A Framework for Fuzz Target Generation and Evaluation

This framework generates fuzz targets for real-world C/C++/Java/Python projects with various Large Language Models (LLM) and benchmarks them via the OSS-Fuzz platform.

More details available in AI-Powered Fuzzing: Breaking the Bug Hunting Barrier:

Current supported models are:

• Vertex AI code-bison
• Vertex AI code-bison-32k
• Gemini Pro
• Gemini Ultra
• Gemini Experimental
• Gemini 1.5
• OpenAI GPT-3.5-turbo
• OpenAI GPT-4
• OpenAI GPT-4o
• OpenAI GPT-4o-mini
• OpenAI GPT-4-turbo
• OpenAI GPT-3.5-turbo (Azure)
• OpenAI GPT-4 (Azure)
• OpenAI GPT-4o (Azure)

Generated fuzz targets are evaluated with four metrics against the most up-to-date data from production environment:

• Compilability
• Runtime crashes
• Runtime coverage
• Runtime line coverage diff against existing human-written fuzz targets in OSS-Fuzz.

Here is a sample experiment result from 2024 Jan 31. The experiment included 1300+ benchmarks from 297 open-source projects.

Overall, this framework manages to successfully leverage LLMs to generate valid fuzz targets (which generate non-zero coverage increase) for 160 C/C++ projects. The maximum line coverage increase is 29% from the existing human-written targets.

Note that these reports are not public as they may contain undisclosed vulnerabilities.

Usage

Check our detailed usage guide for instructions on how to run this framework and generate reports based on the results.

Collaborations

Interested in research or open-source community collaborations? Please feel free to create an issue or email us: [email protected].

Bugs Discovered

So far, we have reported 26 new bugs/vulnerabilities found by automatically generated targets built by this framework:

Project	Bug	LLM	Prompt Builder	Target oracle
cJSON	OOB read	Vertex AI	Default	Far reach, low coverage
libplist	OOB read	Vertex AI	Default	Far reach, low coverage
hunspell	OOB read	Vertex AI	default	Far reach, low coverage
zstd	OOB write	Vertex AI	default	Far reach, low coverage
gdbm	Stack buffer underflow	Vertex AI	default	Far reach, low coverage
hoextdown	Use of uninitialised memory	Vertex AI	default	Far reach, low coverage
pjsip	OOB read	Vertex AI	Default	Low coverage with fuzz keyword + easy params far reach
pjsip	OOB read	Vertex AI	Default	Low coverage with fuzz keyword + easy params far reach
gpac	OOB read	Vertex AI	Default	Low coverage with fuzz keyword + easy params far reach
gpac	OOB read/write	Vertex AI	Default	All
gpac	OOB read	Vertex AI	Default	All
gpac	OOB read	Vertex AI	Default	All
sqlite3	OOB read	Vertex AI	Default	All
htslib	OOB read	Vertex AI	Default	All
libical	OOB read	Vertex AI	Default	All
croaring	OOB read	Vertex AI	Test-to-harness	All
openssl	CVE-2024-9143 - OOB read/write	Vertex AI	Default	All
Undisclosed	Java RCE (pending maintainer triage)	Vertex AI	Default	Far reach, low coverage
Undisclosed	Regexp DoS (pending maintainer triage)	Vertex AI	Default	Far reach, low coverage
Undisclosed	Use of uninitialised memory	Vertex AI	Test-to-harness	Test identifier
Undisclosed	OOB read	Vertex AI	Default	Low coverage with fuzz keyword + easy params far reach
Undisclosed	Use after free	Vertex AI	Default	Low coverage with fuzz keyword + easy params far reach
Undisclosed	OOB read	Vertex AI	Default	All
Undisclosed	OOB read	Vertex AI	Default	All
Undisclosed	OOB read	Vertex AI	Default	All
Undisclosed	OOB read	Vertex AI	Test-to-harness	Test identifier

These bugs could only have been discovered with newly generated targets. They were not reachable with existing OSS-Fuzz targets.

Current top coverage improvements by project

Project	Total coverage gain	Total relative gain	OSS-Fuzz-gen total covered lines	OSS-Fuzz-gen new covered lines	Existing covered lines	Total project lines
phmap	98.42%	205.75%	1601	1181	574	1120
usbguard	97.62%	26.04%	24550	5463	20979	3564
onednn	96.67%	7057.14%	5434	5434	77	210
avahi	82.06%	155.90%	3358	2814	1805	3046
pugixml	72.98%	194.95%	9015	6646	3409	7662
librdkafka	66.88%	845.57%	5019	4490	531	1169
casync	66.75%	903.23%	1171	1120	124	1678
tomlplusplus	61.06%	331.10%	4755	3652	1103	5981
astc-encoder	59.35%	177.88%	2726	1745	981	2940
mruby	48.56%	0.00%	34493	34493	0	71038
arduinojson	42.10%	85.80%	3344	1800	2098	4276
json	41.13%	66.51%	5051	3339	5020	8119
double-conversion	40.40%	88.12%	1663	779	884	1928
tinyobjloader	38.26%	77.01%	1157	717	931	1874
glog	38.18%	58.69%	895	331	564	867
cppitertools	35.78%	45.07%	253	151	335	422
eigen	35.38%	190.70%	2643	1947	1021	5503
glaze	34.55%	30.06%	2920	2416	8036	6993
rapidjson	31.83%	148.07%	1585	958	647	3010
libunwind	30.58%	83.25%	2899	1342	1612	4388
openh264	30.07%	50.14%	6607	5751	11470	19123

* "Total coverage gain" is calculated using a denominator of the total lines of source code compiled during the OSS-Fuzz build process for the entire project. "Total relative gain" is the increase in coverage compared to the old number of covered lines.

* Additional code from the project-under-test maybe included when compiling the new fuzz targets and result in high percentage gains.

Citing This Work

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