✨ Improve Static Qubit Handling

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ This project adheres to [Semantic Versioning], with the exception that minor rel
 - ✨ Add conversions between Jeff and QCO ([#1479], [#1548], [#1565]) ([**@denialhaag**])
 - ✨ Add a `place-and-route` pass for mapping circuits to architectures with restricted topologies ([#1537], [#1547], [#1568]) ([**@MatthiasReumann**])
 - ✨ Add initial infrastructure for new QC and QCO MLIR dialects
-  ([#1264], [#1330], [#1402], [#1428], [#1430], [#1436], [#1443], [#1446], [#1464], [#1465], [#1470], [#1471], [#1472], [#1474], [#1475], [#1506], [#1510], [#1513], [#1521], [#1542], [#1548], [#1550], [#1554], [#1570])
+  ([#1264], [#1330], [#1402], [#1428], [#1430], [#1436], [#1443], [#1446], [#1464], [#1465], [#1470], [#1471], [#1472], [#1474], [#1475], [#1506], [#1510], [#1513], [#1521], [#1542], [#1548], [#1550], [#1554], [#1569], [#1570])
   ([**@burgholzer**], [**@denialhaag**], [**@taminob**], [**@DRovara**], [**@li-mingbao**], [**@Ectras**], [**@MatthiasReumann**], [**@simon1hofmann**])
 
 ### Changed
@@ -335,6 +335,7 @@ _📚 Refer to the [GitHub Release Notes](https://github.com/munich-quantum-tool
 
 [#1571]: https://github.com/munich-quantum-toolkit/core/pull/1571
 [#1570]: https://github.com/munich-quantum-toolkit/core/pull/1570
+[#1569]: https://github.com/munich-quantum-toolkit/core/pull/1569
 [#1568]: https://github.com/munich-quantum-toolkit/core/pull/1568
 [#1565]: https://github.com/munich-quantum-toolkit/core/pull/1565
 [#1564]: https://github.com/munich-quantum-toolkit/core/pull/1564

mlir/include/mlir/Dialect/QC/IR/QCOps.td

@@ -65,31 +65,37 @@ def AllocOp : QCOp<"alloc", [MemoryEffects<[MemAlloc]>]> {
 
     let builders = [
         OpBuilder<(ins), [{
-            build($_builder, $_state, QubitType::get($_builder.getContext()), nullptr, nullptr, nullptr);
+            build($_builder, $_state, QubitType::get($_builder.getContext(), /*isStatic=*/false), nullptr, nullptr, nullptr);
         }]>,
         OpBuilder<(ins "::mlir::StringAttr":$register_name,
                        "::mlir::IntegerAttr":$register_size,
                        "::mlir::IntegerAttr":$register_index), [{
-            build($_builder, $_state, QubitType::get($_builder.getContext()),
+            build($_builder, $_state, QubitType::get($_builder.getContext(), /*isStatic=*/false),
                   register_name, register_size, register_index);
         }]>
     ];
 
     let hasVerifier = 1;
 }
 
+def DynamicQubit : Type<
+    And<[CPred<"::mlir::isa<::mlir::qc::QubitType>($_self)">,
+         CPred<"!::mlir::cast<::mlir::qc::QubitType>($_self).getIsStatic()">]>,
+    "dynamic qubit type (!qc.qubit)">;
+
 def DeallocOp : QCOp<"dealloc", [MemoryEffects<[MemFree]>]> {
-    let summary = "Deallocate a qubit";
+    let summary = "Deallocate a dynamically allocated qubit";
     let description = [{
-        Deallocates a qubit, releasing its resources.
+        Deallocates a dynamically allocated qubit, releasing its resources.
+        Static qubits (`!qc.qubit<static>`) cannot be deallocated.
 
         Example:
         ```mlir
         qc.dealloc %q : !qc.qubit
         ```
     }];
 
-    let arguments = (ins QubitType:$qubit);
+    let arguments = (ins DynamicQubit:$qubit);
     let assemblyFormat = "$qubit attr-dict `:` type($qubit)";
 
     let hasCanonicalizer = 1;
@@ -104,13 +110,20 @@ def StaticOp : QCOp<"static", [Pure]> {
 
         Example:
         ```mlir
-        %q = qc.static 0 : !qc.qubit
+        %q = qc.static 0 : !qc.qubit<static>
         ```
     }];
 
     let arguments = (ins ConfinedAttr<I64Attr, [IntNonNegative]>:$index);
     let results = (outs QubitType:$qubit);
     let assemblyFormat = "$index attr-dict `:` type($qubit)";
+
+    let builders = [
+        OpBuilder<(ins "int64_t":$index), [{
+            build($_builder, $_state, QubitType::get($_builder.getContext(), /*isStatic=*/true),
+                  $_builder.getI64IntegerAttr(index));
+        }]>
+    ];
 }
 
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

mlir/include/mlir/Dialect/QC/IR/QCTypes.td

@@ -25,7 +25,18 @@ def QubitType : QCType<"Qubit", "qubit"> {
         QC dialect. Operations using this type modify qubits in place using
         reference semantics, similar to how classical imperative languages handle
         mutable references.
+
+        `!qc.qubit` (default) denotes a dynamically allocated qubit.
+        `!qc.qubit<static>` denotes a qubit that has been mapped to a fixed
+        hardware position.
     }];
+    let parameters = (ins DefaultValuedParameter<"bool", "false">:$isStatic);
+    let builders = [
+        TypeBuilder<(ins), [{
+            return $_get($_ctxt, /*isStatic=*/false);
+        }]>
+    ];
+    let hasCustomAssemblyFormat = 1;
 }
 
 #endif // MLIR_DIALECT_QC_IR_QCTYPES_TD