Go 语言中数组可以存储同一类型的数据，但在结构体中我们可以为不同项定义不同的数据类型。 结构体是由一系列具有相同类型或不同类型的数据构成的数据集合。
type struct_variable_type struct {
member definition;
member definition;
...
member definition;
}一旦定义了结构体类型，它就能用于变量的声明
variable_name := structure_variable_type {value1, value2...valuen}初始化结构体
1.按照顺序提供初始化值
P := person{"Tom", 25}
2.通过field:value的方式初始化，这样可以任意顺序
P := person{age:24, name:"Tom"}
3.new方式,未设置初始值的，会赋予类型的默认初始值
p := new(person)
p.age=24访问结构体成员
package main
import "fmt"
type Books struct {
title string
author string
subject string
book_id int
}
func main() {
var Book1 Books /* 声明 Book1 为 Books 类型 */
var Book2 Books /* 声明 Book2 为 Books 类型 */
/* book 1 描述 */
Book1.title = "Go 语言"
Book1.author = "www.runoob.com"
Book1.subject = "Go 语言教程"
Book1.book_id = 6495407
/* book 2 描述 */
Book2.title = "Python 教程"
Book2.author = "www.runoob.com"
Book2.subject = "Python 语言教程"
Book2.book_id = 6495700
/* 打印 Book1 信息 */
fmt.Printf( "Book 1 title : %s\n", Book1.title)
fmt.Printf( "Book 1 author : %s\n", Book1.author)
fmt.Printf( "Book 1 subject : %s\n", Book1.subject)
fmt.Printf( "Book 1 book_id : %d\n", Book1.book_id)
/* 打印 Book2 信息 */
fmt.Printf( "Book 2 title : %s\n", Book2.title)
fmt.Printf( "Book 2 author : %s\n", Book2.author)
fmt.Printf( "Book 2 subject : %s\n", Book2.subject)
fmt.Printf( "Book 2 book_id : %d\n", Book2.book_id)
}结果
Book 1 title : Go 语言
Book 1 author : www.runoob.com
Book 1 subject : Go 语言教程
Book 1 book_id : 6495407
Book 2 title : Python 教程
Book 2 author : www.runoob.com
Book 2 subject : Python 语言教程
Book 2 book_id : 6495700结构体作为函数参数
ackage main
import "fmt"
type Books struct {
title string
author string
subject string
book_id int
}
func main() {
var Book1 Books /* 声明 Book1 为 Books 类型 */
var Book2 Books /* 声明 Book2 为 Books 类型 */
/* book 1 描述 */
Book1.title = "Go 语言"
Book1.author = "www.runoob.com"
Book1.subject = "Go 语言教程"
Book1.book_id = 6495407
/* book 2 描述 */
Book2.title = "Python 教程"
Book2.author = "www.runoob.com"
Book2.subject = "Python 语言教程"
Book2.book_id = 6495700
/* 打印 Book1 信息 */
printBook(Book1)
/* 打印 Book2 信息 */
printBook(Book2)
}
func printBook( book Books ) {
fmt.Printf( "Book title : %s\n", book.title);
fmt.Printf( "Book author : %s\n", book.author);
fmt.Printf( "Book subject : %s\n", book.subject);
fmt.Printf( "Book book_id : %d\n", book.book_id);
}结构体的匿名字段
在类型中，使用不写字段名的方式，使用另一个类型
type Human struct {
name string
age int
weight int
}
type Student struct {
Human // 匿名字段，那么默认Student就包含了Human的所有字段
speciality string
}
func main() {
// 我们初始化一个学生
mark := Student{Human{"Mark", 25, 120}, "Computer Science"}
// 我们访问相应的字段
fmt.Println("His name is ", mark.name)
fmt.Println("His age is ", mark.age)
fmt.Println("His weight is ", mark.weight)
fmt.Println("His speciality is ", mark.speciality)
// 修改对应的备注信息
mark.speciality = "AI"
fmt.Println("Mark changed his speciality")
fmt.Println("His speciality is ", mark.speciality)
// 修改他的年龄信息
fmt.Println("Mark become old")
mark.age = 46
fmt.Println("His age is", mark.age)
// 修改他的体重信息
fmt.Println("Mark is not an athlet anymore")
mark.weight += 60
fmt.Println("His weight is", mark.weight)
}可以使用"."的方式进行调用匿名字段中的属性值
实际就是字段的继承
其中可以将匿名字段理解为字段名和字段类型都是同一个
基于上面的理解，所以可以
mark.Human = Human{"Marcus", 55, 220}和mark.Human.age -= 1若存在匿名字段中的字段与非匿名字段名字相同，则最外层的优先访问，就近原则
通过匿名访问和修改字段相当的有用，但是不仅仅是struct字段哦，所有的内置类型和自定义类型都是可以作为匿名字段的。
结构体指针
var struct_pointer *Books以上定义的指针变量可以存储结构体变量的地址。查看结构体变量地址，可以将 & 符号放置于结构体变量前
struct_pointer = &Book1;使用结构体指针访问结构体成员，使用 "." 操作符
struct_pointer.title;package main
import "fmt"
type Books struct {
title string
author string
subject string
book_id int
}
func main() {
var Book1 Books /* Declare Book1 of type Book */
var Book2 Books /* Declare Book2 of type Book */
/* book 1 描述 */
Book1.title = "Go 语言"
Book1.author = "www.runoob.com"
Book1.subject = "Go 语言教程"
Book1.book_id = 6495407
/* book 2 描述 */
Book2.title = "Python 教程"
Book2.author = "www.runoob.com"
Book2.subject = "Python 语言教程"
Book2.book_id = 6495700
/* 打印 Book1 信息 */
printBook(&Book1)
/* 打印 Book2 信息 */
printBook(&Book2)
}
func printBook( book *Books ) {
fmt.Printf( "Book title : %s\n", book.title);
fmt.Printf( "Book author : %s\n", book.author);
fmt.Printf( "Book subject : %s\n", book.subject);
fmt.Printf( "Book book_id : %d\n", book.book_id);
}结构体实例化也可以是这样的
package main
import "fmt"
type Books struct {
}
func (s Books) String() string {
return "data"
}
func main() {
fmt.Printf("%v\n", Books{})
}