Allow configuring the exemplar filter on the metrics SDK #14637

Job	Run time
lint	2m 11s
test-bench	53s
test-race	2m 4s
test-concurrent-safe	4m 4s
test-coverage	57s
compatibility-test (1.23.0, ubuntu-latest, 386)	49s
compatibility-test (1.23.0, ubuntu-latest, amd64)	1m 13s
compatibility-test (1.23.0, macos-13, amd64)	2m 0s
compatibility-test (1.23.0, macos-latest, arm64)	1m 47s
compatibility-test (1.23.0, windows-latest, 386)	2m 0s
compatibility-test (1.23.0, windows-latest, amd64)	2m 43s
compatibility-test (1.23.0, actuated-arm64-2cpu-8gb, arm64)	1m 55s
compatibility-test (~1.22.5, ubuntu-latest, 386)	32s
compatibility-test (~1.22.5, ubuntu-latest, amd64)	1m 4s
compatibility-test (~1.22.5, macos-13, amd64)	2m 28s
compatibility-test (~1.22.5, macos-latest, arm64)	43s
compatibility-test (~1.22.5, windows-latest, 386)	2m 35s
compatibility-test (~1.22.5, windows-latest, amd64)	3m 35s
compatibility-test (~1.22.5, actuated-arm64-2cpu-8gb, arm64)	1m 50s
codecov	9s
test-compatibility	1s
	35m 33s

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