cannon: Presate patching

[Inphi]

Illustrates an idea for deterministically patching a prestate. This lets us generate a base op-program prestate, common to all chains, while supporting additional configuration to the base without requiring a Go rebuild of the op-program.

✗ go test -run TestInstrumentedState_ProgramPatch ./cannon/mipsevm/multithreaded/ -tags=cannon64 -v
=== RUN   TestInstrumentedState_ProgramPatch
=== PAUSE TestInstrumentedState_ProgramPatch
=== CONT  TestInstrumentedState_ProgramPatch
hello world!
vm data: main.VMData{Name:"cannon-load", Version:2}
--- PASS: TestInstrumentedState_ProgramPatch (0.22s)
PASS
ok      github.com/ethereum-optimism/optimism/cannon/mipsevm/multithreaded      0.237s

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 91.04478% with 6 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 66.73%. Comparing base (b8b1bc1) to head (1ed85b0).

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
cannon/mipsevm/program/patch.go	82.35%	4 Missing and 2 partials ⚠️

❗ There is a different number of reports uploaded between BASE (b8b1bc1) and HEAD (1ed85b0). Click for more details.

HEAD has 5 uploads less than BASE

Flag	BASE (b8b1bc1)	HEAD (1ed85b0)
	2	1
contracts-bedrock-tests	2	0
cannon-go-tests-32	2	1
cannon-go-tests-64	2	1

Additional details and impacted files

@@             Coverage Diff              @@
##           develop   #15031       +/-   ##
============================================
- Coverage    78.61%   66.73%   -11.88%     
============================================
  Files          178       61      -117     
  Lines        10894     4879     -6015     
============================================
- Hits          8564     3256     -5308     
+ Misses        2128     1443      -685     
+ Partials       202      180       -22     

Flag	Coverage Δ
cannon-go-tests-32	62.19% <70.14%> (-1.90%)	⬇️
cannon-go-tests-64	57.53% <86.56%> (-1.24%)	⬇️
contracts-bedrock-tests	?

Flags with carried forward coverage won't be shown. Click here to find out more.

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
cannon/mipsevm/testutil/elf.go	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
cannon/mipsevm/testutil/vmtests.go	92.43% <100.00%> (+1.43%)	⬆️
cannon/mipsevm/program/patch.go	85.14% <82.35%> (-1.42%)	⬇️

... and 125 files with indirect coverage changes

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