Flexible Array

The flex_array crate provides a #[no_std] flexible array similar to std::Vec, but with enhanced control over memory usage and error handling. By allowing you to customize the types used for length, capacity, and indexing operations, FlexArr an alternative to Rust’s std::Vec and you can use it in a lot places where you might otherwise use Vec.

Why Use FlexArr?

I created FlexArr to address some of the limitations inherent in Rust’s standard Vec. Here are the key benefits:

• Reduced Memory Overhead On a 64-bit system, a typical std::Vec uses 24 bytes for its metadata. By choosing a smaller integer type (e.g., u32) for length and capacity, FlexArr can reduce this overhead to just 16 bytes, making it especially useful for to help reduce memory bloat or in embedded systems with limited RAM.

• Fallible Allocations Unlike std::Vec, which may panic on allocation failure, FlexArr employs fallible allocations. Instead of crashing your application, it returns a FlexArrErr, allowing you to implement more graceful error handling. This is particularly advantageous in environments where stability is critical.

• Custom Allocator Support Rust’s standard allocator API remains unstable. To work around this, FlexArr introduces the AltAllocator trait as an alternative to the standard Allocator trait. With FlexArr, you can easily integrate custom memory allocators, and if the allocator API stabilizes in the future, AltAllocator can effectively become an alias for Allocator.

Key Features

• Customizable Metadata Types Tailor the size of your dynamic array’s metadata by choosing a custom LengthType. This allows you to balance memory usage and performance based on your application's needs.

• no_std Compatibility Designed to work in environments where the Rust standard library is not available, making it ideal for embedded systems and other constrained platforms.

Feature Flags

• std_alloc Enables a wrapper type called Global that implements AltAllocator using the standard allocator APIs. This provides a drop-in replacement for applications that rely on the standard memory allocator.

• alloc_unstable Enables support for Rust’s unstable Allocator trait for custom memory allocators. When used in conjunction with std_alloc, this feature re-exports the Global type directly from the std crate rather than using the custom Global wrapper provided by flex_array.

• alloc_api2 Enables support for the allocator-api2 crate, which also provides an Allocator trait in stable rust. This way if you already have allocators written against this you can use them with the flex_array crate. Note: This feature should not be enabled with alloc_unstable feature. If you want to use both just able to enable alloc_unstable and nightly in the allocator-api2 crate. Additionally, if you are using the nightly feature of the allocator-api2 crate you will need to enable the alloc_unstable feature.

Getting Started

Add flex_array to your Cargo.toml.

[dependencies]
flex_array = "0.2.5"

If you want to enable the std allocator enable the std_alloc feature.

flex_array = { version = "0.2.5",  features = ["std_alloc"] }

Example

use flex_array::FlexArr;
use flex_array::alloc::{AllocError, AltAllocator};

struct YourAllocator;

unsafe impl AltAllocator for YourAllocator {
    fn allocate(
        &self,
        _layout: core::alloc::Layout,
    ) -> Result<core::ptr::NonNull<[u8]>, AllocError> {
        todo!("Implement your custom allocator here");
    }
    unsafe fn deallocate(&self, _ptr: core::ptr::NonNull<u8>, _layout: core::alloc::Layout) {
        todo!("Implement your custom allocator here");
    }
}

fn main() {
    // FlexArr with u32 length/capacity and if using the std allocator.
    let mut array: FlexArr<i32> = FlexArr::new();
    // Or
    // Create an empty FlexArr with a custom allocator and a u16 for length/capacity.
    let mut array: FlexArr<i32, YourAllocator, u16> = FlexArr::new_in(YourAllocator);

    // Reserve capacity for 100 elements.
    array.reserve(100).expect("Failed to allocate memory");

    // Push elements into the array.
    array.push(42).expect("Failed to push element");

    // Access elements safely.
    if let Some(value) = array.get(0) {
        println!("First element: {}", value);
    }
}

Feedback and Contributions

I welcome any feedback and contributions! If you have suggestions for improvements, encounter any bugs, or discover potential soundness issues, please open an issue or submit a pull request. Although I've run tests and used Miri to check for issues. The unsafe code required to get a Vec like container while supporting multiple allocators means if you find any soundness issues please let me know so it can be dealt with promptly. Any input is kindly appreciated to ensure the quality and reliability of this crate.

License

• MIT license (LICENSE-MIT)