
                <li><a href="https://last.fm/user/cezdyn">last.fm/user/cezdyn</a></li>
              </ul>
          </section>
        </section>


        <!--section>
          <section>
            <h2>PLAN</h2>
            <h4><a href="https://dynak-com.github.io/linux2021">dynak-com.github.io/linux2021</a></h4>
            <ul>
              <li>Embedded Linux build systems - comparison</li>
              <ul>
                <li>introduction</li>
                <li>definitions</li>
                <li>examples</li>
              </ul>
              <li>Embedded Linux build systems - applications</li>
              <ul>
                <li>IoT</li>
                <li>cloud</li>
                <li>edge</li>
              </ul>
            </ul>
          </section>
        </section-->

        <section>
          <section>
            <h2>Linux</h2>
            <h3>cloud / desktop / embedded</h3>
          </section>
          <section>
            <h2>supercomputers</h2>
            <img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0d/Operating_systems_used_on_top_500_supercomputers.svg" />
            <!-- https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Operating_systems_used_on_top_500_supercomputers.svg -->
            <!-- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Operating_systems_used_on_top_500_supercomputers.svg -->
            <!-- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usage_share_of_operating_systems -->
          </section>
          <section>
            <h2>desktop</h2>
            <img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/Operatingsystem_market_share.svg" />
            <!-- https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Operatingsystem_market_share.svg -->
            <!-- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usage_share_of_operating_systems -->
          </section>
          <section>
            <h2>desktop</h2>
            <img src="http://static4.businessinsider.com/image/505375a769bedda419000017-960/wintel-monopoly.jpg" />
            <!-- www.businessinsider.com/mobile-market-share-2012-11 -->
          </section>
          <section>
            <h2>mobile</h2>
            <img src="http://zoomcloud.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/Smartphone-Market-share.png" />
            <!-- http://zoomcloud.co.nz/index.php/smartphone-market-share-2014-stars/ -->

            <!-- http://static1.businessinsider.com/image/537b72f169bedd1e04384fab-1200-924/smartphoneosmarketshare.png -->
            <!-- http://www.businessinsider.com/iphone-v-android-market-share-2014-5 -->
          </section>
          <section>
            <h2>embedded</h2>
            <img src="https://lcom.static.linuxfound.org/images/stories/41373/VDC-embedded-open-source-market.jpg" />
            <!-- https://www.linux.com/news/embedded-linux-keeps-growing-amid-iot-disruption-says-study -->
          </section>
        </section>


        <section>
          <section>
            <h2>Embedded Linux</h2>
          </section>
          <section>
            <h2>so...
            <h2>What are the Embedded Linux build systems?!</h2>
          </section>
          <section>
            <h3>For a lot of people it all starts with...</h3>
            <img src="https://elinux.org/images/thumb/9/96/RpiFront.jpg/800px-RpiFront.jpg" />
          </section>
          <section>
            <h3>But there are others...</h3>
            <ul>
              <li>https://raspberrypi.org</li>
              <li>https://beagleboard.org/black</li>
              <li>http://wiki.litesom.grinn-global.com</li>
              <li>https://wandboard.org</li>
              <li>http://pandaboard.org</li>
            </ul>
            <!-- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_single-board_computers -->
            <!-- https://hackaday.com/2017/06/19/intel-discontinues-joule-galileo-and-edison-product-lines/ -->
          </section>
          <section>
            <img src="img/dev-boards.png" />
          </section>
          <section>
            <h3>But why?</h3>
            <ul>
              <li>for prototyping</li>
              <li>for promotion</li>
              <li>for learning</li>
              <li>for fun</li>
            </ul>
          </section>
          <section>
            <h3>How to make it work?</h3>
            <ul>
              <li>Download dedicated OS image from web</li>
              <li>or... build own image!</li>
            </ul>
          </section>
          <section>
            <pre><code class="hljs" data-trim contenteditable>
wget https://downloads.raspberrypi.org/raspbian_latest

pv sdcard.img | dd of=/dev/sdb bs=4M oflag=dsync
            </code></pre>
          </section>
        </section>

        <section>
          <section>
            <h2>Testing and Comparing</h1>
            <ul>
              <li>Representative set of embedded devices</li>
              <li>Available open source distribution builders</li>
            </ul>
          </section>


          <section>
            <img height="100" src="https://buildroot.org/images/logo.png" />
            <img src="https://openwrt.org/lib/tpl/openwrt/images/logo.png" />
            <img height="150" src="http://ltib.org/graphics/ltib_build.png" />
            <img height="150" src="https://www.ptxdist.org/images/PTXdist_Logo_RGB.svg" />
            <img src="https://www.yoctoproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/YoctoProject_Logo_RGB_White_small.svg" />
          </section>

          <section>
            <img src="img/builders-table.png" />
          </section>

          <section>
            <h3>But there are others...</h3>
            <ul>
              <li>linux from scratch</li>
              <li>debootstrap</li>
              <li>wind river</li>
            </ul>
          </section>

          <section>
            <img src="img/os-builders-trends.png" />
          </section>

          <section>
            <img src="img/openwrt-trends.png" />
          </section>

          <section>
            <h3>generalized os builders structure</h3>
            <ul>
              <li>Source code</li>
              <li>Host OS requirements</li>
              <li>Cross-compilation toolchain</li>
              <li>Target OS configuration</li>
              <li>Produced output</li>
            </ul>
          </section>

          <section>
            <pre><code class="hljs" data-trim contenteditable>
apt-get install python-dev python-pip
pip install python-openstackclient

openstack server create --flavor 'c2-30' --image 'Debian 9' --network 'Ext-Net' --key-name 'my_key-name' '15sl1'

ssh debian@51.68.145.251
            </code></pre>
          </section>


          <section>
            <img src="https://buildroot.org/images/logo.png" />
          </section>
          <section>
            <pre><code class="hljs" data-trim contenteditable>
sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade
sudo apt install make gcc g++ libncurses-dev unzip git patch python rsync bc bzip2
wget https://buildroot.org/downloads/buildroot-2017.02.8.tar.gz
tar -zxf buildroot-2017.02.8.tar.gz
cd buildroot-2017.02.8/
make raspberrypi_defconfig
make
ls output/images/sdcard.img
            </code></pre>
          </section>

          <section>
            <img src="https://openwrt.org/lib/tpl/openwrt/images/logo.png" />
          </section>
          <section>
            <pre><code class="hljs" data-trim contenteditable>
sudo apt install make gcc g++ libncurses-dev unzip git gawk file zlib1g-dev     
git clone -b v17.01.4 https://github.com/openwrt/openwrt                        
cd openwrt/                                                                     
./scripts/feeds update -a                                                       
./scripts/feeds install -a                                                      
make defconfig                                                                  
make menuconfig                                                                 
# Target System (Broadcom BCM27xx)                                              
# Target Profile (Raspberry Pi B/B+/CM/Zero/ZeroW)                              
time make -j                                                                    
cp build_dir/target-arm_arm1176jzf-s+vfp_musl-1.1.16_eabi/linux-brcm2708_bcm2708/tmp/lede-brcm2708-bcm2708-rpi-ext4-sdcard.img ~
            </code></pre>
          </section>

          <section>
            <img src="http://ltib.org/graphics/ltib_build.png" />
          </section>
          <section>
            <pre><code class="hljs" data-trim contenteditable>
sudo apt install make gcc g++ libncurses-dev unzip rpm bison patch tcl zlib1g-dev
                                                                                
wget https://github.com/downloads/midnightyell/RPi-LTIB/raspberrypi-tools-9c3d7b6-1.i386.rpm
sudo mkdir -p /opt/ltib/pkgs/                                                   
sudo cp raspberrypi-tools-9c3d7b6-1.i386.rpm /opt/ltib/pkgs/                    
                                                                                
sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386                                               
sudo apt update                                                                 
sudo apt install zlib1g:i386 libstdc++:i386                                     
                                                                                
wget http://download.savannah.nongnu.org/releases/ltib/ltib-13-2-1-sv.tar.gz    
tar -xzf ltib-13-2-1-sv.tar.gz                                                  
cd ltib-13-2-1-sv/                                                              
time ./ltib                                                                     
                                                                                
# Platform choice (Raspberry Pi with BCM2835 SoC)                               
                                                                                
cp output/images/sdcard.img ~                                                   
            </code></pre>
          </section>

          <section>
            <img src="https://www.ptxdist.org/images/PTXdist_Logo_RGB.svg" />
          </section>
          <section>
            <pre><code class="hljs" data-trim contenteditable>
sudo apt install make gcc g++ libncurses-dev unzip git gawk flex bison gettext python-dev lzop pkg-config libxml-parser-perl
wget http://public.pengutronix.de/software/ptxdist/ptxdist-2018.01.0.tar.bz2    
tar -xjf ptxdist-2018.01.0.tar.bz2                                              
cd ptxdist-2018.01.0                                                            
./configure                                                                     
make                                                                            
sudo make install                                                               
cd ..                                                                           
wget http://public.pengutronix.de/software/ptxdist/ptxdist-2016.06.0.tar.bz2    
tar -xjf ptxdist-2016.06.0.tar.bz2                                              
cd ptxdist-2016.06.0                                                            
./configure                                                                     
make                                                                            
sudo make install                                                               
cd ..                                                                           
                                                                                
wget https://public.pengutronix.de/oselas/toolchain/OSELAS.Toolchain-2016.06.1.tar.bz2
tar -xjf OSELAS.Toolchain-2016.06.1.tar.bz2                                     
cd OSELAS.Toolchain-2016.06.1/                                                  
ptxdist-2016.06.0 select ptxconfigs/arm-1136jfs-linux-gnueabihf_gcc-5.4.0_glibc-2.23_binutils-2.26_kernel-4.6-sanitized.ptxconfig
ptxdist-2016.06.0 migrate                                                       
time ptxdist-2016.06.0 go                                                       
                                                                                
git clone https://git.pengutronix.de/cgit/DistroKit/                            
cd DistroKit/                                                                   
ptxdist-2018.01.0 platform configs/platform-rpi/platformconfig                  
ptxdist-2018.01.0 migrate                                                       
time ptxdist-2018.01.0 images                                                   
cp platform-rpi/images/hd.img ~                                                 
            </code></pre>
          </section>

          <section>
            <img src="https://www.yoctoproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/YoctoProject_Logo_RGB_White_small.svg" />
          </section>
          <section>
            <pre><code class="hljs" data-trim contenteditable>
wget http://commondatastorage.googleapis.com/git-repo-downloads/repo            
chmod a+x repo                                                                  
sudo mv repo /usr/local/bin/                                                    
                                                                                
sudo apt install make gcc g++ unzip git                                         
sudo apt install gawk diffstat texinfo build-essential chrpath                  
                                                                                
export MACHINE=raspberrypi                                                      
                                                                                
mkdir yoctoproject                                                              
cd yoctoproject                                                                 
repo init -u https://github.com/cdynak/yocto-manifest -m $MACHINE.xml           
repo sync                                                                       
                                                                                
source poky/oe-init-build-env                                                   
%MACHINE=wandboard DISTRO=poky source setup-environment build                   
% vi conf/bblayers.conf (...?)                                                  
time bitbake core-image-minimal                                                 
cp tmp/deploy/images/$MACHINE/*img ~                                            
            </code></pre>
          </section>

          <section>
            <h3>Tests</h3>
            <ul>
              <li>With respect to the target OS</li>
              <li>With respect to the host OS</li>
            </ul>
          </section>
          <section>
            <img src="img/cmpr-buildroot.png" />
            <img src="img/cmpr-openwrt.png" />
          </section>
          <section>
            <img src="img/cmpr-ptxdist.png" />
            <img src="img/cmpr-yocto.png" />
          </section>
          <section>
            <img src="img/hostOS.png" />
          </section>
          <section>
            <h3>Example use cases</h3>
            <ul>
              <li>The Node.js IoT application</li>
              <li>Building Containers</li>
            </ul>
          </section>
        </section>

        <!--section>
          <section>
            <h2>Node.js SCADA</h2>
          </section>
          <section>
            <ul>
              <li><a href="github.com/newterm/szarp">github.com/newterm/szarp</a> (C++/wxWidgets, MIT)</li>
              <li><a href="github.com/RapidScada/scada">github.com/RapidScada/scada</a> (C#, Apache)</li>
              <li><a href="github.com/SCADA-LTS/Scada-LTS">github.com/SCADA-LTS/Scada-LTS</a> (Java, GPLv2)</li>
              <li><a href="github.com/trombastic/PyScada">github.com/trombastic/PyScada</a> (Python, GPLv3)</li>
              <li><a href="oscada.org/websvn/listing.php?repname=OpenSCADA">oscada.org/websvn/listing.php?repname=OpenSCADA</a> (C++, GPLv2)</li>
            </ul>
          </section>
        </section-->

        <section>
          <section>
            <h2>Linux Containers</h2>
          </section>
          <!--section>
            <h3>Containerization</h3>
            <p>Operating-system-level virtualization, also known as
            containerization,refers to an operating system feature in which
            the kernel allows the existence of multiple isolated user-space
            instances. Such instances, called containers</p>
          </section-->
          <section>
            <h4>Currently there is one king</h4>
            <img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/Docker_%28container_engine%29_logo.svg" />
            <!-- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Docker_(container_engine)_logo.svg -->
          </section>
          <!--section>
            <img src="https://www.docker.com/sites/default/files/containers-vms-together.png" />
          </section-->
          <section>
            <h3>How to make it work?</h3>
            <ul>
              <li>Download dedicated OS image from web</li>
              <li>or... build own image!</li>
            </ul>
          </section>
          <section>
            <pre><code class="hljs" data-trim contenteditable>
sudo apt install apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl gnupg2 software-properties-common
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/$(. /etc/os-release; echo "$ID")/gpg | sudo apt-key add -
sudo apt-key fingerprint 0EBFCD88
sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/$(. /etc/os-release; echo "$ID") $(lsb_release -cs) stable"
sudo apt update
sudo apt install docker-ce
            </code></pre>
          </section>
          <section>
            <pre><code class="hljs" data-trim contenteditable>
docker pull alpine
docker images
docker run alpine ls -l
docker run -it alpine /bin/sh
            </code></pre>
          </section>
        </section>

        <section>
          <section>
            <h2>Building Linux Containers</h2>
          </section>
          <section>
            <pre><code class="hljs" data-trim contenteditable>
cd output/images
mkdir extra extra/etc extra/sbin extra/lib extra/lib64
touch extra/etc/resolv.conf
touch extra/sbin/init
cp /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread.so.0 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 extra/lib
cp /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 extra/lib64
ls extra/*
cp rootfs.tar fixup.tar
tar rvf --overwrite fixup.tar -C extra .
docker import - basic-system < fixup.tar
docker run -it basic-system /bin/sh
            </code></pre>
            <!-- https://blog.docker.com/2013/06/create-light-weight-docker-containers-buildroot/ -->
          </section>
        </section>


        <section>
          <section>
            <h2>Thank you for attention</h2>
          </section>
          <section>
            <h2>bibliography is inside source code</h2>
            <p><a href="dynak-com.github.io/linux2021">cdynak.github.io/linux2018</a></p>
            <p><a href="github.com/dynak-com/linux2021">github.com/cdynak/linux2018</a></p>
            <p><a href="github.com/cdynak/embedded-linux-build-systems">github.com/cdynak/embedded-linux-build-systems</a></p>
          </section>
          <section>
            <h2>discussion / questions?</h2>
          </section>
        </section>

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