feat: Add Python URL shortener template

python/url-shortener/README.md

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+# URL Shortener in Python
+
+A Python function to create and manage short URLs.
+
+## 📝 Environment Variables
+
+- `APPWRITE_ENDPOINT`: Your Appwrite endpoint.
+- `APPWRITE_API_KEY`: Your Appwrite API key.
+- `APPWRITE_PROJECT`: Your Appwrite project ID.
+- `DATABASE_ID`: The ID of the database to store URLs.
+- `COLLECTION_ID`: The ID of the collection to store URLs.
+
+## 🚀 Building and Deployment
+
+1.  **Create an Appwrite Database and Collection:**
+    * Create a database with a unique ID.
+    * Create a collection with the following attribute:
+        * `original_url` (string, required, size 2048)
+
+2.  **Deploy the Function:**
+    * Package the function: `tar -czvf code.tar.gz .`
+    * In the Appwrite Console, go to **Functions** and click **Create Function**.
+    * Select the **Python 3.9** runtime.
+    * Upload the `code.tar.gz` file.
+    * In the **Settings** tab, set the **Entrypoint** to `src/main.py`.
+    * Add the required environment variables.
+    * Activate the function.
+
+## 🛠️ Usage
+
+### Create a Short URL
+
+Execute the function with a `POST` request and a JSON body:
+
+```json
+{
+  "url": "[https://www.google.com](https://www.google.com)"
+}
+```

python/url-shortener/requirements.txt

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+appwrite==3.1.0
+nanoid==2.0.0

python/url-shortener/src/main.py

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+import os
+import json
+import nanoid
+from appwrite.exceptions import AppwriteException
+import utils
+
+# This is your Appwrite function
+# It's executed each time we get a request
+def main(context):
+    database = utils.get_database()
+
+    database_id = os.environ.get("DATABASE_ID")
+    collection_id = os.environ.get("COLLECTION_ID")
+
+    if not database_id or not collection_id:
+        return context.res.json(
+            {'error': 'Missing required environment variables: DATABASE_ID or COLLECTION_ID'},
+            status_code=500
+        )
+
+    short_id = None
+    if context.req.method in ('GET', 'HEAD'):
+        path_parts = context.req.path.split('/')
+        if path_parts and len(path_parts[-1]) == 7:
+            short_id = path_parts[-1]
+
+        query = getattr(context.req, 'query', {})
+        if not short_id and query and 'id' in query:
+             short_id = query['id']
+
+    if short_id:
+        try:
+            doc = database.get_document(database_id, collection_id, short_id)
+            return context.res.redirect(doc['original_url'], 301)
+        except AppwriteException as e:
+            if e.code == 404:
+                return context.res.json({'error': 'URL not found'}, status_code=404)
+            return context.res.json({'error': str(e)}, status_code=500)
+
+    try:
+        payload = json.loads(context.req.body) if context.req.body else {}
+    except json.JSONDecodeError:
+        return context.res.json({'error': 'Invalid JSON payload'}, status_code=400)
+
+    if 'short_id' in payload:
+        short_id = payload['short_id']
+        if not isinstance(short_id, str) or len(short_id) != 7:
+            return context.res.json({'error': 'Invalid short_id format'}, status_code=400)
+        try:
+            doc = database.get_document(database_id, collection_id, short_id)
+            return context.res.redirect(doc['original_url'], 301)
+        except AppwriteException as e:
+            if e.code == 404:
+                return context.res.json({'error': 'URL not found'}, status_code=404)
+            return context.res.json({'error': str(e)}, status_code=500)
+
+    if 'url' in payload:
+        original_url = payload['url'].strip() if isinstance(payload.get('url'), str) else None
+
+        if not original_url or not original_url.startswith(('http://', 'https://')):
+            return context.res.json({'error': 'Invalid URL format. Must start with http:// or https://'}, status_code=400)
+        if len(original_url) > 2048:
+            return context.res.json({'error': 'URL too long (max 2048 characters)'}, status_code=400)
+
+        short_id = None
+        # --- (FINAL FIX) Wrap the loop in a try...except block ---
+        try:
+            for _ in range(5):
+                candidate_id = nanoid.generate(size=7)
+                try:
+                    database.create_document(
+                        database_id,
+                        collection_id,
+                        candidate_id,
+                        {'original_url': original_url}
+                    )
+                    short_id = candidate_id
+                    break 
+                except AppwriteException as e:
+                    if e.code == 409:
+                        continue
+                    raise 
+        except AppwriteException as e:
+            return context.res.json({'error': f'Database error: {str(e)}'}, status_code=500)
+
+        if not short_id:
+            return context.res.json({'error': 'Failed to generate a unique short ID after multiple attempts.'}, status_code=500)
+
+        execution_path = context.req.path
+        short_url = f"{context.req.scheme}://{context.req.host}{execution_path}/{short_id}"
+        return context.res.json({'short_url': short_url})
+
+    return context.res.json({'error': 'Invalid request.'}, status_code=400)

python/url-shortener/src/utils.py

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+import os
+from appwrite.client import Client
+from appwrite.services.databases import Databases
+from functools import lru_cache
+
+# This is your Appwrite function
+# It's executed each time we get a request
+@lru_cache(maxsize=1)
+def get_database():
+    # Validate environment variables
+    required_vars = ["APPWRITE_ENDPOINT", "APPWRITE_PROJECT", "APPWRITE_API_KEY"]
+    missing_vars = [var for var in required_vars if var not in os.environ]
+    if missing_vars:
+        raise ValueError(f"Missing required environment variables: {', '.join(missing_vars)}")
+
+    # Initialize the Appwrite client
+    client = Client()
+    client.set_endpoint(os.environ["APPWRITE_ENDPOINT"])
+    client.set_project(os.environ["APPWRITE_PROJECT"])
+    client.set_key(os.environ["APPWRITE_API_KEY"])
+
+    # Initialize the database service
+    return Databases(client)