Logic to make linters robust to adversarial comments

[MichaelChirico]

Split of from #2899. Progress on #2737.

I tried to include here those linters that only fail under "adversarial" commenting, which is a bit subjective, the idea is to basically only consider cases of comments that are not particularly common in practice. In practice that means those listed in the NEWS on #2899 without an associated issue.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 99.28%. Comparing base (84d3f8c) to head (4bee164).

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main    #2901   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   99.28%   99.28%           
=======================================
  Files         129      129           
  Lines        7266     7282   +16     
=======================================
+ Hits         7214     7230   +16     
  Misses         52       52           

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