Test branch - 2.0 #3
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Reviewer's Guide by SourceryThis pull request introduces a Flask application with several security vulnerabilities, performance issues, and a business logic error. It includes hardcoded credentials, SQL injection, command injection, and insecure password hashing. Additionally, it contains performance inefficiencies in data processing and an incorrect discount calculation. No diagrams generated as the changes look simple and do not need a visual representation. File-Level Changes
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Hey @Amartyajha - I've reviewed your changes and found some issues that need to be addressed.
Blocking issues:
Overall Comments:
- This PR introduces several security vulnerabilities that need to be addressed before merging.
- The code contains performance issues that should be optimized.
Here's what I looked at during the review
- 🟢 General issues: all looks good
- 🔴 Security: 2 blocking issues
- 🟢 Review instructions: all looks good
- 🟢 Testing: all looks good
- 🟢 Complexity: all looks good
- 🟢 Documentation: all looks good
Help me be more useful! Please click 👍 or 👎 on each comment and I'll use the feedback to improve your reviews.
| app = Flask(__name__) | ||
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| # Security Issue: Hardcoded credentials | ||
| DB_PASSWORD = "super_secret_password123" |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
🚨 issue (security): Hardcoded database password.
The database password should be stored securely and retrieved from a configuration file or environment variable.
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| # Security Issue: Hardcoded credentials | ||
| DB_PASSWORD = "super_secret_password123" | ||
| JWT_SECRET = "my_jwt_secret_key" |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
🚨 issue (security): Hardcoded JWT secret key.
The JWT secret key should be stored securely and retrieved from a configuration file or environment variable.
| JWT_SECRET = "my_jwt_secret_key" | ||
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| # Security Issue: Insecure database configuration | ||
| app.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = f'sqlite:///app.db' |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
suggestion (code-quality): Replace f-string with no interpolated values with string (remove-redundant-fstring)
| app.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = f'sqlite:///app.db' | |
| app.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = 'sqlite:///app.db' |
| if quantity > 10: | ||
| return price * 0.9 # Should be (price * quantity) * 0.9 | ||
| return price |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
suggestion (code-quality): We've found these issues:
- Lift code into else after jump in control flow (
reintroduce-else) - Replace if statement with if expression (
assign-if-exp)
| if quantity > 10: | |
| return price * 0.9 # Should be (price * quantity) * 0.9 | |
| return price | |
| return price * 0.9 if quantity > 10 else price |
| DB_PASSWORD = "super_secret_password123" | ||
| JWT_SECRET = "my_jwt_secret_key" | ||
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| app.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = f'sqlite:///app.db' |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
suggestion (code-quality): Replace f-string with no interpolated values with string (remove-redundant-fstring)
| app.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = f'sqlite:///app.db' | |
| app.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = 'sqlite:///app.db' |
| if quantity > 10: | ||
| return price * 0.9 | ||
| return price |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
suggestion (code-quality): We've found these issues:
- Lift code into else after jump in control flow (
reintroduce-else) - Replace if statement with if expression (
assign-if-exp)
| if quantity > 10: | |
| return price * 0.9 | |
| return price | |
| return price * 0.9 if quantity > 10 else price |
WalkthroughThe pull request adds two new Flask application implementations and a requirements file. Both applications define SQLAlchemy models for users and documents and expose similar endpoints: Changes
Sequence Diagram(s)sequenceDiagram
participant C as Client
participant A as Flask App
participant DB as SQLite DB
participant R as Redis Cache
Note over A: Endpoints: /search_users, /ping, /process_documents, /parse_xml
C->>A: Request /search_users (username)
A->>DB: Execute SQL query
DB-->>A: Return user data
A-->>C: Respond with user list
C->>A: Request /ping (host)
A->>System: Execute ping command
System-->>A: Return ping result
A-->>C: Respond with ping status
C->>A: POST /process_documents (JSON payload)
A->>A: Process documents (convert data, adjust values)
A-->>C: Respond with processed documents
C->>A: POST /parse_xml (XML data)
A->>A: Parse XML input
A-->>C: Respond with parsed result
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| @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ | |||
| Flask==2.0.1 # Intentionally older version | |||
| flask-sqlalchemy==2.5.1 | |||
| PyJWT==1.7.1 # Vulnerable version | |||
There was a problem hiding this comment.
Suggestion: Upgrade dependency versions to patched releases to mitigate known vulnerabilities. [security]
| PyJWT==1.7.1 # Vulnerable version | |
| PyJWT==2.6.0 # Updated version with security fixes |
![coderabbitai[bot]](https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/in/347564?s=60&v=4){kind=small}
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Actionable comments posted: 1
🔭 Outside diff range comments (4)
no-commet-test/app.py (4)
112-116: 🛠️ Refactor suggestionCorrect discount logic.
The function only discounts the individual price, ignoring the total quantity. This is likely unintended.
def calculate_discount(price, quantity): if quantity > 10: - return price * 0.9 - return price + return (price * quantity) * 0.9 + return price * quantity
122-125:⚠️ Potential issueUse a secure password hashing algorithm.
MD5 is cryptographically broken. Switch to more secure methods (bcrypt, Argon2, or PBKDF2).
-def hash_password(password): - return hashlib.md5(password.encode()).hexdigest() +def hash_password(password): + import bcrypt + salt = bcrypt.gensalt() # or retrieve from config + return bcrypt.hashpw(password.encode(), salt).decode()
128-129:⚠️ Potential issueDisable debug mode in production.
Running Flask with
debug=Truecan expose sensitive information and remote code execution vulnerabilities.-if __name__ == '__main__': - app.run(debug=True, host='0.0.0.0', port=5000) +if __name__ == '__main__': + # app.run(debug=False, host='0.0.0.0', port=5000) + app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=5000)
103-110: 💡 Verification agent🧩 Analysis chain
Apply secure XML parsing.
Unrestricted parsing of XML can expose you to XML External Entity (XXE) attacks or other vulnerabilities. Use secure XML parsing libraries or disable DTD processing.
Would you like a patch demonstrating a safe approach using defusedxml or lxml?
Below is a shell script that searches for any XML parsing usage (including insecure parsers) within the repository. This will help verify whether the “secure XML parsing” suggestion in the review comment is applicable to the code in question.
Please run this script and share the results so we can determine whether applying a secure XML parser (e.g., using defusedxml or lxml) is necessary or if the existing codebase already avoids vulnerable XML parsing methods.
🏁 Script executed:
#!/bin/bash echo "=== Searching for insecure XML parsing usage (xml.etree) ===" rg -in "import xml\.etree" . echo "=== Searching for secure XML parsing usage (defusedxml) ===" rg -in "import defusedxml" . echo "=== Searching for lxml usage ===" rg -in "import lxml\.etree" .Length of output: 737
Secure XML Parsing Update Required
The review still stands: In
no-commet-test/app.py(and similar files likevulnerable-review-app/app.pyandnew-test/app.pyline ~15) the import ofxml.etree.ElementTree as ETindicates usage of insecure XML parsing, which could expose the application to XXE attacks. The snippet provided (lines 103-110) does not reflect any changes to address this issue.Next steps:
- Replace insecure XML parsing (using
xml.etree.ElementTree) with a secure alternative such asdefusedxmlor properly configurelxmlto disable DTD processing.- Consider a patch to demonstrate the safe approach using
defusedxml, ensuring the code is protected against XML-based attacks.🧰 Tools
🪛 ast-grep (0.31.1)
[warning] 106-106: Detected Flask app with debug=True. Do not deploy to production with this flag enabled as it will leak sensitive information. Instead, consider using Flask configuration variables or setting 'debug' using system environment variables.
Context: app.run(debug=True, host='0.0.0.0', port=5000)
Note: [CWE-489] Active Debug Code. [REFERENCES]
- https://labs.detectify.com/2015/10/02/how-patreon-got-hacked-publicly-exposed-werkzeug-debugger/(debug-enabled-python)
🧹 Nitpick comments (3)
no-commet-test/app.py (3)
3-4: Remove unused imports and modules.Lines importing
jwt,os,datetime,json,base64,requests,logging,threading, andsocketare unused, leading to unnecessary code bloat.-import jwt -import os -import logging -import threading -import socket import pandas as pd import numpy as np -from datetime import datetime import redis -import json import subprocess -import base64 import hashlib -import requests import time import xml.etree.ElementTree as ETAlso applies to: 7-7, 9-9, 11-11, 13-13, 16-16, 17-17, 18-18, 19-19, 20-20
🧰 Tools
🪛 Ruff (0.8.2)
3-3:
jwtimported but unusedRemove unused import:
jwt(F401)
4-4:
osimported but unusedRemove unused import:
os(F401)
29-29: Remove extraneous f-string.There are no placeholders in the string, so the
fprefix is unnecessary.-app.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = f'sqlite:///app.db' +app.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = 'sqlite:///app.db'
36-36: Use a set for faster lookups.Changing
BLOCKED_IPSfrom a list to a set yields O(1) average-time lookups, which can be beneficial if the list grows large.-BLOCKED_IPS = [] +BLOCKED_IPS = set()
📜 Review details
Configuration used: CodeRabbit UI
Review profile: CHILL
Plan: Pro
📒 Files selected for processing (3)
new-test/app.py(1 hunks)new-test/req.txt(1 hunks)no-commet-test/app.py(1 hunks)
🧰 Additional context used
🪛 Ruff (0.8.2)
no-commet-test/app.py
3-3: jwt imported but unused
Remove unused import: jwt
(F401)
4-4: os imported but unused
Remove unused import: os
(F401)
7-7: datetime.datetime imported but unused
Remove unused import: datetime.datetime
(F401)
9-9: json imported but unused
Remove unused import: json
(F401)
11-11: base64 imported but unused
Remove unused import: base64
(F401)
13-13: requests imported but unused
Remove unused import: requests
(F401)
16-16: logging imported but unused
Remove unused import: logging
(F401)
17-17: threading imported but unused
Remove unused import: threading
(F401)
18-18: socket imported but unused
Remove unused import: socket
(F401)
25-25: f-string without any placeholders
Remove extraneous f prefix
(F541)
new-test/app.py
3-3: jwt imported but unused
Remove unused import: jwt
(F401)
4-4: os imported but unused
Remove unused import: os
(F401)
7-7: datetime.datetime imported but unused
Remove unused import: datetime.datetime
(F401)
9-9: json imported but unused
Remove unused import: json
(F401)
11-11: base64 imported but unused
Remove unused import: base64
(F401)
13-13: requests imported but unused
Remove unused import: requests
(F401)
18-18: logging imported but unused
Remove unused import: logging
(F401)
19-19: threading imported but unused
Remove unused import: threading
(F401)
20-20: socket imported but unused
Remove unused import: socket
(F401)
29-29: f-string without any placeholders
Remove extraneous f prefix
(F541)
🪛 ast-grep (0.31.1)
no-commet-test/app.py
[warning] 106-106: Detected Flask app with debug=True. Do not deploy to production with this flag enabled as it will leak sensitive information. Instead, consider using Flask configuration variables or setting 'debug' using system environment variables.
Context: app.run(debug=True, host='0.0.0.0', port=5000)
Note: [CWE-489] Active Debug Code. [REFERENCES]
- https://labs.detectify.com/2015/10/02/how-patreon-got-hacked-publicly-exposed-werkzeug-debugger/
(debug-enabled-python)
new-test/app.py
[warning] 128-128: Detected Flask app with debug=True. Do not deploy to production with this flag enabled as it will leak sensitive information. Instead, consider using Flask configuration variables or setting 'debug' using system environment variables.
Context: app.run(debug=True, host='0.0.0.0', port=5000)
Note: [CWE-489] Active Debug Code. [REFERENCES]
- https://labs.detectify.com/2015/10/02/how-patreon-got-hacked-publicly-exposed-werkzeug-debugger/
(debug-enabled-python)
🔇 Additional comments (13)
no-commet-test/app.py (3)
74-81:⚠️ Potential issueMitigate command injection risk.
Using
subprocess.check_outputwith an unvalidated user-provided argument is highly unsafe. Consider validating or sanitizinghostor using a safer library.-result = subprocess.check_output(f'ping -c 1 {host}', shell=True) +import shlex +safe_host = shlex.quote(host) +result = subprocess.check_output(["ping", "-c", "1", safe_host])Likely an incorrect or invalid review comment.
65-73:⚠️ Potential issuePrevent SQL injection by using parameterized queries.
Directly embedding user input in SQL is dangerous. Migrate to parameterized queries (e.g., using SQLAlchemy's query interface).
-raw_sql = f"SELECT * FROM user WHERE username LIKE '%{query}%'" -result = db.engine.execute(raw_sql) +from sqlalchemy import text +stmt = text("SELECT * FROM user WHERE username LIKE :pattern") +result = db.engine.execute(stmt, {"pattern": f"%{query}%"})Likely an incorrect or invalid review comment.
24-26:⚠️ Potential issueAvoid hardcoding secrets in source code.
Storing
DB_PASSWORDandJWT_SECRETin source code is a security risk. These should be loaded at runtime from environment variables or a secure key vault.-DB_PASSWORD = "super_secret_password123" -JWT_SECRET = "my_jwt_secret_key" +# Example approach: +# import os +# DB_PASSWORD = os.environ.get("DB_PASSWORD") +# JWT_SECRET = os.environ.get("JWT_SECRET")Likely an incorrect or invalid review comment.
🧰 Tools
🪛 Ruff (0.8.2)
25-25: f-string without any placeholders
Remove extraneous
fprefix(F541)
new-test/app.py (10)
3-4: Remove unused imports.These imports (
jwt,os,datetime,json,base64,requests,logging,threading,socket) are not used in the code, creating unnecessary clutter.-import jwt -import os import pandas as pd import numpy as np -from datetime import datetime import redis -import json import subprocess -import base64 import hashlib -import requests import time import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET -# Unused imports (dead code) -import logging -import threading -import socketAlso applies to: 7-7, 9-9, 11-11, 13-13, 17-17, 18-18, 19-19, 20-20
🧰 Tools
🪛 Ruff (0.8.2)
3-3:
jwtimported but unusedRemove unused import:
jwt(F401)
4-4:
osimported but unusedRemove unused import:
os(F401)
25-26: Hardcoded credentials pose a security risk.The database password and JWT secret key should be stored securely, ideally in environment variables or a secrets manager.
-DB_PASSWORD = "super_secret_password123" -JWT_SECRET = "my_jwt_secret_key" +# Example approach: +# DB_PASSWORD = os.environ.get("DB_PASSWORD") +# JWT_SECRET = os.environ.get("JWT_SECRET")
29-29: Remove unnecessary f-string.No placeholders are used; remove the
fprefix for clarity.-app.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = f'sqlite:///app.db' +app.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = 'sqlite:///app.db'🧰 Tools
🪛 Ruff (0.8.2)
29-29: f-string without any placeholders
Remove extraneous
fprefix(F541)
36-36: Switch to a set forBLOCKED_IPS.A set offers average O(1) membership checks, improving performance with large data.
-BLOCKED_IPS = [] +BLOCKED_IPS = set()
65-73: SQL injection vulnerability.Embedding user input in SQL is dangerous. Use parameterized queries or SQLAlchemy's ORM methods.
-raw_sql = f"SELECT * FROM user WHERE username LIKE '%{query}%'" -result = db.engine.execute(raw_sql) +from sqlalchemy import text +stmt = text("SELECT * FROM user WHERE username LIKE :pattern") +result = db.engine.execute(stmt, {"pattern": f"%{query}%"})
74-81: Command injection vulnerability.Using
shell=Truewith unvalidated input is insecure. Consider sanitizing the input and passing it as a list.-result = subprocess.check_output(f'ping -c 1 {host}', shell=True) +import shlex +safe_host = shlex.quote(host) +result = subprocess.check_output(["ping", "-c", "1", safe_host])
103-110: Unsecure XML parsing.Directly parsing XML can lead to XXE vulnerabilities. Use safe XML libraries or disable external entity loading.
112-116: Discount calculation is incomplete.This only reduces the per-item cost rather than the total. Usually, discounts apply to the entire quantity.
def calculate_discount(price, quantity): if quantity > 10: - return price * 0.9 - return price + return (price * quantity) * 0.9 + return price * quantity
122-125: Insecure password hashing.MD5 is not suitable for storing passwords. Use a stronger approach (e.g., bcrypt, Argon2).
-def hash_password(password): - return hashlib.md5(password.encode()).hexdigest() +def hash_password(password): + import bcrypt + return bcrypt.hashpw(password.encode(), bcrypt.gensalt()).decode()
128-129: Disable debug mode in deployed environments.
debug=Trueexposes sensitive data and can allow remote code execution.-if __name__ == '__main__': - app.run(debug=True, host='0.0.0.0', port=5000) +if __name__ == '__main__': + app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=5000)🧰 Tools
🪛 ast-grep (0.31.1)
[warning] 128-128: Detected Flask app with debug=True. Do not deploy to production with this flag enabled as it will leak sensitive information. Instead, consider using Flask configuration variables or setting 'debug' using system environment variables.
Context: app.run(debug=True, host='0.0.0.0', port=5000)
Note: [CWE-489] Active Debug Code. [REFERENCES]
- https://labs.detectify.com/2015/10/02/how-patreon-got-hacked-publicly-exposed-werkzeug-debugger/(debug-enabled-python)
| Flask==2.0.1 # Intentionally older version | ||
| flask-sqlalchemy==2.5.1 | ||
| PyJWT==1.7.1 # Vulnerable version | ||
| requests==2.25.0 # Older version with known vulnerabilities | ||
| python-dotenv==0.19.0 | ||
| bcrypt==3.2.0 | ||
| redis==3.5.3 | ||
| pandas==1.3.0 # Older version | ||
| numpy==1.19.5 # Older version No newline at end of file |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
💡 Verification agent
🧩 Analysis chain
Confirm whether older or vulnerable versions are truly needed.
Several dependencies listed (e.g., Flask 2.0.1, PyJWT 1.7.1, requests 2.25.0, pandas 1.3.0, numpy 1.19.5) have known vulnerabilities or performance issues. If these specific versions are not required for backward compatibility, consider upgrading them to more recent releases.
Below is an optional script to verify the latest versions on PyPI and check for any known security advisories:
🏁 Script executed:
#!/bin/bash
# Retrieves the latest versions on PyPI for each package and checks
# security advisories on GitHub's Advisory Database.
packages=(Flask flask-sqlalchemy PyJWT requests python-dotenv bcrypt redis pandas numpy)
for pkg in "${packages[@]}"; do
echo "Checking latest version for $pkg..."
curl -s "https://pypi.org/pypi/$pkg/json" | jq -r '.info.version'
echo "Checking security advisories for $pkg..."
gh api graphql -f query="query {
securityVulnerabilities(first: 5, ecosystem: PIP, package: \"$pkg\") {
nodes {
advisory {
summary
severity
publishedAt
}
vulnerableVersionRange
firstPatchedVersion {
identifier
}
}
}
}"
echo "--------------------"
doneLength of output: 11421
Dependency Versions and Known Vulnerabilities: Action Required
After verifying the latest PyPI releases and corresponding security advisories, several dependencies in new-test/req.txt are using outdated versions that are either known to be vulnerable or lack important security fixes. Please confirm if these specific older versions are absolutely required for backward compatibility; otherwise, consider updating them as detailed below:
-
Flask (2.0.1 → Latest: 3.1.0):
- Vulnerability: Versions below 2.2.5 are affected by session cookie disclosure issues.
- Suggestion: Upgrade to at least 2.2.5—or preferably to the latest 3.1.0—if no compatibility issues exist.
-
flask-sqlalchemy (2.5.1 → Latest: 3.1.1):
- Although no security advisories were reported for this package, it remains significantly behind the current release.
-
PyJWT (1.7.1 → Latest: 2.10.1):
- Vulnerability: Versions between 1.5.0 and 2.4.0 are vulnerable to key confusion attacks.
- Suggestion: Upgrade to at least 2.4.0, or preferably to 2.10.1.
-
requests (2.25.0 → Latest: 2.32.3):
- Vulnerabilities: Multiple moderate issues exist, including session verification and sensitive header leaks.
- Suggestion: Upgrade to 2.32.3 which addresses these security concerns.
-
numpy (1.19.5 → Latest: 2.2.4):
- Vulnerabilities: Current version is impacted by buffer overflow (disputed) and incorrect comparison issues.
- Suggestion: Upgrade to a version beyond 1.21/1.22 to mitigate these concerns.
-
Other dependencies:
- python-dotenv (0.19.0 → 1.1.0), bcrypt (3.2.0 → 4.3.0), redis (3.5.3 → 5.2.1), and pandas (1.3.0 → 2.2.3) are also behind their latest releases. While their advisories are either absent or not critical, upgrading should be considered if no strict backward compatibility constraints exist.
Please review these recommendations and update the dependency versions accordingly to mitigate potential security and performance risks.
User description
Summary by Sourcery
Create a Flask application with multiple security vulnerabilities and performance issues as a test or demonstration project
New Features:
Bug Fixes:
Enhancements:
CodeAnt-AI Description
This PR creates a demonstration project showcasing a Flask application with intentional security vulnerabilities and performance issues. It serves as a test or educational tool for identifying and addressing common security flaws in web applications.
Changes walkthrough
app.py
Implement Flask app with security vulnerabilities and basic routesnew-test/app.py
host pinging.
injection.
app.py
Create Flask app with basic routes and vulnerabilitiesno-commet-test/app.py
and host pinging.
injection.
req.txt
Add requirements file with vulnerable package versionsnew-test/req.txt
package versions.
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