Support building Example module with OpenJDK 23

[linghengqian]

For #32927.

Changes proposed in this pull request:

• Support building Example module with OpenJDK 23. Fixes https://github.com/apache/shardingsphere/actions/runs/11297151161/job/31423492593 .
• Due to the ongoing dispute at [GR-56345] Provide an espresso-runtime-<RuntimeResourceId> with UPL or GPL as the LICENSE? oracle/graal#9382 , GraalVM Truffle's Espresso implementation currently does not have a GPL V2 LICENSE JAR. Cross-compiling GraalVM Truffle's Espresso implementation JAR via LLVM would only cause annoyance to contributors in the shardingsphere. Therefore, I need to import the non-OSI approved LICENSE org.graalvm.polyglot:java:24.1.0 in the unit test.

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• My code follows the code of conduct of this project.
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• I have added corresponding unit tests for my changes.

[linghengqian]

• CC @RaigorJiang . Also for Support compiling and using ShardingSphere under OpenJDK 23 #33025 (comment) .
• A bit strange, it seems that only Oracle JDK's JDK 17.0.11, 11.0.23, 8u411 supports parsing the JVM argument of -proc:full. I added a separate Maven Profile to verify ./mvnw clean package -f examples/pom.xml -T1C.

[linghengqian]

• I used GraalVM CE For JDK 23 to complete the verification of ./mvnw clean install -T1C -Dmaven.javadoc.skip -Dmaven.jacoco.skip -e and ./mvnw clean package -f examples/pom.xml -T1C.