le_node: Logentries Client

Allows you to send logs to your logentries account from Node or io.js.

It might work with Browserify, too, but you would need to use shims for net and tls. Such shims do exist, based on forge, but I haven’t tested it. There’s a seperate client intended for use in the browser though, called le_js, which uses http and is optimized for browser-specific logging needs.

Tested in Node v0.10 + and io.js. It probably works in Node 0.8 too, but one of the test libraries (mitm) doesn’t, so it remains unconfirmed.

What is now "le_node" was previously "logentries-client"; users of le_node versions before 1.0.2 should read the sections below that detail differences if they wish to update.

• Start
• Options
• Log Levels
• Events
• Log Entries
• Methods
• Buffer & Connection Issues
• Using as a Winston ‘Transport’
• Using with Bunyan
• Setting Up With Logentries Itself
• 2015-05-26: le_node & Logentries-Client
• Changelog (Post-Merge)
• Changelog (Old Logentries-Client)
• Changelog (Old le_node)

Start

var Logger = require('le_node');

var logger = new Logger({ token: 'myAccessToken' });

logger.warning('The kittens have become alarmingly adorable.')

Options

The options object you provide to the constructor only requires your access token, but you can configure its behavior further.

All of the following except token, levels and secure can also be configured after instantiation as settable properties on the client. They are accessors, though, and invalid values will be ignored.

Required

• token: String. Authorization token for the Logentries service.

Behavior

• console: If truthy, log events also get sent to console.log, console.warn and console.error as appropriate. Default: false.
• levels: Custom names for the 8 log levels and their corresponding methods. More details on this below.
• minLevel: The minimum level to actually record logs at. String or Number. Defaults to 0.
• bufferSize: The maximum number of log entries that may be queued for sending at a given moment. Default: 100.
• secure: If truthy, uses a tls connection. Default: false.
• timeout: The time, in milliseconds, that inactivity should warrant closing the connection to the host until needed again. Defaults to three minutes.
• maxFailedAttempts: The number of times to retry to reach the logentries host in case of error when connecting. Default: 15.
• retryTimeout: Time to wait between attemps when trying to reach the logentries host. Default: 15 * 60 * 1000.

Log Processing Options

• flatten: Convert objects into a single-level object where the values of interior objects become dot-notation properties of the root object. Defaults to false. More details on this below.
• flattenArrays: If flatten is true, you can also indicate whether arrays should be subject to the same process. Defaults to true if flatten is true; otherwise meaningless.
• replacer: A custom value-transform function to be used during JSON serialization. Applied before error transformation.
• timestamp: If truthy, prefix entries with an ISO timestamp (if strings) or add the same as a property (if objects). Default: false.
• withLevel: Will prepend (string) or add property (object) indicating the log level. Default: true.
• withStack: If an object is or contains an Error object, setting this to true will cause the stack trace to be included. Default: false.

Other

• host: The host to send logs to. Normally you would not want to set this, but it may be useful for mocking during tests. The value may be just the host or the host with the port specified.
• port: As above. This will default to 80 if secure is false, or 443 if it’s true.

Log Levels

The default log levels are:

0. debug
1. info
2. notice
3. warning
4. err
5. crit
6. alert
7. emerg

You can provision the constructor with custom names for these levels with either an array or an object hash:

[ 'boring', 'yawn', 'eh', 'hey' ]

{ boring: 0, yawn: 1, eh: 2, hey: 3 }

In the former case, the index corresponds to the numeric level, so sparse arrays are valid. In either case, missing levels will be filled in with the defaults.

The minLevel option respects either level number (e.g. 2) or the name (e.g. 'eh').

The level names each become methods on the client, which are just sugar for calling client.log(lvl, logentry) with the first argument curried.

Since these names will appear on the client, they can’t collide with existing properties. Not that you’re particularly likely to try naming a log level ‘hasOwnProperty’ or ‘_write’ but I figured I should mention it.

So the following three are equivalent:

logger.notice('my msg');
logger.log('notice', 'my msg');
logger.log(2, 'my msg');

It’s also possible to forgo log levels altogether. Just call log with a single argument and it will be interpretted as the log entry. When used this way, the minLevel setting is ignored.

Events

'error'

The client is an EventEmitter, so you should (as always) make sure you have a listener on 'error'. Error events can occur when there’s been a problem with the connection or if a method was called with invalid parameters. Note that errors that occur during instantiation, as opposed to operation, will throw.

'log'

Triggered when a log is about to be written to the underlying connection. The prepared log object or string is supplied as an argument.

'connected' and 'disconnected'

These indicate when a new connection to the host is established or has ended. Disconnection is normal if the connection is inactive for several minutes; it will be reopened when needed again.

'drain', 'finish', 'pipe', and 'unpipe'

These are events inherited from Writable. Note that the drain event here is not the one you want to listen for if you’re interested in confirming that all pending data has transmitted -- for that, listen to 'connection drain'.

'connection drain'

This is the propagated drain event of the current underlying connection stream. This can be useful when it’s time for the application to terminate but you want to be sure any pending logs have finished writing.

process.on('SIGINT', () => {
   logger.notice({ type: 'server', event: 'shutdown' });
   logger.once('connection drain', () => process.exit());
});

Log Entries

Log entries can be strings or objects. If the log argument is an array, it will be interpretted as multiple log events.

Object Serialization

In the case of objects, the native JSON.stringify serialization is augmented in several ways. In addition to handling circular references, it will automatically take care of a variety of objects and primitives which otherwise wouldn’t serialize correctly, like Error, RegExp, Set, Map, Infinity, NaN, etc.

If you choose to set withStack to true, errors will include their stacktraces as an array (so that they are not painful to look at). Be sure to turn on "expand JSON" (meaning pretty print) in the options on logentries:

You can adjust this further by supplying your own custom replacer. This is a standard argument to JSON.stringify -- See MDN: JSON > Stringify > The Replacer Parameter for details. In the event that you supply a custom replacer, it is applied prior to the built-in replacer described above so you can override its behavior.

Optional Augmentation

Two options are available, timestamp and withLevel, which will add data to your log events. For objects, these are added as properties (non-mutatively). For strings, these values are prepended. If the name of a property would cause a collision with an existing property, it will be prepended with an underscore.

Flattening Log Objects

In some cases it will end up being easier to query your data if objects aren’t deeply nested. With the flatten and flattenArrays options, you can tell the client to transform objects like so:

• { "a": 1, "b": { "c": 2 } } => { "a": 1, "b.c": 2 }

If flattenArrays has not been set to false, this transformation will apply to arrays as well:

• { "a": [ "b", { "c": 3 } ] } => { "a.0": "b", "a.1.c": 3 }

Methods

In addition to log and its arbitrary sugary cousins, you can call closeConnection to explicitly close an open connection if one exists; you might wish to do this as part of a graceful exit. The connection will reopen if you log further.

Also, because the client is actually a writable stream, you can call write directly. This gives you lower-level access to writing entries. It is in object mode, but this means it expects discreet units (one call = one entry), not actual objects; you should pass in strings. This is useful if you want to pipe stdout, for example.

Buffer & Connection Issues

If there’s a problem with the connection, entries will be buffered to a max of 100 entries by default. After that, error events will be emitted when trying to log further. If the buffer drains, normal logging can resume. If console is true, these log entries will still display there, but they will not make it to LogEntries.

You can adjust the maximum size of the buffer with the bufferSize option. You’ll want to raise it if you’re dealing with very high volume (either a high number of logs per second, or when log entries are unusually long on average). Outside of these situations, exceeding the max buffer size is more likely an indication of creating logs in a synchronous loop (which seems like a bad idea).

If the connection fails, it will retry with an exponential backoff for several minutes. If it does not succeed in that time, an error is emitted. A ‘ban’ will be placed on further attempts but it will lift after some more time has passed, at which point the process can repeat (and hopefully work).

A connection to the host does not guarantee that your logs are transmitting successfully. If you have a bad token, there is no feedback from the server to indicate this. The only way to confirm that your token is working is to check the live tail on Logentries. I will investigate this further to see if there’s some other means with which a token can be tested for validity.

Using as a Winston ‘Transport’

If Winston is included in your package.json dependencies, simply requiring the Logentries client will place the transport constructor at winston.transports, even if Winston itself hasn’t yet been required.

var Logger = require('le_node');
var winston = require('winston');

assert(winston.transports.Logentries);

When adding a new Logentries transport, the options argument passed to Winston’s add method supports the usual options in addition to those which are Winston- specific. If custom levels are not provided, Winston’s defaults will be used.

winston.add(winston.transports.Logentries, { token: myToken });

In the hard-to-imagine case where you’re using Winston without including it in package.json, you can explicitly provision the transport by first requiring Winston and then calling Logger.provisionWinston().

Using with Bunyan

For Bunyan it’s like so:

var bunyan = require('bunyan');

var Logger = require('le_node');

var loggerDefinition = Logger.bunyanStream({ token: myToken });

// One stream
var logger1 = bunyan.createLogger(loggerDefinition);

// Multiple streams
var logger2 = bunyan.createLogger({
	name: 'whatevs',
	streams: [ loggerDefinition, otherLoggerDefinition ]
});

As with Winston, the options argument takes the normal constructor options (with the exception of timestamp, which is an option you should set on Bunyan itself instead). Bunyan uses six log levels, so the seventh and eighth, if provided, will be ignored; by default Bunyan’s level names will be used.

The object returned by bunyanStream is the Bunyan logging ‘channel’ definition in total. If you want to futz with this you can -- you can change its name or get the stream object itself from here.

Setting Up With Logentries Itself

When you create an account at Logentries (just a standard signup form; there’s a free tier), you can find the token you need. It’s shown during the initial walk- through but you can find it later under Logs/Hosts/{ the name of your host } -- on the far right, a gray TOKEN button that you can click to reveal the string.

That’s it -- once you have the token you’re set.

2015-05-26: le_node & Logentries-Client

Previously, "le_node" and "logentries-client" were two different modules. The former has been replaced with the latter codebase, but the le_node name is the canonical repo (it’s referenced in many places). It’s still possible to get logentries-client under that name on NPM, but it’s soon just going to be an alias for this repository, le_node.

For users of le_node from before this switch, there are some important differences to note before upgrading.

The new codebase does follow the same essential pattern. If you only used the client constructor and the log methods previously, there may be no breaking changes for you. But for anybody else...

Breaking Change: client.end()

Unlike old le_node, the client is itself a writable stream (and therefore you can pipe to it, for example from stdout, though note that 1 write invocation = 1 log entry). This also means that it has standard writable stream events and methods, including .end(). In the old le_node, .end() was a non-stream method that closed the underlying connection to the host.

For the functionality previously provided by .end(), use .closeConnection().

Deprecation: client.level() and client.winston()

The old le_node had a method called level() for setting the minimum log level. This is now a property (not a method) called minLevel. It can be set to either the name of the level or its index. The level() method has been added to the new codebase to facilitate migration, but will be removed at a later date.

Simply requiring le_node now automatically provisions Winston, if present, with a Logentries transport constructor. You don’t have to do anything else. The winston() method has also been added to the new codebase to prevent errors, but it’s a noop and will be removed at a later date.

Other Things For Migrants to Note

The old documentation seemed to suggest that placing a listener on the client for error events was an optional thing. This isn’t the case (and wasn’t the case in the old client, either). An unhandled error event from an EventEmitter is an unhandled error period. If you don’t place a listener for error events, your application will crash if the client emits an error.

The new codebase has a lot of new features, including some that are similar to, but not necessarilly the same as, old features that had been removed at some point or were just not documented.

The outstanding issues that exist for le_node at the time of writing are mostly things which either never affected this codebase or no longer make sense in regard to it.

• circular refs are fine
• time and level properties will never collide with existing props and are both optional
• JSON serialization is much more robust and customizable
• serialized objects will not be cut off at an arbitrary depth
• the connection is closed on extended inactivity and only reopened as needed
• errors are handled correctly
• there is built-in support for Bunyan
• Winston is provisioned in accord with prevailing conventions

You should assume that there are other breaking changes which I am unaware of. When I wrote Logentries Client I hadn’t considered that it might replace le_node, so unfortunately interoperability was not on my mind. You’ll wish to test thoroughly before updating an existing codebase to use the new client.

Changelog (Post-Merge)

1.1.2

• Update codependency to fix vulnerable dependency

1.1.1

• Fixes handling of winston’s meta object (gcoonrod)

1.1.0

• The .end() method will not synchronously terminate the underlying connection anymore. Instead, it waits for drain before doing so.

1.0.15

• Bubbles errors up correctly when using the Bunyan and Winston constructors
• Serializer no longer chokes on objects created with a null prototype

1.0.14

• Allows setting port with a string instead of a number.

1.0.13

• Fixes bug with winston transport’s level property.

1.0.12

• Increased default buffer size
• Made bufferSize (highWaterMark) configurable

1.0.10

• Fixes problems with setting custom host & port

1.0.9

• Fixes serialization bug in cases where the root-level object is itself exotic or otherwise does not ‘have own properties,’ including directly logged errors.

1.0.8

• Fixed bugged handling of Winston’s ‘meta’ parameter.

1.0.7

• Fixed nested dependency issues with shrinkwrap.
• Various minor changes (docs, etc)

1.0.2

• Logentries Client has become the new le_node. The original logentries-client module is now an alias for le_node, and le_node is now what was previously called logentries-client.
• Added level() and winston() methods with deprecation warnings so that existing le_node applications do not throw TypeErrors.
• Added events for 'connected', 'disconnected' and 'connection drain'

Changelog (Old Logentries-Client)

1.0.0 / 1.0.1

• Major overhaul -- rewrote in ES6
• Client is now a writable stream, compatible with stdout
• Added withLevel and timeout options
• Exposed host and port options for testing
• Expanded default serialization to handle more JSON-choking cases, including Map, Set and Symbol
• Added more sanity checks on instantiation
• Made 'level' argument optional when calling client.log
• BREAKING CHANGE: client.log method no longer accepts an arbitrary number of log entry arguments (to support above case, which seems much likely to be useful)
• Added custom, informative error objects
• Changed default minLevel value to zero (1 was an accident)
• The most significant changes concern handling the connection to the host:
  • An exponential backoff is used when connecting fails
  • After repeated failures, a cooldown period is enforced before further tries
  • The buffer of pending entries has a maximum now (60)
  • Errors get emitted when these conditions occur

0.5.0

• Added flatten and flattenArray options
• Added more special cases for the default serializer
• Added new tests

0.4.0

• Prevented mutation of incoming log objects when adding timestamp or level
• Turned thrown strings into proper errors (oops!)
• Updated dependencies

0.3.3

• Switched to the new API endpoint

0.3.1 & 0.3.2

• Readme updated

0.3.0

• Improved stack trace handling when withStack set to true

0.2.1

• Path for problems with new 0.2.0 options
• Added new tests

0.2.0

• Added proper handling for objects with circular references
• Added custom serialization for Error objects & withStack option
• Changed lodash to runInContext() to prevent template string problems

0.1.0

• Initial commit

Changelog (Old le_node)

(Pieced together to the best of my ability by reviewing commit history.)

0.1.4

• Cleanup (rewrite?)
• Did not include several previously available options, including KVP mode

0.1.3

• Switched from http to net module for non-ssl connection
• Added KVP-style flattening options & made it default
• Added more tests and options

0.1.0 - 0.0.2

• Code cleanup, bug fixes and tests

0.0.1

• Initial commit