Implementation of Capacity Reserve Margins

[filippopecci]

Description

This PR provides an initial implementation of capacity reserve margins in Macro. To do so, it introduces a new System field called constraints, which will include all system-wide constraints that can not be associated with a specific node or edge.

The mathematical formulation of the implemented capacity reserve margin constraints is:

$$ \sum_{e \in E_i} \delta^{der}_e \cdot \text{capacity}(e) \geq (1+\beta_i) D^{\text{peak}}_i $$

where :

• $E_i$ is the user-defined set of edges that contribute to capacity reserve margin constraint $i$
• $\delta^{der}_e$ is the derate factor of edge $e$
• Given a user-defined set of nodes $N_i$ corresponding to the region where the capacity reserve margin constraint applies, we have:

$$D^{\text{peak}}_i = \text{max}_{t \in 1,\ldots,T}\Bigg(\sum_{n \in N_i}\text{demand}(n,t)\Bigg)$$

• $\beta_i$ is the capacity reserve margin factor defined in settings.CapacityReserveMargin (e.g., $\beta_i=0.1$ corresponds to a margin that is 10% above peak demand)

Type of change

• New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)

Checklist:

• I have performed a self-review of my own code
• I have commented my code, particularly in hard-to-understand areas
• I have made corresponding changes to the documentation (e.g., docstrings for new functions, updated/new .md files in the docs folder)
• My changes generate no new warnings
• I have tested the code to ensure it works as expected

julia> using Pkg
julia> Pkg.test("MacroEnergy")

• I consent to the use of the MacroEnergy.jl license for my contributions.

How to test the code

See attached test system: electricity_three_zone_capacity_reserve_margin.zip