Opaque

Secure password based client-server authentication without the server ever obtaining knowledge of the password.

A JavaScript implementation of the OPAQUE protocol based on opaque-ke.

Benefits

• Never accidentally log passwords
• Security against pre-computation attacks upon server compromise
• Foundation for encrypted backups and end-to-end encryption apps
• Through OTF’s Red Team Lab, 7ASecurity conducted a penetration test and whitebox security review

Documentation

In depth documentation can be found at https://opaque-auth.com/.

Install

npm install @serenity-kit/opaque

Usage

import * as opaque from "@serenity-kit/opaque";

Server Setup

The server setup is a one-time operation. It is used to generate the server's long-term private key.

Recommended:

npx @serenity-kit/opaque@latest create-server-setup

The result is a 171 long string. Only store it in a secure location and make sure you have it available in your application e.g. via an environment variable.

const serverSetup = process.env.OPAQUE_SERVER_SETUP;

For development purposes, you can also generate a server setup on the fly:

const serverSetup = opaque.server.createSetup();

Keep in mind that changing the serverSetup will invalidate all existing password files.

Registration Flow

// client
const password = "sup-krah.42-UOI"; // user password

const { clientRegistrationState, registrationRequest } =
  opaque.client.startRegistration({ password });

// server
const userIdentifier = "20e14cd8-ab09-4f4b-87a8-06d2e2e9ff68"; // userId/email/username

const { registrationResponse } = opaque.server.createRegistrationResponse({
  serverSetup,
  userIdentifier,
  registrationRequest,
});

// client
const { registrationRecord } = opaque.client.finishRegistration({
  clientRegistrationState,
  registrationResponse,
  password,
});

// send registrationRecord to server and create user account

Login Flow

// client
const password = "sup-krah.42-UOI"; // user password

const { clientLoginState, startLoginRequest } = opaque.client.startLogin({
  password,
});

// server
const userIdentifier = "20e14cd8-ab09-4f4b-87a8-06d2e2e9ff68"; // userId/email/username

const { loginResponse, serverLoginState } = opaque.server.startLogin({
  userIdentifier,
  registrationRecord,
  serverSetup,
  startLoginRequest,
});

// client
const loginResult = opaque.client.finishLogin({
  clientLoginState,
  loginResponse,
  password,
});
if (!loginResult) {
  throw new Error("Login failed");
}
const { finishLoginRequest, sessionKey } = loginResult;

// server
const { sessionKey } = opaque.server.finishLogin({
  finishLoginRequest,
  serverLoginState,
});

Examples

All server examples require configuration through environment variables to set the OPAQUE_SERVER_SETUP variable at a minimum. A .env file will be automatically generated in the project root when running pnpm build if it doesn't exist already. You can manually generate it by running pnpm gen:dotenv, but by default it will not overwrite an existing file. To force overwriting an existing .env file you can pass the --force flag: pnpm gen:dotenv --force.

server-simple

A server-side nodejs example with expressjs located in ./examples/server-simple. You can start the server with

pnpm example:server:dev

By default the server will use a dummy in-memory database. It will load data from ./data.json and overwrite the file on change. You can disable the file persistence by setting the DISABLE_FS env variable in the .env file:

DISABLE_FS=true

Redis

The server can alternatively use a redis database which can be enabled by setting the ENABLE_REDIS variable in the .env file:

ENABLE_REDIS=true

By default it will try to connect to redis on redis://127.0.0.1:6379. You can optionally set the redis url with the REDIS_URL variable if you want to use a different redis host/port:

REDIS_URL=redis://192.168.0.1:6379

You can quickly get a redis server running locally using docker, e.g:

docker rm -f redis-opaque
docker run --name redis-opaque -p 6379:6379 redis

server-with-password-reset

This is the same as the server-simple example but with added password reset endpoints. Run with:

pnpm example:server-with-password-reset:dev

This example also supports the DISABLE_FS, ENABLE_REDIS and REDIS_URL env variables (see server-simple example above).

client-simple-webpack

A client-side JS example login/registration form is located in ./examples/client-simple-webpack. Expects the examples/server-simple to be running at localhost:8089 (currently hardcoded). You can start the client with

pnpm example:client-simple-webpack:dev

client-simple-vite

This is the same vanilla JS client example as in client-simple-webpack but uses vite instead of webpack. You can run it with

pnpm example:client-simple-vite:dev

fullstack-simple-nextjs

This is the same example app built with nextjs but includes server-side implementation using route handlers. Run with:

pnpm example:fullstack-simple-nextjs:dev

This example can also use a redis database through the ENABLE_REDIS and REDIS_URL env variables (see server-simple example above).

client-with-password-reset

This is the same as the client-simple-webpack example but with added password reset functionality. It expects the server-with-password-reset example to be running. Run with:

pnpm example:client-with-password-reset:dev

Advanced usage

ExportKey

After the initial registration flow as well as ever login flow, the client has access to a private key only available to the client. This is the exportKey. The key is not available to the server and it is stable. Meaning if you log in multiple times your exportKey will stay the same.

Example usage

Registration

// client
const { exportKey, registrationRecord } = opaque.client.finishRegistration({
  clientRegistrationState,
  registrationResponse,
  password,
});

Login

// client
const loginResult = opaque.client.finishLogin({
  clientLoginState,
  loginResponse,
  password,
});
if (!loginResult) {
  throw new Error("Login failed");
}
const { exportKey, finishLoginRequest, sessionKey } = loginResult;

Server Static Public Key

The result of opaque.client.finishRegistration and opaque.client.finishLogin also contains a property serverStaticPublicKey. It can be used to verify the authenticity of the server.

It's recommended to verify the server static public key in the application layer e.g. hard-code it into the application code and verify it's correctness.

Example usage

Server

The serverStaticPublicKey can be extracted using the following CLI command:

npx @serenity-kit/opaque@latest get-server-public-key "<server setup string>"

Alternatively the functionality is exposed via

const serverSetupString = opaque.server.createSetup();
opaque.server.getPublicKey(serverSetupString);

Client

Registration

// client
const { serverStaticPublicKey } = opaque.client.finishRegistration({
  clientRegistrationState,
  registrationResponse,
  password,
});

Login

// client
const loginResult = opaque.client.finishLogin({
  clientLoginState,
  loginResponse,
  password,
});
if (!loginResult) {
  throw new Error("Login failed");
}
const { serverStaticPublicKey } = loginResult;

Identifiers

By default the server-side sets a userIdentifier during the registration and login process. This userIdentifier does not even need to be exposed to be exposed to a client.

opaque.client.finishRegistration, opaque.server.startLogin and opaque.client.finishLogin all accept an optional object identifiers. It accepts an optional string value for the property client and an optional string value for server.

type Identifiers = {
  client?: string;
  server?: string;
};

The identifiers will be public, but cryptographically bound to the registration record.

Once provided in the opaque.client.finishRegistration function call, the identical identifiers must be provided in the opaque.server.startLogin and opaque.client.finishLogin function call. Otherwise the login will result in an error.

Example Registration

// client
const { registrationRecord } = opaque.client.finishRegistration({
  clientRegistrationState,
  registrationResponse,
  password,
  identifiers: {
    client: "[email protected]",
    server: "mastodon.example.com",
  },
});

// send registrationRecord to server and create user account

Example Login

// server
const { serverLoginState, loginResponse } = opaque.server.startLogin({
  serverSetup,
  userIdentifier,
  registrationRecord,
  startLoginRequest,
  identifiers: {
    client: "[email protected]",
    server: "mastodon.example.com",
  },
});

// client
const loginResult = opaque.client.finishLogin({
  clientLoginState,
  loginResponse,
  password,
  identifiers: {
    client: "[email protected]",
    server: "mastodon.example.com",
  },
});
if (!loginResult) {
  throw new Error("Login failed");
}
const { finishLoginRequest, sessionKey } = loginResult;

P256 Support

The default implementation uses ristretto255 for the OPRF and the group mode.

If you would like to use the P-256 curve instead, you can use the @serenity-kit/opaque-p256 package. The API is identical.

ReactNative

There is also a React Native version of this library available at https://github.com/serenity-kit/react-native-opaque as weel as https://github.com/serenity-kit/react-native-opaque-p256.

Acknowledgement

This project was supported by the Netidee funding campaign.