diff --git a/native/Cargo.toml b/native/Cargo.toml
index f244118538..55e96b4851 100644
--- a/native/Cargo.toml
+++ b/native/Cargo.toml
@@ -39,8 +39,8 @@ arrow-buffer = { version = "53.1.0" }
 arrow-data = { version = "53.1.0" }
 arrow-schema = { version = "53.1.0" }
 parquet = { version = "53.1.0", default-features = false, features = ["experimental"] }
-datafusion-common = { git = "https://github.com/apache/datafusion.git", rev = "3b6aac2" }
-datafusion = { git = "https://github.com/apache/datafusion.git", rev = "3b6aac2", default-features = false, features = ["unicode_expressions", "crypto_expressions", "parquet"] }
+datafusion-common = { git = "https://github.com/apache/datafusion.git", rev = "3b6aac2", features = ["backtrace"] }
+datafusion = { git = "https://github.com/apache/datafusion.git", rev = "3b6aac2", default-features = false, features = ["unicode_expressions", "crypto_expressions", "parquet", "backtrace"] }
 datafusion-functions = { git = "https://github.com/apache/datafusion.git", rev = "3b6aac2", features = ["crypto_expressions"] }
 datafusion-functions-nested = { git = "https://github.com/apache/datafusion.git", rev = "3b6aac2", default-features = false }
 datafusion-expr = { git = "https://github.com/apache/datafusion.git", rev = "3b6aac2", default-features = false }
@@ -69,3 +69,6 @@ overflow-checks = false
 lto = "thin"
 codegen-units = 1
 strip = "debuginfo"
+
+[profile.bench]
+lto = false
diff --git a/native/core/Cargo.toml b/native/core/Cargo.toml
index daa0837c82..898183c606 100644
--- a/native/core/Cargo.toml
+++ b/native/core/Cargo.toml
@@ -130,3 +130,7 @@ harness = false
 [[bench]]
 name = "bloom_filter_agg"
 harness = false
+
+[[bench]]
+name = "spatial_range_query"
+harness = false
diff --git a/native/core/benches/spatial_range_query.rs b/native/core/benches/spatial_range_query.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..25731b6996
--- /dev/null
+++ b/native/core/benches/spatial_range_query.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+use arrow_schema::DataType::Boolean;
+use arrow_schema::{DataType, Fields};
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use criterion::{criterion_group, criterion_main, Criterion};
+
+use comet::execution::datafusion::expressions::comet_scalar_funcs::create_comet_physical_fun;
+use datafusion::prelude::ParquetReadOptions;
+use datafusion::prelude::SessionContext;
+use datafusion_expr::registry::FunctionRegistry;
+use tokio::runtime::Runtime;
+
+fn register_spatial_udfs(ctx: &SessionContext) -> datafusion::error::Result<()> {
+    let state_ref = ctx.state_ref();
+    let mut state = state_ref.write();
+
+    let udf_st_intersects_wkb = create_comet_physical_fun("st_intersects_wkb", Boolean, ctx)?;
+    state.register_udf(Arc::clone(&udf_st_intersects_wkb))?;
+
+    let polygon_type = datafusion_comet_spark_expr::scalar_funcs::geometry_helpers::get_geometry_fields_polygon(
+        datafusion_comet_spark_expr::scalar_funcs::geometry_helpers::get_coordinate_fields());
+    let polygon_struct = DataType::Struct(Fields::from(polygon_type));
+    let udf_st_geomfromwkt = create_comet_physical_fun("st_geomfromwkt", polygon_struct, ctx)?;
+    state.register_udf(Arc::clone(&udf_st_geomfromwkt))?;
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+async fn run_query() -> datafusion::error::Result<()> {
+    let ctx = SessionContext::new();
+    let table_path = "/Users/bopeng/workspace/wherobots/engine-v2/test-data/spark-warehouse/overture-buildings-sampled-coalesce-20";
+    ctx.register_parquet("test_table", table_path, ParquetReadOptions::default()).await?;
+    register_spatial_udfs(&ctx)?;
+
+    // let wkt = "POLYGON ((-78.75 5.965754, -76.289063 12.554564, -67.148438 15.961329, -63.632813 27.683528, -75.234375 25.165173, -75.9375 32.842674, -69.609375 39.368279, -59.414063 43.580391, -47.109375 47.040182, -55.898438 56.944974, -61.523438 62.431074, -78.398438 64.320872, -80.15625 66.93006, -78.046875 69.900118, -92.460937 70.728979, -107.226563 70.844673, -121.289063 71.074056, -139.21875 71.413177, -156.09375 71.746432, -167.34375 71.856229, -170.859375 69.037142, -169.453125 66.652977, -169.453125 63.704722, -169.101562 58.995311, -175.429688 54.977614, -184.21875 52.268157, -181.40625 47.754098, -166.640625 51.618017, -148.359375 55.37911, -140.625 54.775346, -134.648438 45.828799, -131.835938 36.315125, -124.101563 21.289374, -111.09375 15.623037, -94.570313 10.141932, -78.75 5.965754))";
+    let wkt = "POLYGON ((-124.4009 41.9983,-123.6237 42.0024,-123.1526 42.0126,-122.0073 42.0075,-121.2369 41.9962,-119.9982 41.9983,-120.0037 39.0021,-117.9575 37.5555,-116.3699 36.3594,-114.6368 35.0075,-114.6382 34.9659,-114.6286 34.9107,-114.6382 34.8758,-114.5970 34.8454,-114.5682 34.7890,-114.4968 34.7269,-114.4501 34.6648,-114.4597 34.6581,-114.4322 34.5869,-114.3787 34.5235,-114.3869 34.4601,-114.3361 34.4500,-114.3031 34.4375,-114.2674 34.4024,-114.1864 34.3559,-114.1383 34.3049,-114.1315 34.2561,-114.1651 34.2595,-114.2249 34.2044,-114.2221 34.1914,-114.2908 34.1720,-114.3237 34.1368,-114.3622 34.1186,-114.4089 34.1118,-114.4363 34.0856,-114.4336 34.0276,-114.4652 34.0117,-114.5119 33.9582,-114.5366 33.9308,-114.5091 33.9058,-114.5256 33.8613,-114.5215 33.8248,-114.5050 33.7597,-114.4940 33.7083,-114.5284 33.6832,-114.5242 33.6363,-114.5393 33.5895,-114.5242 33.5528,-114.5586 33.5311,-114.5778 33.5070,-114.6245 33.4418,-114.6506 33.4142,-114.7055 33.4039,-114.6973 33.3546,-114.7302 33.3041,-114.7206 33.2858,-114.6808 33.2754,-114.6698 33.2582,-114.6904 33.2467,-114.6794 33.1720,-114.7083 33.0904,-114.6918 33.0858,-114.6629 33.0328,-114.6451 33.0501,-114.6286 33.0305,-114.5888 33.0282,-114.5750 33.0351,-114.5174 33.0328,-114.4913 32.9718,-114.4775 32.9764,-114.4844 32.9372,-114.4679 32.8427,-114.5091 32.8161,-114.5311 32.7850,-114.5284 32.7573,-114.5641 32.7503,-114.6162 32.7353,-114.6986 32.7480,-114.7220 32.7191,-115.1944 32.6868,-117.3395 32.5121,-117.4823 32.7838,-117.5977 33.0501,-117.6814 33.2341,-118.0591 33.4578,-118.6290 33.5403,-118.7073 33.7928,-119.3706 33.9582,-120.0050 34.1925,-120.7164 34.2561,-120.9128 34.5360,-120.8427 34.9749,-121.1325 35.2131,-121.3220 35.5255,-121.8013 35.9691,-122.1446 36.2808,-122.1721 36.7268,-122.6871 37.2227,-122.8903 37.7783,-123.2378 37.8965,-123.3202 38.3449,-123.8338 38.7423,-123.9793 38.9946,-124.0329 39.3088,-124.0823 39.7642,-124.5314 40.1663,-124.6509 40.4658,-124.3144 41.0110,-124.3419 41.2386,-124.4545 41.7170,-124.4009 41.9983))";
+    let df = ctx.sql(&format!("select count(1) from test_table where st_intersects_wkb(geometry, st_geomfromwkt('{}'))", wkt)).await?;
+    df.show().await?;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn criterion_benchmark(c: &mut Criterion) {
+    let mut group = c.benchmark_group("spatial_range_query");
+    group.bench_function("spatial_range_query", |b| {
+        b.iter(|| {
+            let start = std::time::Instant::now();
+            let rt = Runtime::new().unwrap();
+            criterion::black_box(rt.block_on(run_query()).unwrap());
+            let duration = start.elapsed();
+            println!("Time elapsed in run_query() is: {:?}", duration);
+        });
+    });
+}
+
+
+fn config() -> Criterion {
+    Criterion::default().sample_size(10)
+}
+
+criterion_group! {
+    name = benches;
+    config = config();
+    targets = criterion_benchmark
+}
+criterion_main!(benches);
diff --git a/native/spark-expr/src/scalar_funcs.rs b/native/spark-expr/src/scalar_funcs.rs
index 3d2cd166ae..578ce87fea 100644
--- a/native/spark-expr/src/scalar_funcs.rs
+++ b/native/spark-expr/src/scalar_funcs.rs
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ pub use chr::SparkChrFunc;
 
 pub mod hash_expressions;
 mod st;
-mod geometry_helpers;
+pub mod geometry_helpers;
 mod geo_helpers;
 mod wkb;
 
diff --git a/native/spark-expr/src/scalar_funcs/st.rs b/native/spark-expr/src/scalar_funcs/st.rs
index 6815e26ae0..f08b890345 100644
--- a/native/spark-expr/src/scalar_funcs/st.rs
+++ b/native/spark-expr/src/scalar_funcs/st.rs
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ use crate::scalar_funcs::geometry_helpers::{
 };
 use crate::scalar_funcs::geo_helpers::{arrow_to_geo, arrow_to_geo_scalar, geo_to_arrow, geo_to_arrow_scalar};
 use crate::scalar_funcs::wkb::read_wkb;
+use std::sync::OnceLock;
 
 pub fn spark_st_point(
     args: &[ColumnarValue],
@@ -386,6 +387,30 @@ pub fn spark_st_polygon(
     Ok(ColumnarValue::Array(Arc::new(geometry_array)))
 }
 
+const SIN_COS_TABLE_SIZE: usize = 10000;
+static SIN_TABLE: OnceLock<[f64; SIN_COS_TABLE_SIZE]> = OnceLock::new();
+static COS_TABLE: OnceLock<[f64; SIN_COS_TABLE_SIZE]> = OnceLock::new();
+
+fn get_sin_table() -> &'static [f64; SIN_COS_TABLE_SIZE] {
+    SIN_TABLE.get_or_init(|| {
+        let mut table = [0.0; SIN_COS_TABLE_SIZE];
+        for i in 0..SIN_COS_TABLE_SIZE {
+            table[i] = (i as f64 * 2.0 * std::f64::consts::PI / SIN_COS_TABLE_SIZE as f64).sin();
+        }
+        table
+    })
+}
+
+fn get_cos_table() -> &'static [f64; SIN_COS_TABLE_SIZE] {
+    COS_TABLE.get_or_init(|| {
+        let mut table = [0.0; SIN_COS_TABLE_SIZE];
+        for i in 0..SIN_COS_TABLE_SIZE {
+            table[i] = (i as f64 * 2.0 * std::f64::consts::PI / SIN_COS_TABLE_SIZE as f64).cos();
+        }
+        table
+    })
+}
+
 pub fn spark_st_random_polygon(
     args: &[ColumnarValue],
     _data_type: &DataType,
@@ -438,11 +463,13 @@ pub fn spark_st_random_polygon(
         }
     };
 
-    // Create the geometry builder
+    let sin_table = get_sin_table();
+    let cos_table = get_cos_table();
+    
     let mut geometry_builder = create_geometry_builder_polygon();
 
     // Initialize vectors to hold angles, x_coords, and y_coords for reuse
-    let mut angles = Vec::new();
+    let mut angle_indices = Vec::new();
     let mut x_coords = Vec::new();
     let mut y_coords = Vec::new();
 
@@ -458,12 +485,12 @@ pub fn spark_st_random_polygon(
         let mut random = XORShiftRandom::new(seed);
 
         // Generate random angles
-        angles.clear();
-        angles.reserve(num_segments as usize);
+        angle_indices.clear();
+        angle_indices.reserve(num_segments as usize);
         for _ in 0..num_segments {
-            angles.push(random.next_f64() * 2.0 * std::f64::consts::PI);
+            angle_indices.push(random.next_int(SIN_COS_TABLE_SIZE as i32));
         }
-        angles.sort_by(|a, b| a.partial_cmp(b).unwrap());
+        angle_indices.sort();
 
         // Generate coordinates
         x_coords.clear();
@@ -472,10 +499,10 @@ pub fn spark_st_random_polygon(
         y_coords.reserve((num_segments + 1) as usize);
 
         for k in 0..num_segments {
-            let angle = angles[k as usize];
+            let angle_idx = angle_indices[k as usize] as usize;
             let distance = random.next_f64() * (max_size / 2.0);
-            let x = center_x + distance * angle.cos();
-            let y = center_y + distance * angle.sin();
+            let x = center_x + distance * cos_table[angle_idx];
+            let y = center_y + distance * sin_table[angle_idx];
             x_coords.push(x);
             y_coords.push(y);
         }
@@ -613,12 +640,35 @@ impl XORShiftRandom {
 
     fn next(&mut self, bits: i32) -> i32 {
         let mut next_seed = self.seed ^ (self.seed << 21);
-        next_seed ^= next_seed >> 35;
+        next_seed ^= ((next_seed as u64) >> 35) as i64;
         next_seed ^= next_seed << 4;
         self.seed = next_seed;
         (next_seed & ((1i64 << bits) - 1)) as i32
     }
 
+    fn next_int(&mut self, bound: i32) -> i32 {
+        if bound <= 0 {
+            panic!("bound must be positive");
+        }
+
+        let mut r = self.next(31);
+        let m = bound - 1;
+        
+        if (bound & m) == 0 {  // bound is a power of 2
+            r = ((bound as i64 * r as i64) >> 31) as i32
+        } else {
+            loop {
+                let u = r;
+                r = u % bound;
+                if u - r + m >= 0 {
+                    break;
+                }
+                r = self.next(31);
+            }
+        }
+        r
+    }
+
     fn next_f64(&mut self) -> f64 {
         // Combine two calls to next() to create a 53-bit precision float
         let val = ((self.next(26) as i64) << 27) + (self.next(27) as i64);
@@ -975,7 +1025,9 @@ pub fn spark_st_within(
     // the zip function is used to iterate over both geometry arrays simultaneously, and the intersects function is applied to each pair of geometries.
     // This approach leverages vectorization by processing the arrays in a batch-oriented manner, which can be more efficient than processing each element individually.
     for (g1, g2) in geos_geom_array1.iter().zip(geos_geom_array2.iter()) {
-        let within = g1.is_within(g2);
+        let g1_bounds = g1.bounding_rect().unwrap();
+        let g2_bounds = g2.bounding_rect().unwrap();
+        let within = g1_bounds.is_within(&g2_bounds) && g1.is_within(g2);
         boolean_builder.append_value(within);
     }
 
@@ -1009,7 +1061,9 @@ pub fn spark_st_contains(
     // the zip function is used to iterate over both geometry arrays simultaneously, and the intersects function is applied to each pair of geometries.
     // This approach leverages vectorization by processing the arrays in a batch-oriented manner, which can be more efficient than processing each element individually.
     for (g1, g2) in geos_geom_array1.iter().zip(geos_geom_array2.iter()) {
-        let contains = g1.contains(g2);
+        let g1_bounds = g1.bounding_rect().unwrap();
+        let g2_bounds = g2.bounding_rect().unwrap();
+        let contains = g1_bounds.contains(&g2_bounds) && g1.contains(g2);
         boolean_builder.append_value(contains);
     }
 
@@ -1025,6 +1079,7 @@ mod tests {
     use arrow::datatypes::{DataType, Field};
     use datafusion::physical_plan::ColumnarValue;
     use arrow_array::{ArrayRef, BooleanArray, StringArray};
+    use wkt::ToWkt;
     use crate::scalar_funcs::geometry_helpers::{append_linestring, create_geometry_builder};
 
     #[test]
@@ -1376,18 +1431,19 @@ mod tests {
         // Create sample x1, y1, x2, and y2 coordinates as Float64Array
         let xs = vec![10.0, 20.0, 30.0];
         let ys = vec![40.0, 50.0, 60.0];
+        let seed = vec![123, 456, 789];
         let x_coords = Float64Array::from(xs.clone());
         let y_coords = Float64Array::from(ys.clone());
         let max_size = ScalarValue::Float64(Some(0.1));
-        let num_segments = ScalarValue::Int32(Some(3));
-        let seed = ScalarValue::Int64(Some(123));
+        let num_segments = ScalarValue::Int32(Some(10));
+        let seed = Int64Array::from(seed.clone());
 
         // Convert to ColumnarValue
         let x_value = ColumnarValue::Array(Arc::new(x_coords));
         let y_value = ColumnarValue::Array(Arc::new(y_coords));
         let max_size_value = ColumnarValue::Scalar(max_size);
         let num_segments_value = ColumnarValue::Scalar(num_segments);
-        let seed_value = ColumnarValue::Scalar(seed);
+        let seed_value = ColumnarValue::Array(Arc::new(seed));
 
         // Call the spark_st_polygon function with x1, y1, x2, and y2 arguments
         let result = spark_st_random_polygon(&[x_value, y_value, max_size_value, num_segments_value, seed_value], &DataType::Null).unwrap();
@@ -1400,6 +1456,7 @@ mod tests {
             assert_eq!(polygons.len(), 3);
             for k in 0..3 {
                 let polygon = &polygons[k];
+                println!("polygon: {}", polygon.wkt_string());
                 let centroid = polygon.centroid().unwrap();
                 assert!((centroid.x() - xs[k]).abs() < 0.5);
                 assert!((centroid.y() - ys[k]).abs() < 0.5);
@@ -1415,18 +1472,19 @@ mod tests {
         // Create sample x1, y1, x2, and y2 coordinates as Float64Array
         let xs = vec![10.0, 20.0, 30.0];
         let ys = vec![40.0, 50.0, 60.0];
+        let seed = vec![123, 456, 789];
         let x_coords = Float64Array::from(xs.clone());
         let y_coords = Float64Array::from(ys.clone());
         let max_segment_size = ScalarValue::Float64(Some(0.1));
         let num_segments = ScalarValue::Int32(Some(5));
-        let seed = ScalarValue::Int64(Some(123));
+        let seed = Int64Array::from(seed.clone());
 
         // Convert to ColumnarValue
         let x_value = ColumnarValue::Array(Arc::new(x_coords));
         let y_value = ColumnarValue::Array(Arc::new(y_coords));
         let max_segment_size_value = ColumnarValue::Scalar(max_segment_size);
         let num_segments_value = ColumnarValue::Scalar(num_segments);
-        let seed_value = ColumnarValue::Scalar(seed);
+        let seed_value = ColumnarValue::Array(Arc::new(seed));
 
         // Call the spark_st_random_linestring function with x1, y1, x2, and y2 arguments
         let result = spark_st_random_linestring(&[x_value, y_value, max_segment_size_value, num_segments_value, seed_value], &DataType::Null).unwrap();
@@ -1439,6 +1497,7 @@ mod tests {
             assert_eq!(linestrings.len(), 3);
             for k in 0..3 {
                 let linestring = &linestrings[k];
+                println!("linestring: {}", linestring.wkt_string());
                 assert_eq!(6, linestring.coords_count());
                 for coord in linestring.coords_iter() {
                     assert!((coord.x - xs[k]).abs() < 0.5);
@@ -1449,4 +1508,12 @@ mod tests {
             panic!("Expected geometry to be linestring");
         }
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_xorshift_random() {
+        let mut random = XORShiftRandom::new(123);
+        for _ in 0..10 {
+            println!("{}", random.next_f64());
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/spark/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/comet/udf/CometUDF.scala b/spark/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/comet/udf/CometUDF.scala
index be45044875..18567ee8e4 100644
--- a/spark/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/comet/udf/CometUDF.scala
+++ b/spark/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/comet/udf/CometUDF.scala
@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ class CometUDF {
 
   val st_randomlinestring: UserDefinedFunction = udf(
     new UDF5[Row, Row, Row, Row, Row, Row] { override def call(x: Row, y: Row, sz: Row, nSeg: Row, seed: Row): Row = Row.empty },
-    DataTypes.createStructType(GEOMETRY_POLYGON))
+    DataTypes.createStructType(GEOMETRY_LINESTRING))
 
   /**
    * Registers all UDFs defined in this class with the given SparkSession.