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README.md

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+# Readme for the Model Associated with the Papers
+
+1. Moczydlowski & Latorre Gating kinetics of Ca++-activated K+ channels from rat muscle incorporated into planar lipid bilayers. *J Gen Physiol* 1983;82:511-542.
+2. Wang et al., Riluzole-induced block of voltage-gated Na(+) current and activation of BK(Ca) channels in cultured differentiated human skeletal muscle cells. *Life Sci* 2008;82:11-20.
+
+## Abstract
+
+The gating kinetics of a Ca2+-activated K+ channel from adult rat muscle plasma membrane are studied in artificial planar bilayers. Analysis of single-channel fluctuations distinguishes two Ca2+- and voltage-dependent processes:
+
+- (a) short-lived channel closure (less than 1 ms) events appearing in a bursting pattern;
+- (b) opening and closing events ranging from one to several hundred milliseconds in duration.
+
+The latter process is studied independently of the first and is denoted as the primary gating mode. At constant voltage, the mean open time of the primary gating mode is a linear function of the [Ca2+], whereas the mean closed time is a linear function of the reciprocal [Ca2+]. In the limits of zero and infinite [Ca2+], the mean open and the mean closed times are, respectively, independent of voltage. These results are predicted by a kinetic scheme consisting of the following reaction steps:
+
+- (a) binding of Ca2+ to a closed state;
+- (b) channel opening;
+- (c) binding of a second Ca2+ ion.
+
+In this scheme, the two Ca2+ binding reactions are voltage dependent, whereas the open-closed transition is voltage independent. The kinetic constant derived for this scheme gives an accurate theoretical fit to the observed equilibrium open-state probability. The results provide evidence for a novel regulatory mechanism for the activity of an ion channel: modulation by voltage of the binding of an agonist molecule, in this case, Ca2+ ion.
+
+## To run the model
+
+Expand the archive and cd into the newly created directory and run:
+`xppaut Ikca.ode`
+then click on **Initialcond** -> **Go**
+
+The trace from voltage-clamp simulation of 'cagk.mod' in NEURON was reproduced:
+
+![ikca.jpg](./ikca.jpg)
+
+## The model file was supplied by
+
+Dr. Sheng-Nan Wu  
+National Cheng Kung University Medical College  
+Tainan 70101, Taiwan  
+[email protected]  
+
+---
+
+2025-05-30: Standardized to Markdown.