The Handbook of Data Science is an electronic handbook that reports knowledge, news and trends in Data Science in support of specific (differently fine-tuned) Natural Language Processing Models (NLP) engaging experts and a general readership to maintain an understanding of Modern Calculus and Data Science techniques.
It is divided into Algorithms, Data Structures and ML, and Programming Languages and Software, for which open-source software is provided here.
Peer review and editorial services at The Electronic Handbook of Data Science are completely free of charge for readers.
Interested companies and readers are acknowledged to follow the handbook’s main page officially and read the human-written lead articles with the appended follower and clapping buttons.
Contributors who are interested in publishing stories of their daily business or in the development of an own NLP model may send their ideas for peer review to [email protected].
Articles for contributors will be created by specific and generic AI models.
Peer review before acceptance or rejection is typically carried out within two to four weeks after submission.
The Electronic Handbook of Data Science in particular covers the following topics:
AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML) is a web development technique used to create interactive and dynamic web applications. It allows web pages to update asynchronously by exchanging data with a server in the background without requiring a full page reload. AJAX typically uses JavaScript to send requests via the XMLHttpRequest object and processes responses, often in JSON or XML formats. It enhances user experience with faster interactions, powering features like live search, chat apps, and dynamic content loading.
Bootstrap is a popular open-source CSS framework designed to simplify web development. It provides pre-designed templates, responsive grid systems, and reusable components like buttons, forms, and navigation bars, enabling developers to create visually appealing and mobile-friendly websites quickly. Bootstrap uses HTML, CSS, and JavaScript and supports customization for unique designs. Its responsive design principles make websites adapt seamlessly to different screen sizes, making it ideal for modern web development.
C++ is a high-performance, general-purpose programming language developed by Bjarne Stroustrup in 1983 as an extension of C. It supports procedural, object-oriented, and generic programming, making it versatile for various applications, including system software, game development, and embedded systems. C++ offers features like classes, inheritance, and polymorphism, along with low-level memory management via pointers. Its combination of efficiency and flexibility has made it a cornerstone of software development.
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is a stylesheet language used to control the presentation and layout of HTML documents. It allows developers to define styles for elements, including colors, fonts, spacing, and positioning, enabling consistent and visually appealing designs. CSS supports responsive design with features like media queries, adapting content to different screen sizes. It separates content (HTML) from design, improving maintainability. CSS is essential for creating modern, user-friendly, and dynamic web pages.
Data structures are fundamental concepts in computer science used to organize, store, and manage data efficiently. They enable effective data access, modification, and storage depending on specific use cases. Common types include arrays, linked lists, stacks, queues, trees, graphs, and hash tables. Each data structure has unique strengths for tasks like searching, sorting, or storing hierarchical data. Mastery of data structures is crucial for writing optimized algorithms and solving complex computational problems.
Deep Learning is a subset of machine learning focused on neural networks with many layers. It uses frameworks like TensorFlow or PyTorch, typically implemented in Python, to build models that learn from large datasets. Inspired by the human brain, deep learning excels in tasks like image recognition, natural language processing, and speech recognition. It automates feature extraction, making it ideal for solving complex problems in AI, such as self-driving cars and voice assistants.
Emacs is not a programming language but a highly customizable text editor, originally developed by Richard Stallman in 1976. It is widely used for programming, writing, and text editing. Emacs is extensible through Emacs Lisp, a built-in programming language, allowing users to customize or create new features. Known for its powerful keybindings, modes for different programming languages, and integration with tools like Git, Emacs is a versatile tool for developers and writers seeking efficiency and flexibility.
Git is a distributed version control system designed to track changes in source code during software development. Created by Linus Torvalds in 2005, it enables multiple developers to work on projects simultaneously. Git allows for efficient management of code history, branching, and merging. It supports collaboration by tracking changes across various versions and offers tools like GitHub for remote repositories, making it essential for modern software development and project management.
GraphQL is a query language for APIs and a runtime for executing those queries. Developed by Facebook in 2012, it allows clients to request exactly the data they need, reducing over-fetching and under-fetching of data. Unlike REST, which uses multiple endpoints for different resources, GraphQL uses a single endpoint to access all the required data. It supports real-time updates via subscriptions and is highly flexible, making it ideal for modern web and mobile applications that need efficient data handling.
HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is the standard language used to create and structure content on the web. It defines the elements of a webpage, such as headings, paragraphs, images, links, and forms, using tags. HTML provides the basic structure for web pages, enabling browsers to render content correctly. Combined with CSS for styling and JavaScript for interactivity, HTML forms the foundation of web development and is essential for creating modern websites and applications.
Homebrew is a package manager for macOS and Linux, designed to simplify the installation and management of software. It allows users to easily install, update, and maintain applications and utilities from the command line. Homebrew handles dependencies and ensures that the correct versions of software are installed. With a large repository of open-source packages, it streamlines the process of setting up development environments and installing tools, making it a popular choice among developers and system administrators.
JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) is a lightweight, text-based data format used for storing and exchanging data between systems. It is easy for humans to read and write, and easy for machines to parse and generate. JSON represents data as key-value pairs, similar to a dictionary or object in many programming languages. Commonly used in web applications, APIs, and configuration files, JSON is language-independent, making it a popular choice for data serialization and communication between servers and clients.
Java is a high-level, object-oriented programming language developed by Sun Microsystems in 1995. It is designed to be platform-independent, using the "write once, run anywhere" principle, meaning Java code can run on any device with a Java Virtual Machine (JVM). Known for its reliability, security, and scalability, Java is widely used in enterprise applications, mobile apps (especially Android), web development, and large systems. It supports multithreading and is favored for its rich ecosystem and community.
It seems like you're referring to "Jaravel," but there is no widely recognized programming language by that name. You might be referring to "Laravel", which is a popular PHP framework used for web development. If that's the case, here's a brief summary:
Laravel is an open-source PHP framework designed to simplify web development. It follows the MVC (Model-View-Controller) architecture and provides tools like routing, authentication, and database migrations. Known for its elegant syntax and developer-friendly features, Laravel is widely used for building scalable, secure web applications with ease.
Linux is not a programming language, but an open-source, Unix-like operating system kernel developed by Linus Torvalds in 1991. It serves as the foundation for various distributions (distros) like Ubuntu, Fedora, and Debian. Known for its stability, security, and flexibility, Linux is widely used in servers, embedded systems, and desktops. It supports a variety of programming languages and is popular among developers, system administrators, and those seeking a customizable, cost-effective operating system.
MATLAB is a high-level programming language and environment primarily used for numerical computing, data analysis, and visualization. Developed by MathWorks, it is widely used in academia, research, and industries like engineering, finance, and physics. MATLAB provides built-in functions for matrix manipulation, plotting data, and solving mathematical problems. It also supports simulation, algorithm development, and advanced statistical analysis, making it ideal for tasks in machine learning, signal processing, and control systems.
MongoDB is a NoSQL database used for storing and managing large volumes of unstructured data. It uses a document-oriented approach, where data is stored in JSON-like format (BSON). Unlike traditional relational databases, MongoDB offers flexibility in schema design, enabling developers to store complex, nested data. It supports high scalability, replication, and real-time performance, making it ideal for modern web applications, big data, and real-time analytics. MongoDB is widely used for its efficiency and flexibility.
MySQL is an open-source relational database management system (RDBMS) used for storing, organizing, and managing structured data. It uses SQL (Structured Query Language) to interact with databases, enabling users to create, read, update, and delete data. Known for its reliability, speed, and scalability, MySQL is widely used in web development and applications. It supports multiple platforms and integrates with various programming languages, making it a popular choice for managing databases in dynamic websites and enterprise applications.
It seems there might be some confusion, as there is no widely known programming language named "Ollama." However, if you are referring to Ollama in the context of AI and machine learning, it could be a platform or tool related to AI models. If you meant something else, could you clarify? I'd be happy to provide the correct summary or help with more information. Let me know!
PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) is a widely used open-source server-side scripting language designed for web development. It is embedded within HTML to create dynamic web pages and applications. PHP is known for its simplicity, flexibility, and ability to interact with databases like MySQL, making it ideal for building data-driven websites. It supports various web technologies and frameworks, offering features such as session management, form handling, and file manipulation. PHP is widely used for creating content management systems (CMS) like WordPress.
PostgreSQL is an open-source, object-relational database management system (RDBMS) known for its robustness, scalability, and compliance with SQL standards. It supports advanced data types and indexing methods, making it suitable for complex queries and large-scale applications. PostgreSQL offers features like ACID compliance, foreign keys, joins, views, and stored procedures. It is highly extensible, supporting custom functions, and is widely used in enterprise applications, web development, and data analytics.
Python is a high-level, interpreted programming language known for its simplicity, readability, and versatility. It supports multiple programming paradigms, including procedural, object-oriented, and functional programming. Python is widely used in web development, data science, artificial intelligence, automation, and scientific computing. With an extensive standard library and a large ecosystem of third-party packages, Python is favored by developers for rapid development, making it one of the most popular programming languages worldwide.
R is a programming language and software environment used primarily for statistical computing and data analysis. It provides a wide range of statistical techniques, including linear and nonlinear modeling, time-series analysis, and data visualization. R has powerful data manipulation capabilities and supports various packages for specialized analysis. It is widely used in academia, research, and industries like healthcare, finance, and data science for its flexibility and extensive ecosystem of libraries and tools.
Raspberry Pi is not a programming language, but a series of low-cost, credit-card-sized single-board computers. It is designed to promote learning and experimentation in computing and electronics. Raspberry Pi supports various programming languages, including Python, C++, and Scratch. It's widely used in education, prototyping, robotics, and IoT projects. With its GPIO (General Purpose Input/Output) pins, it allows users to interface with hardware, making it popular for hands-on learning and building innovative projects.
SQL (Structured Query Language) is a standard programming language used for managing and manipulating relational databases. It allows users to perform tasks such as querying data, inserting, updating, and deleting records, and managing database structures like tables and indexes. SQL is essential for interacting with databases and is widely used in applications ranging from web development to data analysis. Popular SQL-based databases include MySQL, PostgreSQL, and Microsoft SQL Server, making it a cornerstone of data-driven applications.
Scikit-learn is an open-source machine learning library for Python, designed for data analysis and modeling. It provides simple and efficient tools for data mining, machine learning, and statistical modeling. Scikit-learn supports various algorithms for classification, regression, clustering, dimensionality reduction, and model evaluation. With a user-friendly interface and integration with other Python libraries like NumPy and Pandas, it is widely used for developing machine learning models and conducting data-driven research.
Symfony is a popular open-source PHP framework used for developing web applications. It provides reusable PHP components and a set of tools to create robust, scalable, and maintainable websites. Symfony follows the Model-View-Controller (MVC) architecture and supports features like routing, templating, and security. Known for its flexibility and modularity, Symfony is widely used in enterprise-level applications and integrates well with other frameworks and libraries, making it a preferred choice for professional developers.
TensorFlow is an open-source machine learning library developed by Google, widely used for building and deploying machine learning models. It supports deep learning, neural networks, and various other algorithms. TensorFlow allows for efficient numerical computation across multiple platforms, from desktops to mobile devices. It provides tools for training, testing, and deploying models, making it popular for AI applications in areas like image recognition, natural language processing, and predictive analytics.
The terminal is not a programming language but a command-line interface (CLI) used to interact with an operating system. It allows users to execute commands, run scripts, and navigate the file system without a graphical user interface (GUI). Commonly used in Unix-based systems like Linux and macOS, the terminal provides a powerful environment for developers, system administrators, and advanced users to perform tasks such as file manipulation, software installation, and system management efficiently.