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Ref: ethereum#30725

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  • Bugfix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
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  • CICD Improvement

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  • This PR has sufficient test coverage (unit/integration test) OR I have provided reason in the PR description for not having test coverage
  • Provide an end-to-end test plan in the PR description on how to manually test it on the devnet/testnet.
  • Tested the backwards compatibility.
  • Tested with XDC nodes running this version co-exist with those running the previous version.
  • Relevant documentation has been updated as part of this PR
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@gzliudan gzliudan changed the title core/vm/program: evm bytecode-building utility (#30725) core/vm/program: evm bytecode-building utility #30725 Nov 21, 2025
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✨ Finishing touches
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In many cases, there is a need to create somewhat nontrivial bytecode. A
recent example is the verkle statetests, where we want a `CREATE2`- op
to create a contract, which can then be invoked, and when invoked does a
selfdestruct-to-self.

It is overkill to go full solidity, but it is also a bit tricky do
assemble this by concatenating bytes. This PR takes an approach that
has been used in in goevmlab for several years.

Using this utility, the case can be expressed as:
```golang
	// Some runtime code
	runtime := program.New().Ops(vm.ADDRESS, vm.SELFDESTRUCT).Bytecode()
	// A constructor returning the runtime code
	initcode := program.New().ReturnData(runtime).Bytecode()
	// A factory invoking the constructor
	outer := program.New().Create2AndCall(initcode, nil).Bytecode()
```

We have a lot of places in the codebase where we concatenate bytes, cast
from `vm.OpCode` . By taking tihs approach instead, thos places can be made a
bit more maintainable/robust.
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2 participants