Introduce registry for caching and exposing TemplateNodeInfos

[Choraden]

What type of PR is this?

/kind feature

What this PR does / why we need it:

This change introduces a new component, TemplateNodeInfoRegistry, which wraps the existing TemplateNodeInfoProvider. It caches the computed template NodeInfos and exposes them via a thread-safe interface.
This registry is added to the AutoscalingContext, allowing processors (like the DRA processor) to access the cached templates instead of relying on the less reliable NodeGroup.TemplateNodeInfo().

Which issue(s) this PR fixes:

Fixes #8881
Fixes #8882

Special notes for your reviewer:

--

Does this PR introduce a user-facing change?

NONE

Additional documentation e.g., KEPs (Kubernetes Enhancement Proposals), usage docs, etc.:

[linux-foundation-easycla]

The committers listed above are authorized under a signed CLA.

• ✅ login: Choraden / name: Hubert Grochowski (0fd8820, 67717ba, 7f36de5)

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[k8s-ci-robot]

[APPROVALNOTIFIER] This PR is NOT APPROVED

This pull-request has been approved by: Choraden
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[k8s-ci-robot]

Hi @Choraden. Thanks for your PR.

I'm waiting for a github.com member to verify that this patch is reasonable to test. If it is, they should reply with /ok-to-test on its own line. Until that is done, I will not automatically test new commits in this PR, but the usual testing commands by org members will still work. Regular contributors should join the org to skip this step.

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[Choraden]

/assign @towca

[jackfrancis]

/cherry-pick cluster-autoscaler-release-1.35

[k8s-infra-cherrypick-robot]

@jackfrancis: once the present PR merges, I will cherry-pick it on top of cluster-autoscaler-release-1.35 in a new PR and assign it to you.

Details

In response to this:

/cherry-pick cluster-autoscaler-release-1.35

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