[SPARK-51442][SQL] Add time formatters

[MaxGekk]

What changes were proposed in this pull request?

In the PR, I propose two new formatters: Iso8601TimeFormatter and FractionTimeFormatter similar to the date or timestamp formatters:

• The ISO 8601 formatter is capable of formatting and parsing the ISO-8601 extended time format,
• The fraction formatter is similar to the previous one but does not output trailing zeros in the fraction.

Why are the changes needed?

The datetime formatters are used in CAST and other parsing/formatting expressions.

Does this PR introduce any user-facing change?

No.

How was this patch tested?

By running new test suite:

$ build/sbt "test:testOnly *TimeFormatterSuite"
$ build/sbt "test:testOnly *TimestampFormatterSuite"

Was this patch authored or co-authored using generative AI tooling?

No.